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Geschichte der Entmarkungskrankheiten

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Demyelinisierende Erkrankungen

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Zusammenfassung

Die multiple Sklerose stellt das Musterbeispiel der Entmarkungskrankheiten dar, und die Geschichte dieser Erkrankungen ist im Wesentlichen die der MS. Zunächst sind drei Verwendungen des Begriffs „Entmarkung“ zu erläutern. Erstens bezeichnet der Begriff in der Neuropathologie im strengen Sinn den Verlust des Myelins bei relativer Erhaltung der Axone. Bei den Läsionen der multiplen Sklerose oder der akuten Encephalomyelitis disseminata z. B. zeigt die Färbung der Axone in der weißen Substanz, dass viele derselben in den Zonen erheblichen Myelinverlustes unversehrt bleiben. Die Pathologen wissen das bereits seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Im Bereich der einzelnen Faser ist die Kontinuität des Axons erhalten, doch haben Abschnitte unterschiedlicher Länge ihre Myelinhülle eingebüßt. Diese Art der Läsion wurde sowohl für das zentrale [1,2] als auch für das periphere [3] Nervensystem beschrieben. Allerdings galt die Aufmerksamkeit weniger dem ersteren, wahrscheinlich weil es schwierig ist, einzelne Fasern im ZNS zu isolieren.

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  1. W.-I. Mcdonald
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel, 4031, Schweiz

    Andreas J. Steck

  2. Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Deutschland

    Hans-Peter Hartung  & Bernd C. Kieseier  & 

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Mcdonald, WI. (2003). Geschichte der Entmarkungskrankheiten. In: Steck, A.J., Hartung, HP., Kieseier, B.C. (eds) Demyelinisierende Erkrankungen. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57441-2_5

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