Zusammenfassung
Halluzinogen wirkende Substanzen können in vier Gruppen eingeteilt werden: in die Indolalkylamine mit dem Grundgerüst der Aminosäure Tryptophan (Vorstufe von Tryptamin und Serotonin), die Phenylalkylamine mit dem Grundgerüst der Aminosäure Tyrosin (Vorstufe von Dopamin, Noradrenalin und Adrenalin) sowie bei einer umfassenderen Definition auch Anticholinergika und NMDA-Glutamatrezeptor-Antagonisten [15]. Zu den halluzinogen wirkenden Tryptamin-Abkömmlingen sind N,N-Dimethyltryptamin (DMT), (+)Lyserg-säurediethylamid ((+)LSD) und die β-Carboline Harmalin und Harmin zu rechnen. Zu den Phenylalkylaminen gehören Meskalin, Amphetamin und seine Derivate wie z.B. Ecstasy. Beispiele für Anticholinergika sind Atropin und Scopolamin und solche für nicht-kompetitiv wirkende NMDA-Rezeptor-Antagonisten Phencyclidin (PCP), Ketamin, Dextromethorphan und Dizocilpin (MK 801).
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Rommelspacher, H., Schmidt, L.G., Spies, C. (2003). Psychiatrische Forschung an der Freien Universität Berlin ß-Carboline als körpereigene Halluzinogene. In: Hippius, H. (eds) Universitätskolloquien zur Schizophrenie. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57417-7_11
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