Zusammenfassung
Bereits Anfang der 90er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde aufgrund verschiedener Analogien zur Elektrokrampftherapie darüber nachgedacht, inwieweit die subkonvulsive Stimulation des Frontallappens einen antidepressiven Effekt haben könnte. Es wurden die ersten Kasuistiken im Jahre 1993 und 1995 aus der Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie in Bonn publiziert (Höflich et al. 1993; Kolbinger et al. 1995). Dr. Höflich stimulierte zwei Patienten mit einem Einzelpulsstimulator und einer Frequenz von weniger als 0,1 Hz. Diese niedrige Stimulationsfrequenz musste gewählt werden, weil damals noch keine repetitiven transkraniellen Magnetstimulatoren mit höheren Frequenzen zur Verfügung standen. Aus verständlichen Gründen wurden in den ersten Studien nur therapieresistente depressive Patienten behandelt. Eine der beiden Patientinnen, die an einer psychotischen und therapieresistenten Depression litten, profitierte nicht von den zehn TMS-Behandlungen über dem Vertex, während bei der zweiten Patientin unter den zehn Behandlungen eine geringe Besserung eintrat. Die anschließend bei beiden durchgeführte Elektrokrampftherapie führte zu einer deutlichen Besserung in der ersten Patientin, sie hatte nur einen mäßigen Erfolg bei der zweiten Patientin (Tabelle 21.1).
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Eschweiler, G.W. (2003). Transkranielle Magnetstimulation zur Behandlung von depressiven Störungen. In: Eschweiler, G.W., Wild, B., Bartels, M. (eds) Elektromagnetische Therapien in der Psychiatrie. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57370-5_21
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