Skip to main content

Tetralogy of Fallot

  • Chapter
Congenital Heart Defects

Abstract

Tetralogy of Fallot is the 5th most common congenital heart defect. This occurs in about 0.19–0.26/1000 live births. It constitutes 6.8% of all congenital heart diseases. It is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease beyond 1 week of age.

The erratum of this chapter is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57358-3_19

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexiou C, Chen Q, Galogavrou M, Gnanapragasam J, Salmon AP, Keeton BR, Haw MP, Monro JL (2002) Repair of tetralogy of Fallot in infancy with a transventricular or a transatrial approach. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 22:174–183

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson RH, Allwork SP, Ho SY, Lenox CC, Zuberbuhler JR (1981) Surgical anatomy of tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 81:887–896

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnard CN, Schrire V (1961) The surgical treat-ment of the tetralogy of Fallot. Thorax 16:346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blalock A, Taussig HB (1945) The surgical treatment of malformations of the heart in which there is pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. JAMA 128:189–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brock RC, Campbell M (1950) Infundibular resection or dilatation for infundibular stenosis. Br Heart J 12:403

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castaneda AR, Freed MD, Williams RG, Norwood WI (1977) Repair of tetralogy of Fallot in infancy. Early and late results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 74:372–381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cobanoglu A, Schultz JM (2002) Total correction of tetralogy of Fallot in the first year of life: late results. Ann Thorac Surg 74:133–138

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corno AF, Giamberti A, Giannico S, Marino B, Picardo S, Ballerini L, Marcelletti C (1988) Long-term results after extracardiac valved conduits implanted for complex congenital heart disease. J Card Surg 3:495–500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corno AF, Giamberti A, Giannico S, Marino B, Rossi E, Marcelletti C, Kirklin JK (1990) Airway obstruction associated with congenital heart disease in infancy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 99:1091–1098

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corno AF, Zoia E, Santoro F, Camesasca C, Biagioli B, Grossi A (1992) Epicardial damage induced by topical cooling during pediatric cardiac surgery. Br Heart J 67:174–176

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corno AF (1993) Rare cardiac malformations. In: D’Alessandro LC (ed) Heart Surgery 1993. CESI, Rome, pp 189–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Corno AF, Da Cruz E, Milella L, Wilson N (1997) Controlled reoxygenation for cyanotic patients. 2nd World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Abstracts, p 186

    Google Scholar 

  • Corno AF, Da Cruz E, Lal AB, Milella L, Wilson N (1998) Controlled reoxygenation for cyanotic patients. In: Imai Y, Momma K (eds) Proceedings of 2nd World Congress of PCCS. Futura Publishing Co., Armonk, NY, pp 1127–1129

    Google Scholar 

  • Corno AF, Hurni M, Payot M, von Segesser LK (1999) Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt with compensatory properties. Ann Thorac Surg 67:269–270

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corno AF, von Segesser LK (1999) Is hypothermia necessary in pediatric cardiac surgery? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 15:110–111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corno AF (2000) Surgery for congenital heart disease. Curr Opinion Cardiol 15:238–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corno AF, Hurni M, Griffin H, Galal OM, Payot M, Sekarski N, Tozzi P, von Segesser LK (2002) Bovine jugular vein as right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery valved conduit. J Heart Valve Dis 11:242–247

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dabizzi RP, Caprioli G, Aiazzi L (1980) Distribution and anomalies of the coronary arteries in tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 61:95–102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Da Cruz E, Milella L, Corno AF (1998) Left isomerism with tetralogy of Fallot and anomalous systemic and pulmonary venous connections. Cardiol Young 8:131–133

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davlouros PA, Kilner PJ, Hornung TS, Li W, Francis JM, Moon JCC, Smith GC, Tat T, Pennell DJ, Gatzoulis MA (2002) Right ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: detrimental role of right ventricular outflow aneurysm or akinesia and adverse right-to-left ventricular interaction. J Am Coll Cardiol 40:2044–2052

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Leval MR, McKay R, Jones M, Stark J, Macartney FJ (1981) Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. Use of subclavian artery orifice as flow regulator in prosthetic systemic-pulmonary shunts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 81:112

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Ruijter FT, Weenink I, Hitchcock FJ, Meijboom EJ, Bennink GB (2002) Right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary valve replacement after correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Ann Thorac Surg 73:1794–1800

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ebert PA (1982) Second operation for pulmonary stenosis or insufficiency after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Am J Cardiol 50:637

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edmunds LH, Saxena NC, Friedman S, Rashkind WJ, Dodd PF (1976) Transatrial repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Surgery 80:681

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fallot A (1888) Contribution à l’anatomie pathologique de la maladie bleue (cyanose cardiaque). Marseille Med 25:77–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferencz C, Rubin JD, McCarter RJ (1985) Congenital heart disease: prevalence at livebirth. The Baltimore-Washington infant study. Am J Epidemiol 121:31–36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fyler DC, Buckley LP, Hellenbrand WE, Cohn HE (1980) Report of the New England Regional Infant Care Program. Pediatrics 65(Suppl):375–461

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghai A, Silversides C, Harris L, Webb GD, Siu SC, Therrien J (2002) Left ventricular dysfunction is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in adults late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Coll Cardiol 40:1675–1680

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giannopoulos NM, Chatzis AK, Karros P, Zavaropoulos P, Papagiannis J, Rammos S, Kirvassilis GV, Harris GE (2002) Early results after transatrial/transpulmonary repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 22:582–586

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giomarelli P, Biagioli B, Lisi G, Santoro F, Corno AF (1989) On-line metabolic and ventilatory monitoring in pediatric cardiac operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 97:939–940

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giomarelli P, Biagioli B, Rosi R, Simeone F, Santoro F, Lisi G, Corno AF (1989) Postoperative on-line ventilatory monitoring in pediatric patients after palliative or corrective procedure for tetralogy of Fallot. Cuore 6:463–468

    Google Scholar 

  • Gootman NL, Scarpelli EM, Rudolph AM (1963) Metabolic acidosis in children with severe cyanotic congenital heart disease. Pediatrics 31:251–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman JIE, Kaplan S (2002) The incidence of congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:1890–1900

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hurni M, Corno AF, Tucker OP, Payot M, Sekarski N, Cotting J, Bernath MA, von Segesser LK (2000) Venpro: a new pulmonary valved conduit. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 48(Suppl I):120

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirklin JW, Ellis FH, McGoon DC, DuShane JW, Swan HFC (1959) Surgical treatment for tetralogy of Fallot by open intracardiac repair. J Thorac Surg 37:22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lev M, Rimoldi HJA, Rowlatt DF (1964) Quantitative anatomy of cyanotic tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 30:531

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lillehei CW, Cohen M, Warden HE, Read RC, Aust JB, De Wall RA, Varco RL (1955) Direct vision intracardiac surgical correction of the tetralogy of Fallot, pentalogy of Fallot, and pulmonary atresia defects: report of first ten cases. Ann Surg 142:418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcelletti C, Corno F, Losekoot TG, Olthof H, Schuller J, Bulterijs AHK, Becker AE (1980) Condotti extracardiaci: indicazioni, tecniche e risultati immediate. G Ital Cardiol 10:1041–1054

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcelletti C, Corno AF (1981) Extracardiac conduits: indications, techniques and early results. 33th Herhalings Cursus Kindergeneeskunde, Amsterdam (Abstracts)

    Google Scholar 

  • Marino B, Corno AF, Pasquini L, Guccione P, Carta MG, Ballerini L, De Simone G, Marcelletti C (1987) Indication for systemic-pulmonary artery shunts guided by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography: criteria for patient selection. Ann Thorac Surg 44:495–498

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marino B, Giannico S, Pasquini L, Corno AF, Picardo S (1988) Balloon-occlusion of the carotid artery for the angiographic visualization of Blalock-Taussig shunts and pulmonary arteries. Chest 94:267–269

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marino B, Corno AF, Carotti A, Pasquini L, Giannico S, Guccione P, Bevilacqua M, De Simone G, Marcelletti C (1990) Pediatric cardiac surgery guided by echocardiography. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 24:197–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Therrien J, Marx GR, Gatzoulis MA (2002) Late problems in tetralogy of Fallot: recognition, man-agement and prevention. Cardiol Clin 20:395–404

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uebing A, Fischer G, Bethge M, Scheewe J, Schmiel F, Stich J, Brossman J, Kramer HH (2002) Influence of the pulmonary annulus diameter on pulmonary regurgitation and right ventricular pressure load after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Heart 88:510–514

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Doom C (2002) The unnatural history of tetralogy of Fallot: surgical repair is not as definitive as previously thought. Heart 88:447–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Praagh R, Van Praagh S, Nebesar RA, Muster AJ, Sinha SN, Paul MH (1970) Tetralogy of Fallot: underdevelopment of the pulmonary infundibulum and its sequelae. Am J Cardiol 26:25–33

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Praagh R (1990) Etienne-Louis Arthur Fallot and his tetralogy: a new translation of Fallot’s summary and a modern reassessment of this anomaly. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 4:231–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Corno, A.F. (2003). Tetralogy of Fallot. In: Congenital Heart Defects. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57358-3_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57358-3_7

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63245-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57358-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics