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Appendix

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Surgery

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Abstract

The vermiform appendix was recognized as an independent anatomical structure at the beginning of the sixteenth century.1–3 The appendix was sketched in the anatomical notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci (Fig. 32.1; ca. 1500) and was called an “orecchio” or ear. However, it appears to have been formally described in 1524 by Da Capri4 and in 1543 by Vesalius.5 In 1554, Fernel6 described a case of a 7-year-old girl who was given a large quince as a remedy for diarrhea. The girl subsequently developed severe abdominal pain and ultimately died. At autopsy, the quince was found to have adhered to and obstructed the lumen of the appendix; the appendix had become necrotic and perforated. Until the eighteenth century, cases of appendicitis were described at autopsy.1–3 Amyand is credited with the first recorded appendectomy (1736), performed when a boy presented with a fistula in a hernia.? Exploring the hernia, Amyand found the appendix in the scrotal sac. A calcified mass and fecal fistula had formed around the wall of the appendix where it had been perforated by a pin. Subsequently, in the mid-1800s, a number of cases of appendiceal abscess were recognized before death. Some were drained with recovery of the patients.1,2

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  1. David I. Soybel
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, San Francisco, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD (Professor and Vice-Chairman of Surgery, Chief) (Professor and Vice-Chairman of Surgery, Chief)

  2. Surgical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD (Professor and Vice-Chairman of Surgery, Chief) (Professor and Vice-Chairman of Surgery, Chief)

  3. Division of General Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    R. Randal Bollinger MD, PhD (Professor of Surgery, Professor of Immunology, Chief) (Professor of Surgery, Professor of Immunology, Chief)

  4. Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Alfred E. Chang MD (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery) (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery)

  5. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  6. Division of General Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD (Professor of Surgery, Chief) (Professor of Surgery, Chief)

  7. Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Harper Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    Harvey I. Pass MD (Professor of Surgery and Oncology, Chief of Thoracic Oncology) (Professor of Surgery and Oncology, Chief of Thoracic Oncology)

  8. Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD (Associate Professor of Surgery) (Associate Professor of Surgery)

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Soybel, D.I. (2001). Appendix. In: Norton, J.A., et al. Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57282-1_32

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