Abstract
Standardisation of multivariate observations is the important stage that precedes the determination of distances (dissimilarities) in clustering and multidimensional scaling. Different studies (e.g. Milligan, Cooper (1988)) show the effect of standardisation on the cluster structure in various data configurations. In the paper a survey of standardisation formulas is given. Then we consider the problem of different scales of measurement and their impact on:
-
— the selection of the standardisation formula;
-
— the selections of the appropriate dissimilarity (or similarity) measure.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
anderberg, M.R. (1973): Cluster Analysis for Applications. Academic Press, New York, San Francisco, London.
Cormack, R.M. (1971): A Review of Classification (with Discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Ser. A, (3), 321–367.
Cox, T.F. and Cox, M.A.A. (1994): Multidimensional Scaling. Chapman and Hall, London.
Hand, D.J. (1996): Statistics and the Theory of Measurement. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Ser. A, (3), 445–492.
Jajuga, K. (1981): Metody analizy wielowymiarowej w ilościowych badaniach przestrzennych [Multivariate Methods in Quantitative Spatial Research]. Wroclaw University of Economics.
Jajuga, K. (1999): Walesiak, M. (1999): Klasyfikacja i analiza danych — teoria i zastosowania. Taksonomia 6. Wroclaw University of Economics, 23–3
Kaufman, L. and Rousseeuw, P.J. (1990): Finding Groups in Data: an Introduction to Cluster Analysis. Wiley, New York.
Milligan, G.W. and Cooper, M.C. (1988): A Study of Standardization of Variables in Cluster Analysis. Journal of Classification No. 2, 181–204.
Milligan, G.W. (1995): Issues in Applied Classification: Variable Standardization. CSNA Newsletter, February, Issue 38.
Stevens, S.S. (1959): Measurement, Psychophysics and Utility. In: Churchman, C.W. and Ratoosh, P. (Eds.), Measurement; Definitions and Theories. Wiley, New York.
Walesiak, M. (1990): Syntetyczne badania porównawcze w świetle teorii pomiaru [Synthetic Comparative Studies in the Light of the Measurement Theory]. Przeglad Statystyczny z. 1-2, 37–46.
Walesiak, M. (1993): Statystyczna analiza wielowymiarowa w badaniach marketingowych [Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Marketing Research]. Wroclaw University of Economics, Research Papers No. 654.
Walesiak, M. (1995): The Analysis of Factors Influencing the Choice of the Methods in the Statistical Analysis of Marketing Data. Statistics in Transition June, Vol. 2, No. 2, 185–194.
Walesiak, M., Dziechciarz, J., and Bak, A. (1998): Ordinal Variables in the Segmentation of Advertisement Receivers. In: Rizzi, A., Vichi, N., and Bock, H.H. (1998): Advances in Data Science and Classification. Proc. 6th Conf. International Federation of Classification Societies in Rome, Springer, Heidelberg, 655–662.
Walesiak, M. (1999): Distance Measure for Ordinal Data. Argumenta Oeconomica (in press).
Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A. (1998): Market Segmentation. Conceptual and Methodological Foundations. Kluwer, Boston, Dordrecht, London.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Jajuga, K., Walesiak, M. (2000). Standardisation of Data Set under Different Measurement Scales. In: Decker, R., Gaul, W. (eds) Classification and Information Processing at the Turn of the Millennium. Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57280-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57280-7_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-67589-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57280-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive