Abstract
This topic essentially covers three groups of formulations: pediculicides, sca-bicides (acaricides), and repellents for blood sucking arthropods. Each has its own specialised nature and they should not be confused, despite the fact that some products are used for more than one application. Indeed, confusion exists in the minds of some public health workers as to the difference between, for example, a pediculicide and a repellent for head lice.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Altschuler DZ, Kenney LR (1986) Pediculicide performance, profit and the public health. Arch Dermatol 122:259-261
Lipkin J (1989) Treating head lice: it's a pesticide issue, too. J Pesticide Reform 9:21-22
Sadler C (1997) Louse war syndrome. Health Visitor 70:12
Willis J (1998) Are head lice treatments poisoning our children? Health Visitor 71:25-27
Darby WM, Boobar LR, Anderson LM (1988) An improved power duster for mass delousing of humans. J Med Entomol 25:69-70
Friedman-Mor Z, Pollack E (1972) Intoxication by organophosphates following use as a hair rinse against head lice (in Hebrew). Harefuah 82:278-281
Halle A, Sloas DD (1987) Percutaneous organophosphate poisoning. South Med J 80:1179-1181
Petros S (1990) Malathion poisoning. Trop Doctor 20:71
Lange M, Nitzsche K, Zesch A (1981) Percutaneous absorption of lindane in healthy volunteers and scabies patients. Dependency of penetration kinetics in serum upon frequency of application, time and mode of washing. Arch Dermatol Res 271:387-399
Zesch A, Nitzsche K, Lange M (1982) Demonstration of the percutaneous resorption of a lipophilic pesticide and its possible storage in the human body. Arch Dermatol Res 273:43-49
van der Rhee HJ, Farquhar JA, Vermeulen NPE (1989) Efficacy and transdermal absorption of permethrin in scabies patients. Acta Derm Venereol 69:170-182
Franz TJ, Lehman PA, Franz SF, Guin JD (1996) Comparative percutaneous absorption of lindane and permethrin. Arch Dermatol 132:901-905
Maibach HI, Feldman RJ, Milby TH, Serat WF (1971) Regional variation in percutaneous penetration in man. Arch Environ Health 23:208-211
Feldman RJ, Maibach HI (1974) Percutaneous penetration of some pesticides and herbicides in man. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 28:126-132
Alexander JO’D (1984) Arthropods and human skin. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 227-292
Burgess I (1990) Adverse reactions to monosulfiram. Lancet 336:873
Wright RH (1975) How mosquito repellents repel. Sci Am 233:104-111
Roland EH, Jan JE, Rigg JM (1985) Toxic encephalopathy in a child after brief exposure to insect repellents. Can Med Assoc J 132:155-156
Abou-Donia MB, Wilmarth KR, Jensen KF, Oehme FW, Kurt TL (1996) Neurotoxicity resulting from coexposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin: implications of Gulf War chemical exposures. J Toxicol Environ Health 48:35-56
Maunder JW (1989) Insecticides in pediculosis capitis. Arch Dis Child 64:69-70
Burgess IF (1998) Head lice - developing a practical approach. Practitioner 242:126-129
Khan AA, Maibach HI, Skidmore DL (1975) Insect repellents: effect of mosquito and repellent related factors on protection time. J Econ Entomol 68:43-45
Hurlbut HS, Altman RM, Nibley C Jr (1952) DDT resistance in Korean body lice. Science 115:11-12
Miller RN, Wissman CL, Sweeney GW, Verschueren A, Fabrikant DE (1972) First report of resistance of human body lice to malathion. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 66:372-375
WHO (1975) Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of body lice and head lice to insecticides. WHO/VBC/75.585 World Health Organization Geneva
Kucirka SA, Parish LC, Witkowski JA (1983) The story of lindane resistance and head lice. Int J Dermatol 22:551-555
WHO (1981) Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of body lice and head lice to insecticides. WHO/VBC/81.808 World Health Organization Geneva
Mumcuoglu KY, Miller J, Galun R (1990) Susceptibility of the human head and body louse, Pediculus humanus (Anoplura: Pediculidae) to insecticides. Insect Sci Appl 11: 223-226
Mumcuoglu KY, Hemingway J, Miller J, Ioffe-Uspensky I, Klaus S, Ben-Ishai F, Galun R (1995) Permethrin resistance in the head louse Pediculus capitis from Israel. Med Vet Entomol 9:427-432
Burgess IF, Brown CM, Peock S, Kaufman J (1995) Head lice resistant to pyrethroid insecticides in Britain. BMJ 311:752
Finney DJ (1971) Probit analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Craufurd-Benson HJ (1938) An improved method for testing liquid contact insecticides in the laboratory. Bull Entomol Res 29:41-56
ASTM (1983) Standard testing method for determining the effectiveness of liquid, gel, cream or shampoo insecticides against human lice, E938-83. American Society for Testng and Materials Philadelphia
ASTM (1993) Standard testing method for determining the effectiveness of liquid, gel, cream or shampoo insecticides against human louse eggs, El517-93. American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia
SSP (1988) Information to manufacturers and importers of pediculicidal products subject to approval according to article L.658-11 (in French). Journal Offìciel (Ministêre de la Solidarité, de la Santé et de la Protection Sociale) 88/38:91-93
Chosidow O, Chastang C, Brue C, Bouvet E, Izri E, Monteny N, Bastuji-Garin S, Rousset JJ, Revuz J (1994) Controlled study of malathion and d-phenothrin lotions for Pediculus humanus var capitÃs-infested schoolchildren. Lancet 344:1724-1727
Burgess IF (1996) Shampoos for head lice treatment - comparative in vitro tests. Pharm J 257:188-190
Meinking TL, Taplin D, Kalter DC, Eberle MW (1986) Comparative efficacy of treatments for pediculosis capitis infestations. Arch Dermatol 122:267-271
Burgess I (1991) Malathion lotions for head lice - a less reliable treatment than commonly believed. Pharm J 247:630-632
Burgess I (1990) Carbaryl lotions for head lice - new laboratory tests show variations in efficacy. Pharm J 245:159-161
Burgess I, Veal L, Sindle T (1992) The efficacy of d-phenothrin and permethrin formulations against head lice: a comparison. Pharm J 249:692-693
Vander Stichele RH, Dezeure EM, Bogaert MG (1995) Systematic review of clinical efficacy of topical treatments for head lice. BMJ 311:604-608
Kyle DR (1990) Comparison of phenothrin shampoo and malathion lotion in the treatment of head louse infection. J R Soc Health 110:62-63
Burgess IF, Brown CM, Burgess NA (1994) Synergized pyrethrin mousse, a new approach to head lice eradication: efficacy in field and laboratory studies. Clin Ther 16:57-64
Buxton PA (1947) The louse, 2nd edn. Edward Arnold, London
Taplin D, Castillero PM, Spiegel J, Mercer S, Rivera AA, Schachner L (1982) Malathion for treatment of Pediculus humanus var. capitis infestation. JAMA 247:3103-3105
Guérin B, Hart B (1993) Technique for the in vitro study of acaricidal agents (in French). Rev Fr Allergol 33:33-39
Fain A (1968) Study of the variability of Sarcoptes scabiei with a revision of the Sarcop-tidae (in French). Acta Zool Pathol Antverp 47:1-196
Arlian LG, Vyszenski-Moher DL (1988) Life cycle of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. J Para-sitol 74:427-430
Burgess I (1993) Skin scraping for scabies mites. Horizons 7:193-194
Taplin D, Meinkin TL, Porcelain SL, Castillero PM, Chen JA (1986) Permethrin 5% dermal cream: a new treatment for scabies. J Am Acad Dermatol 15:995-1001
Taplin D, Porcelain SL, Meinking TL, Athey RL, Chen JA, Castillero PM, Sanchez R (1991) Community control of scabies: a model based on use of permethrin cream. Lancet 337:1016-1018
Burgess IF (1997) Diagnosing and treating scabies. Practitioner 241:739-743
Bar-Zeev M, Smith CN (1959) Action of repellents on mosquitoes feeding through treated membranes or on treated blood. J Econ Entomol 52:263-267
Rutledge LC, Moussa MA, Belletti CJ (1976) An in vitro blood-feeding system for quantitative testing of mosquito repellents. Mosquito News 36:283-293
Burgess I (1993) The function of a repellent in head louse control. Pharm J 250:674-675
Peock S, Maunder JW (1993) Arena tests with piperonal, a new louse repellent. J R Soc Health 113:292-294
Bar-Zeev M (1980) Studies of repellents against Panstrongylus megistus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Brazil. J Med Entomol 17:70-74
Buescher MD, Rutledge LC, Wirtz RA, Nelson JH (1985) Laboratory repellent tests against Rhodnius prolixus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). J Med Entomol 22:49-53
Granett P (1940) The development of a practical mosquito repellent. Proc New Jersey Mosquito Extermination Assoc 27:36-43
Curtis CF, Lines JD, Ijumba J, Callaghan A, Hill N, Karimzad MA (1987) The relative efficacy of repellents against mosquito vectors of disease. Med Vet Entomol 1:109-119
Barnard DR, Posey KH, Smith D, Schreck CE (1998) Mosquito density, biting rate and cage size effects on repellent tests. Med Vet Entomol 12:39-45
Lindsay SW, Janneh LM (1989) Preliminary field trials of personal protection against mosquitoes using deet or permethrin in soap compared with other methods. Med Vet Entomol 3:97-100
Weston SE, Burgess I, Williamson EM (1997) Evaluation of essential oils and some of their component terpenoids as pediculicides for treatment of human head lice. British Pharmaceutical Conference 1997 Science Proceedings. J Pharm Pharmacol 49[Suppl 4]:224
Lover MJ, Singer AJ, Lynch DM (1980) Ectoparasite toxicants containing Imidazoline. U.S. Patent no. 4238499
Dodd CS (1998) Head lice treatment [Protocol]. Cochrane Library 4, Oxford: Update Software
Dodd CS (1999) Interventions for the treatment of head lice. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The Cochrane Library. Cochrane Collaboration 1999, Issue 2, Oxford: Update Software
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Burgess, I.F. (2000). Dermatopharmacology of Antiparasitics and Insect Repellents. In: Gabard, B., Surber, C., Elsner, P., Treffel, P. (eds) Dermatopharmacology of Topical Preparations. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57145-9_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57145-9_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62960-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57145-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive