Abstract
Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, which was originally described by O’Farrell (1975), separates proteins in the first dimension according to their isoelectric point, and in the second dimension according to their molecular weight. It offers the opportunity of separating several hundred proteins from a total cellular extract. In combination with the recent development of methods of protein identification based on microsequencing, amino acid composition and mass spectrometry, the technique of 2-D gel electrophoresis now provides an invaluable tool for proteomic studies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
An der Lan B, Chrambach A (1985) Analytical and preparative gel electrofocusing. In: Hames BD, Rickwood D (eds) Gel electrophoresis of proteins. A practical approach. IRL Press, Oxford
Ansorge W (1982) Fast visualization of protein bands by impregnation in potassium permanganate and silver nitrate. In: Stathakos D, (ed) Electrophoresis, 82. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 235–242
Bjelqvist B, Ek K, Righetti PG, Gianazza E, Görg A, Westermeier R, Postel W (1982) Isoelectric focusing in immobilised pH gradients: principle, methodology and some applications. J Biochem Biophys Methods 6: 317–339
Blomberg A, Blomberg L, Fey SJ, Mose-Larsen P, Larsen PM, Roepstorff P, Degand P, Boutry M, Posch A, Görg A (1995) Interlaboratory reproducibility of yeast protein patterns analyzed by immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 16: 1935–1945
Boucherie H, Dujardin G, Kermorgant M, Monribot C, Slonimski P, Perrot M (1995) Two-dimensional protein map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: construction of a gene-protein index. Yeast 11: 601–613
Boucherie H, Sagliocco F, Joubert R, Maillet I, Labarre J, Perrot M (1996) Two-dimensional gel protein database of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Electrophoresis 17: 1683–1699
Corbett J, Dunn MJ, Posch A, Görg A (1994) Positional reproducibility of protein spots in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing in the first dimension: an interlaboratory comparison. Electrophoresis 15: 1205–1211
Dunbar BS (1987) Sample preparation for electrophoresis; Method for isoelectric focusing. In: Dunbar BS (ed) Two dimensional electrophoresis and immunological techniques. Plenum Press, New York
Dunn MJ (1993) Gel electrophoresis of proteins. BioS Scientific Publishers Alden Press, Oxford
Garreis JI (1983) Quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins. Methods Enzymol 100: 411–423
Garrels JI (1989) The QUEST system for quantitative analysis of two-dimensional gels. J Biol Chem 264: 5269–5282
Garrels JI, Futcher B, Kobayashi R, Latter GI, Schwender B, Volpe T, Warner JR, McLaughlin CS (1994) Protein identification for a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein database. Electrophoresis 11: 1466–1490
Garrels JI, McLaughlin CS, Warner JR, Futcher B, Latter GI, Kobayashi R, Schwender B, Volpe T, Anderson DS, Mesquita-Fuentes R, Payne WE (1997) Proteome studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: identification and characterization of abundant proteins. Electrophoresis 18: 1347–1360
Gevaert K, Verscheide J-L, Puype M, Van Damme J, Goethals M, De Boeck S, Vandekerckhove S (1996) Structural analysis and identification of gel-purified proteins, available in the femtomole range, using a novel computer program for peptide sequence assignment, by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-reflectron time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 17: 918–924
Johnston RF, Pickett SC, Barker DL (1990) Autoradiography using storage phosphor technology. Electrophoresis 11: 355–360
Klose J (1975) Protein mapping by combined isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis in mouse tissues. A novel approach to testing for induced point mutation in mammals. Humangenetik 26: 231–243
Klose J, Feller M (1981) Two-dimensional electrophoresis of membrane and cytosol proteins of mouse liver and brain. Electrophoresis 2: 12–24
Klose J, Kobalz U (1995) Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins: an updated protocol and implications for a functional analysis of the genome. Electrophoresis 16: 1034–1059
Kristensen DB, Inamatsu M, Yoshizato K (1997) Elution concentration of proteins cut from two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels using Pasteur pipettes. Electrophoresis 18: 2078–2084
Link AJ, Robison K, Church GM (1997) Comparing the predicted and observed properties of proteins encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. Electrophoresis 18: 1259–1313
Lopez MF, Patton WF (1997) Reproducibility of polypeptide spot positions in two-dimensional gels run using carrier ampholytes in the isoelectric focusing dimension. Electrophoresis 18: 338–343
Maillet I, Lagniel G, Perrot M, Boucherie H, Labarre J (1996) Rapid identification of yeast proteins on two-dimensional gels. J Biol Chem 271: 10263–10270
O’Farrell PH (1975) High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. J Biol Chem 250: 4007–4021
O’Farrell PZ, Goodman HM, O’Farrell PH (1977) High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of basic as well as acidic proteins. Cell 12: 1133–1142
Rabilloud T (1996) Solubilization of proteins for electrophoretic analyses. Electrophoresis 17: 813–829
Ramagli LS, Rodriguez LV (1985) Quantitation of microgram amounts of protein in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis sample buffer. Electrophoresis 6: 559–563
Rasmussen H-H, Van Damme J, Puype M, Celis E-J, Vandekerkhove J (1991) Microsequencing of proteins recorded in human two-dimensional gel protein databases. Electrophoresis 12: 873–882
Reynolds JA, Tanford C (1970) Binding of dodecyl sulfate to proteins at high binding ratios. Possible implications for the state of proteins in biological membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 66: 1002–1007
Rickwood D, Alec J, Chambers A, Spragg SP (1990) Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In: Hames BD, Rickwood D (eds) Gel electrophoresis of proteins. A practical approach. IRL Press, Oxford
Schevchenko A, Jensen ON, Podtelejnikov AV, Sagliocco F, Wilm M, Vorme O, Mortensen P, Schevchenko A, Boucherie H, Mann M (1996) Linking genome and proteome by mass spectrometry: large scale identification of yeast proteins from two-dimensional gels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 14440–14445
Weber K, Osborn M (1969) The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Biol Chem 244: 4406–4412
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Monribot, C., Boucherie, H. (2000). Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis with Carrier Ampholytes. In: Rabilloud, T. (eds) Proteome Research: Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Identification Methods. Principles and Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57105-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57105-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-65792-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57105-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive