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Umwandlung von Spurenstoffen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Atmosphäre

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Handbuch der Umweltveränderungen und Ökotoxikologie

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Zusammenfassung

Die Atmosphäre wird in diesem Kapitel vor allem aus der Perspektive des Transports von Luftmassen und deren Eigenschaften betrachtet. Man hat zwischen physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Luft zu unterscheiden, die durch Zustandsgrößen wie Temperatur oder Wind auf der einen Seite und Konzentrationen oder Mischungsverhältnissen auf der anderen Seite beschrieben werden. Durch Luftbewegungen transportierte Eigenschaften werden als Flüsse bezeichnet, also Massenfluß, Wärmefluß oder Impulsfluß auf der physikalischen Seite und Spurenstofffluß (etwa Ozonfluß, Wasserdampf-oder Feuchtefluß, CO2-Fluß) auf der chemischen Seite. Diese Flüsse führen bei Spurenstoffen im allgemeinen zu einer Verdünnung, d. h. Konzentrationsabnahme. Das geschieht durch Transport von den Quellen oder Anhäufungsgebieten weg und durch Vermischung mit Luftmassen, die geringere Konzentrationen des transportierten Stoffes aufweisen, ferner durch Transport zu Senkengebieten hin. Ein solches ist die Erdoberfläche für viele Luftbeimengungen, die dort deponiert werden (s. Bd. 1B, Kap. 2). Doch unter gewissen Umständen kann der Transport auch zu Anhäufungen von Schadstoffen führen. Das geschieht, wenn verschmutzte kalte Luft in ein Tal abfließt und sich dort ansammelt. Ein anderes Beispiel, das die beobachtete Ozonverteilung in der Stratosphäre betrifft, ist die Anhäufung von Ozon, das in niedrigen Breiten erzeugt wird, durch konvergenten Ozonmassenfluß in mittleren und höheren Breiten (Fabian 1992).

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Authors
  1. A. Ebel
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  2. J. Staehelin
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  3. A. S. H. Prévôt
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  4. I. Barnes
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  5. R. Zellner
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fachbereich 9, Bio- und Geowissenschaften, Landschaftsarchitektur, Universität GH Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45117, Essen

    Robert Guderian

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Ebel, A., Staehelin, J., Prévôt, A.S.H., Barnes, I., Zellner, R. (2000). Umwandlung von Spurenstoffen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Atmosphäre. In: Guderian, R. (eds) Handbuch der Umweltveränderungen und Ökotoxikologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57087-2_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57087-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63037-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57087-2

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