Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pharmacology of Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels

  • Chapter
Pharmacology of Ionic Channel Function: Activators and Inhibitors

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 147))

  • 325 Accesses

Abstract

Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels play an important role in many cellular functions correlated with changes in excitability. Their functions range from the setting of basal levels of membrane potential to shaping action potentials in excitable cells (PAPAZIAN et al. 1987). About a decade ago, the first Kv channel cDNAs were cloned from Drosophila (KAMS et al. 1987; PONGS et al. 1988; TEMPEL et al. 1988) and mammals (STÜHMER et al. 1988, 1989). The cDNAs encoded -in comparison to the then known Ca-and Na-channel a-subunits-considerably smaller protein sequences. Their analysis showed that Kv a-subunits contain a membrane-spanning core region with six hydrophobic transmembrane segments (S1—S6) flanked by hydrophilic amino-and carboxyterminal sequences. They are exposed to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. Subsequently, it was shown that four Kva-subunits make up a functional Kv channel (see Fig.1) (MACKINNroN 1991). Assembly of the four subunits may occur in the form of oligo-or heteromultimers (IsACOFF et al. 1990; RUPPERSBERG et al. 1990; CHRISTIE et al. 1990). In fact, assembly of Kva-subunits to heteromultimers appears to be a wide spread phenomenon in eukaryotic cells, making it difficult to correlate native potassium outward-currents with cloned Kv channel subunits. Nevertheless, heterologous expression studies with cloned Kv channel subunits have shown that the various homo-and heteromultimeric Kv channel assemblies may mediate the whole spectrum of rapidly-to non-inactivating outward currents observed in physiological studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 429.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 549.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aiyar J, Withka JM, Rizzi JP, Singleton DH, Andrews GC, Lin W, Boyd J, Hanson DC, Simon M, Dethlefs B, Lee CL, Hall JE, Gutman GA, Chandy KG (1995) Topology of the pore-region of a K’ channel revealed by the NMR-derived structures of scorpion toxins, Neuron 15:1169–1181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benishin CG, Sorensen RG, Brown WE, Kreuger BK, Blaustein MP (1988) Four polypeptide components of green mamba venom selectively block certain potassium channels in rat brain synaptosomes, Mol Pharmacol 34:152–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bontems F, Roumestand C, Boyot P, Gilquin B, Doljanski Y, Menez A, Toma F (1991a) Three-dimensional structure of natural charybdotoxin in aqueous solution by ’NNMR, Eur J Biochem 196:119–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bontems F, Roumestand C, Gilquin B, Menez A, Toma F (1991b) Refined structure of charybdotoxin: common motifs in scorpion toxins and insect defensins, Science 254: 1521–1523

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandy G, Gutman GA (1994) Voltage-gated K’ channels. In: North RA (ed) Hand-book of Receptors and Channels. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 1–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlier C, Singh NA, Ryan SG, Lewis TB, Reus BE, Leach RJ, Leppert M (1998) A pore mutation in a novel KQT-like potassium channel gene in an idiopathic epilepsy family, Nature Genet 18:53–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi KL, Aldrich RW, Yellen G (1991) Tetraethylammonium blockade distinguishes two inactivation mechanisms in voltage-gated K’ channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:5092–5095

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christie MJ, North RA, Osborne PB, Douglass J, Adelman JP (1990) Heteropolymeric potassium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes from cloned subunits, Neuron 4:405–411

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crest M, Jacquet G Gola M, Zerrouk H, Benslimane A, Rochat H, Mansuelle P, MartinEauclaire MF (1992) Kaliotoxin, a novel peptidyl inhibitor of neuronal BK-type Ca2’-activated K’ channels characterized from Androctonus mauretanicus venom. J Biol Chem 267:1640–1647

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dauplais M, Lecoq A, Song J, Cotton J, Jamin N, Gilquin B, Roumestand C, Vita C, de Medeiros CLC, Rowan EG, Harvey AL, Menez A (1997) On the convergent evolution of animal toxins. Conservation of a diad of functional residues in potassium channel-blocking toxins with unrelated structures. J Biol Chem 272:4302–4309

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diochot S, Schweitz H, Béress L, Lazdunski M (1998) Sea anemone peptides with a specific blocking activity against the fast inactivating potassium channel Kv3.4. J Biol Chem 273:6744–6749

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle DA, Cabral JM, Pfuetzner RA, Kuo A, Gulbis JM, Cohen SL, Chait BT, MacKinnon R (1998) The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K’ conduction and selectivity. Science 280:69–77

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll PC, Gronenborn AM, Beress L, Clore GM (1989) Determination of the three-dimensional solution structure of the antihypertensive and antiviral protein BDSI from the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata: a study using nuclear magnetic resonance and hybrid distance geometry-dynamical simulated annealing. Biochemistry 28:2188–2198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durrell SR, Guy HR (1996) Structural model of the outer verstibule and selectivity filter of the Shaker voltage-gated K’ channel. Neuropharmacology 35:761–773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foray MF, Lancelin JM, Hollecker M, Marion D (1993) Sequence-specific 1H-NMR assignment and secondary structure of black mamba dendrotoxin I, a highly selective blocker of voltage-gated potassium channels. Eur J Biochem 211:813–820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galvez A, Gimenez-Gallelgo G, Reuben JP, Roy-Contancin L, Feigenbaum P, Kaczorowski GJ, Garcia ML (1990) Purification and characzerization of a unique potent peptidyl probe for high conductance calcium-activated potassium channel from venom of the scorpion Buthus tamulus. J Biol Chem 265:11,083–11,090

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia ML, Garcia-Calvo M, Hidalgo P, Lee A, MacKinnon R (1994) Purification and characterization of three inhibitors of voltage-dependent K’ channels from Leiurus quinquestriatus var Hebraeus venom. Biochemistry 33:6834–6839

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Calvo M, Leonard RJ, Novick J, Stevens SP, Schmalhofer W, Kaczorowski GJ, Garcia ML (1993) Purification, characterization, and biosynthesis of margatoxin, a component of Centruroides margaritatus venom that selectively inhibits voltage-dependent potassium channels. J Biol Chem 268:18866–18874

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gendeh GS, Young LC, de Medeiros CLC., Jeyaseelan K, Harvey AL, Chung MCM (1997) A new potassium channel from the sea anemone Heteractis magnifica: isolation, eDNA cloning, and functional expression. Biochemistry 36:11461–11471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gimenez-Gallego G, Naiva MA, Reuben JP, Katz JP, Kaczorowski GJ, Garcia ML (1988) Purification, sequence, and model structure of charybdotoxin, a potent selective inhibitor of calcium-activated potassium channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:3329–3333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein SAN, Miller C (1993) Mechanism of charybdotoxin block of a voltage-gated K channel. Biophys J 65:1613–1619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein SAN, Pheasant DJ, Miller C (1994) The charybdotoxin receptor of a Shaker Ka channel: peptide and channel residues mediating molecular recognition. Neuron 12:1377–1388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez JM, Lorra C, Pardo LA, Stühmer W, Pongs O, Heinemann SH, Elliott AA (1997) Molecular basis for different pore properties of potassium channels from the rat brain Kvl gene family. Pflügers Archiv 434:661–668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grishin EV, Yu V, Korolkova SA, Lipkin AV, Nosyreva ED, Pluzhnikov KA, Sukhanov, SV, Volkova TM (1996) Structure and function of the potassium channel inhibitor from black scorpion venom. Pure & Appl Chem 68:2105–2109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grissmer S, Nguyen AN, Aiyar J, Hanson DDC, Mather RJ, Gutman GA, Karmilowicz MJ, Auperin DD, Chandy G (1994) Pharmacological characterization of five cloned voltage-gated K’ channels, types Kvl.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kvl.5, and 3.1, stably expressed in mammalian cell lines. Mol Pharm 45:1227–1234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross A, MacKinnon R (1996) Agitoxin footprinting the Shaker potassium channel pore. Neuron 16:399–406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gruppe A, Schroter KH, Ruppersberg JP, Stocker M, Drewes T, Beckh S, Pongs O (1990) Cloning and expression of a human voltage-gated potassium channel A novel member of the RCK potassium channel family. EMBO J 9:1749–1756

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanner M, Schmalhofer WA, Munujos P, Knaus HG, Kaczorowski GJ, Garcia ML (1997) The ß subunit of the high-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel contributes to the high-affinity receptor for charybdotoxin. Proc. Natl Acad SciUSA 94:2853–2858

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann HA, Kirsch GE, Drewe JA, Joho R, Brown AM (1991) Exchange of conduction pathways between two related K’ channels. Science 251:942–944

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey AL, Anderson AJ (1985) Dendrotoxins: snake toxins that block potassium channels and facilitate neurotransmitter release. Pharmacol Ther 31:33–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey AL, Vantapour EG, Rowan EG, Pinkkasfeld S, Vita C, Menez A, MartinEauclaire MF (1995) Structure-activity studies on scorpion toxins that block potassium channels. Toxicon 33:425–436

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heginbotham L, Lu Z, Abramson T, MacKinnon R (1994) Mutations in the K’ channel signature sequence. Biophys J 66:1061–1067

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinemann SH, Rettig J, Graack HR, Pongs O (1996) Functional characterisation of Kv-channel ß-subunit from rat brain. J Physiol 4933:625–633

    Google Scholar 

  • Hidalgo P, MacKinnon R (1995) Revealing the architecture of a K’ channel pore through mutant cycles with a peptide inhibitor. Science 268:307–310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hille B (1992) Ionic channels of excitable membranes, 2nd edn. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoshi T, Zagotta WN, Aldrich RW (1990) Biophysical and molecular mechanisms of Shaker potassium channel inactivation. Science 250:533–538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurst RS, Busch AE, Kavanaugh MP, Osborne PB, North RA, Adelman JP (1991) Identification of amino acid residues involved in dendrotoxin block of rat voltage-dependent potassium channels. Mol Pharmacol 40:572–576

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isacoff EY, Jan YN, Jan LY (1990) Evidence for the formation of heteromultimeric potassium channels in Xenopus oocytes. Nature 345:530–534

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamb A, Iverson LE, Tanouye MA (1987) Molecular characterisation of Shaker, a Drosophila gene that encodes a potassium channel. Cell 50:405–413

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson E, Adem A, Aneiros A, Castaneda O, Harvey AL Jolkkonen M, Sotolongo V (1991) New toxins from marine organism. Toxicon 29:1168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kharrat R, Mansuelle F, Sampieri F, Crest M, Oughideni R, Van Rietschoten J, MartinEauclaire MF, El Ayeb M (1997) Maurotoxin, a four disulfide bridge toxin from Scorpio maurus venom: purification, structure and action on potassium channels. FEBS Lett 406:284–290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koschak A, Bugianesi RM, Mitterdorfer J, Kaczorowski GJ, Garcia ML, Knaus HG (1998) Subunit composition of brain voltage-gated potassium channels determined by hongotoxin-1, a novel peptide derived from Centruroides limbatus venom. J Biol Chem 27:32639–32644

    Google Scholar 

  • Krovetz HS, VanDongen HMA and VanDongen AMJ (1997) Atomic distance estimates from disulfides and high-affinity metal-binding sites in a K+ channel pore. Biophysic J 72:117–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lancelin JM, Foray MF, Poncin M, Hollecker M, Marion D (1994) Proteinase inhibitor homologues as potassium channel blockers. Nat Struct Biol 1:246–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laraba-Djebari F, Legros C, Crest M, Céard B, Romi R, Mansuelle P, Jacquet G, Van Rietschtoten J, Gola M, Rochat H, Bougis PE, Martin-Eauclaire MF (1994) The Kaliotoxin family enlarged Purification, characterization, and precursor nucleotide sequence of KTX2 from Androctonus australis venom. J Biol Chem 269: 32835–32843

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lebrun B, Romi-Lebrun R, Martin-Eauclaire MF, Yasuda A, Ishiguro M, Oyama Y, Pongs O, Nakajima T (1997) A four-disulfide-bridged toxin, with high affinity towards voltage-gated K+ channels, isolated from Heterometrus spinnifer (Scorpionidae) venom. Biochem J 32:8321–8327

    Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Jan YN, Jan LY (1992) Specification of subunit assembly by the hydrophilic amino-terminal domain of the Shaker potassium channel. Science 257:1225–1240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipkind GM, Fozzard HA (1997) A model of scorpion toxin binding to voltage-gated K+ channels. J Membrane Biol 158:187–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez GA, Jan YN, Jan LY (1994) Evidence that the S6 segment of the Shaker voltage-gated K’ channel comprises part of the pore. Nature 367:179–182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucchesi K, Ravindran A, Young H, Moczydlowski EJ (1989) Analysis of the blocking activity of charybdotoxin homologs and iodinated derivatives against Cat+-activated K` channels. Memb Biol 109:269–281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig A, Zong X, Jeglitsch M, Hofmann F, Biel M (1998) A family of hyperpolarization -activated mammalian cation channels. Nature 393:587–591

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon R, Cohen SL, Kuo A, Lee A, Chait BT (1998) Structural conservation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic potassium channels. Science 280:106–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon R (1991) Determination of the subunit stoichiometry of a voltage-activated potassium channel. Nature 350:232–235

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin BM, Ramirez AN, Gurrola GB, Nobile M, Prestipino G, Possani L (1994) Novel K’ channel-blocking toxins from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides limpidus Karsch. Biochem J 304:51–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller C (1995) The charybdotoxine family of K’ channel-blocking peptides. Neuron 15:5–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naini A, Miller C (1996) A symmetry-driven search for electrostatic interaction partners in Charybdotoxin and a voltage-gated K’ channel. Biochemistry 35:6181–6187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naranjo D, Miller C (1996) A strongly interacting pair of residues on the contact surface of Charybdotoxin and a Shaker K’ Channel. Neuron 16:123–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olamendi-Portugal T, Gomez-Lagunas F, Gurrola GB, Possani LD (1996) A novel structural class of K`-channel blocking toxin from the scorpion Pandinus impera-tor. Biochem J 315:977–981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olivera BM, Rivier J, Clark C, Ramilo CA, Corpuz GP, Abogadie FC, Mena EE, Woodward SR, Hillyard DR, Cruz LJ (1990) Diversity of Conus neuropeptides. Science 249:257–263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papazian DM, Schwarz TL, Tempel BL, Jan YN, Jan JY (1987) Cloning of genomic and complementary DNA from Shaker, a putative potassium channel gene from Drosophila. Science 237:749–753

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papazian DM, Timpe LC, Jan YN, Jan LY (1991) Alteration of voltage dependence of Shaker potassium channel by mutations in the S4 sequence. Nature 349:305–310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parcej DN, Dolly JO (1989) Dendrotoxin receptor from bovine synaptic plasma membranes Binding properties, purification and subunit composition of a putative constituent of certain voltage-activated K’ channels. Biochem J. 257:899–903

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parcej DN, Scott VES, Dolly JO (1992) Oligomeric properties of a a-dendrotoxinsensitive potassium channels purified from bovine brain. Biochemistry 31:11084–11088

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel AJ, Lazdunski M, Honoré E (1997) Kv2.1/Kv9.3, a novel ATP-dependent delayed-rectifier K’ channel in oxygen-sensitive pulmonary artery myocytes. EMBO J 16:6615–6625

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pennington MW, Byrnes ME, Zaydenberg I, Khaytin I, De Chastonay J, Krafte DS Hill R, Mahnir VM, Volberg WA, Gorczyca W, Kern WR (1995) Chemical synthesis and characterization of ShK toxin: a potent potassium channel inhibitor from a sea anemone. Int J Peptide Protein Res 46:354–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pongs O, Kecskemethy N, Müller R, Krah-Jentgens I, Baumann A, Kiltz HH, Canal I, Lamazares S, Ferrus A (1988) Shaker encodes a family of putative potassium channel proteins in the nervous system of Drosophila EMBO J 7:1087–1096

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Possani LD, Martin BM, Svendsen I (1982) The primary structure of noxiustoxin: a K’ channel blocking peptide, purified from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides noxius hoffmann. Carlsberg Res Comm 47:285–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Post MA, Kirsch GE, Brown AM (1996) Kv2.1 and electrically silent Kv6.1 potassium channel subunits combine and express a novel current. FEBS Letters 399:177–182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rehm H, Lazdunski M (1988) Purification and subunit structure of a putative K’ channel protein identified by its binding properties for dendrotoxin I. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:4919–4923

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reid PF, Pongs O, Dolly JO (1992) Cloning of a bovine voltage-gated K’ channel gene utilising partial amino acid sequence of a dendrotoxin-binding protein from brain cortex. FEBS Lett 302:31–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rettig R, Heinemann RH, Wunder F, Lorra C, Parcej DN, Dolly JO, Pongs O (1994) Inactivation properties of voltage-gated K’ channels altered by presence of /3-subunit. Nature 369:289–294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roeper J, Sewing S, Zhang Y, Sommer T, Wanner SG, Pongs O, (1998) NIP domain prevents N-type inactivation in voltage-gated potassium channels. Nature 391:390–393

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogowski RS, Collins JH, O’Neill TJ, Gustafson TA, Werkman TR, Rogowski MA, Tenenholz TC, Weber DJ, Blaustein MP (1996) Three new toxins from the scorpion Pandinus imperator selectively block certain voltage-gated K` channels. Mol Pharmacol 50:1167–1177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogowski RS, Krueger BK, Collins JH, Blaustein MP (1994) Tityus toxin-Ka blocks voltage-gated non-inactivating K’ channels and unblocks inactivating K’ channels blocked by a-dendrotoxin in synaptosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:1475–1479

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romi-Lebrun R, Lebrun B, Martin-Eauclaire MF, Ishiguro M, Escoubas P, Wu FO, Hisada M, Pongs O, Nakajima T (1997) Purification, characterization, and synthesis of three novel toxins from the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi, which act on K+ channels. Biochemistry, 36:13473–13482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruppersberg JP, Schröter KH, Sakmann B, Stocker M, Sewing S, Pongs O (1990) Heteromultimeric channels formed by rat brain potassium channel proteins. Nature 345:535–537

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salinas M, de Weille J, Guillemare E, Lazdunski M, Hugnot JP (1997) Modes of regulation of Shab K’ channel activity by the Kv8.1 subunit. J Biol Chem 272:8774–8780

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanguinetti MC, Johnson JH, Hammerland LG, Kelbaugh PR, Volkmann RA, Sacco-mano NA, Mueller AL (1997) Heteropodatoxins: peptides isolated from spider venom that block Kv4.2 potassium channels. Mol Pharmacol 51:491–498

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savarin P, Guenneugues M, Gilquin B, Lamthanh H, Gasparini S, Zinn-Justin S, Ménez A (1998) Three-dimensional structure of K-Conotoxin PVIIA, a novel potassium channel-blocking toxin from cone snails. Biochemistry 37:5407–5416

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scanlon MJ, Naranjo D, Thomas L, Alewood PF, Lewis R, Craik DJ (1997) Solution structure and proposed binding mechanism of a novel potassium channel toxin K-conotoxin PVIIA. Structure 5:1585–1597

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schweitz H, Bruhn T, Guillemare E, Moinier D, Lancelin JM, Beress L, Lazdunski M (1995) Kalciludine and Kaliseptine. Two different classes of sea anemon toxins for voltage-sensitive K’ channels. J Biol Chem 270:25121–25126

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott VES, Parcej DN, Keen JN, Findlay JB, Pongs O, Dolly J.O. (1990) a-dendrotoxin acceptor from bovine brain is a K’ channel protein: evidence from the N-terminal sequence of its larger subunit. J Biol Chem 265:20094–20097

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seoh SA, Sigg D, Papazian DM, Bezanilla F (1996) Voltage-sensing residues in the S2 and S4 segments of the Shaker K’ channel. Neuron 16:1159–1167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sewing S, Roeper J, Pongs O (1996) Kv/31 subunit binding specific for Shaker-related potassium channel a-subunits. Neuron 16:455–463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen V, Pfaffinger P (1995) Molecular recognition and assembly sequences involved in the subfamily-specific assembly of voltage-gated K’ channel subunit proteins. Neuron 14:625–633

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi G, Nakahira K, Hammond S, Rhodes KJ, Schechter LE, Trimmer JS (1996) Beta subunits promote K+ channel surface expression through effects early in biosynthesis. Neuron 16:843–852

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shon KJ, Stocker M, Terlau H, Stühmer W, Jacobsen R, Walker C, Grilley M, Watkins M, Hillyard DR, Gray WR, Olivera BM (1998) kappa-Conotoxin PVIIA is a peptide inhibiting the Shaker K+ channel. J Biol Chem 273:33–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith LA, Olson MA, Lafaye PJ, Dolly JO (1995) Cloning and expression of mamba toxins. Toxicon 33:459–474

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith LA, Reid PF, Wang FC, Parcej DN, Schmidt JJ, Olson MA, Dolly JO (1997) Site-directed mutagenesis of Dendrotoxin K reveals amino acids critical for its interaction with neuronal K’ channels. Biochemistry 36:7690–7696

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stühmer W, Ruppersberg JP, Schröter KH, Sakmann B, Stocker M, Giese KP, Perschke A, Baumann A, Pongs O (1989) Molecular basis of functional diversity of voltage-gated potassium channels in mammalian brain. EMBO J 8:3235–3244

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stühmer W, Stocker U, Sakmann B, Seeburg P, Baumann A, Gruppe A, Pongs O (1988) Potassium channels expressed from rat brain cDNA have delayed rectifier properties. FEBS Lett 241:199–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swartz KJ, MacKinnon R (1995) An inhibitor of the Kv2.1 potassium channel isolated from the venom of a Chilean tarantula. Neuron 15:941–949

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swartz KJ, MacKinnon R (1997a) Mapping the receptor site for Hanatoxin a gating modifier of voltage-dependent K` channels. Neuron 18:675–682

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swartz KJ, MacKinnon R (1997b) Hanatoxin modifies the gating of a voltage-dependent K+ channel through multiple binding sites. Neuron 18:665–673

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang CY, Papazian DM (1997) Transfer of voltage independence from a rat olfactory channel to the Drosophila ether-à-go-go K+ channel. J Gen Physiol 109:301–311

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tempel BL, Jan YN, Jan LY (1988) Cloning of a probable potassium channel gene from mouse brain. Nature 332:837–839

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terlau H, Shon KJ, Grillez M, Stocker M, Stühmer W, Olivera BM (1996) Strategy for rapid immobilization of prey by a fish-hunting marine snail. Nature 381:148–151

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tudor JE, Pallaghy PK, Pennington MW, Norton RS (1996) Solution structure of ShK toxin, a novel potassium channel inhibitor from a sea anemone. Nat Struct Biol 33:317–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tytgat J, Debont T, Carmeliet E, Daenens P (1995) The a-Dendrotoxin footprint on a mammalian potassium channel. J Biol Chem 270:24776–24781

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yool AJ, Schwarz TL (1991) Alteration of ionic selectivity of a K+ channel by mutations of the H5 region. Nature 349:700–704

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu W, Xu J, Li M (1996) NAB domain is essential for the subunit assembly of both a-a and a-ß complexes of Shaker-like potassium channels. Neuron 16:441–453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. O. Pongs
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. Legros
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Saitama Medical School, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama Iruma-Gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan

    Makato Endo M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Pharmacology II Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Yoshihisa Kurachi

  3. Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Masayoshi Mishina

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pongs, O., Legros, C. (2000). Pharmacology of Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels. In: Endo, M., Kurachi, Y., Mishina, M. (eds) Pharmacology of Ionic Channel Function: Activators and Inhibitors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 147. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57083-4_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57083-4_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63030-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57083-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation