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Nitric Oxide and Regulation of Vascular Tone

  • Chapter
Nitric Oxide

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 143))

Abstract

In all higher organisms, the cardiovascular system represents an elaborated transport network, which is essential for the maintenance of vital functions by supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissue and removing by-products of metabolism. In order to adapt to the varying demands of the tissues, the circulatory system has evolved central and local control mechanisms that act in concert to maintain an adequate blood flow. At a given blood pressure, the blood flow to each organ is determined by the peripheral vascular resistance of this organ, which is adjusted by a variety of local mechanisms affecting the tone of the smooth muscle cells in the so-called resistance vessels, i.e. small terminal arteries and large and small arterioles. In the last two decades, a large body of experimental and clinical evidence has been accumulated, demonstrating that nitric oxide (NO) released from endothelial cells is a crucial regulator of arterial conductance and, in this way, plays an indispensable role in the adequate adjustment of tissue perfusion.

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  1. R. Busse
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  2. I. Fleming
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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Bernd Mayer

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Busse, R., Fleming, I. (2000). Nitric Oxide and Regulation of Vascular Tone. In: Mayer, B. (eds) Nitric Oxide. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 143. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57077-3_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57077-3_9

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