Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Pathologie der Leber und Gallenwege pp 520–611Cite as

Intrahepatische Cholangitis

  • Chapter

  • 122 Accesses

Part of the book series: Spezielle pathologische Anatomie ((SPEZIELLE,volume 10))

Zusammenfassung

Cholangitiden stellen nach Ätiologie, Pathogenese und Morphologie eine vergleichsweise inhomogene Gruppe intra- und intra-extrahepatischer Erkrankungen dar. Gemeinsam ist alien Formen, daß ein wie auch immer ausgelöster und gearteter entzündlicher Prozeß das Drainagesystem der Leber erfaßt, der mehr oder minder rasch, häufiger noch schleichend den parenchymalen Organbestand einbeziehen und gefährden kann und der spätestens dann lebensbedrohliche Veränderungen mit sich bringt. Dergleichen Cholangitiden werden im Folgenden nur insoweit besprochen, als sie das intrahepatische Gangsystem betreffen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Adams DH, Hubscher SG, Shaw J, Johnson GD, Babbs C, Rothlein R, Neuberger JM (1991) Increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 14:426–431

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Addison T, Gull W (1851) On a certain affection of the skin vitiligoidea — α plana, β tuberosa. Guy’s Hosp Rep 7:265

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahrens EH jr, Payne MA, Kunkel HG, Eisenmenger WJ, Blondheim SH (1950) Primary biliary cirrhosis. Medicine 29:299–364

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akisawa N, Maeda T, Iwasaki S, Onishi S (1997) Identification of an autoantibody against alphaenolase in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 26:845–851

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alberti-Flor JJ, Jeffers L, Schiff ER (1984) Primary sclerosing cholangitis occuring in a patient with systemic lupus erythematodes and diabetes mellitus. Am J Gastroenterol 79:889–891

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altmann H-W (1980) Die granulomatösen Reaktionen der Leber. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 64:152–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altmann H-W, Kühn HA (1979) Die biliären Zirrhosen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der sogenannten primären biliären Zirrhose. In: Kühn HA, Wernze H (Hrsg) Klinische Hepatologie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 323–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson AJ, Caroli WW (1964) Sclerosing cholangitis — association with regional enteritis. J Am Med Assoc 188:183–184

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bach N, Schaffner F (1994) Familial primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 20:698–701

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ballardini G, Mirakian R, Bianchi FB, Pisi E, Doniach D, Botazzo GF (1984) Aberrant expression of HLA-DR antigens on bile duct epithelium in primary biliary cirrhosis: relevance to pathogenesis. Lancet 2:1009–1013

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bangaru B, Morecki R, Glaser JH, Gartner LM, Horwitz MS (1980) Comparative studies of biliary atresia in the human newborn and reovirus-induced cholangitis in weanling mice. Lab Invest 43:456–462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baron TH, Koehler RE, Rodgers WH, Fallon MB, Ferguson SM (1995) Mast cell cholangiopathy: another cause of sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 109:1677–1681

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassendine MF, Jones DEJ, Yeaman SJ (1987) Biochemistry and autoimmune response to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 17:48–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Baum H (1989) Nature of the mitochondrial antigens of primary biliary cirrhosis and their possible relationships to the etiology of the disease. Semin Liver Dis 9:117–123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedossa P, Houry S, Bacci J, Martin E, Lemaigre G, Huguier M (1989) A longitudinal study of histologic and immunohistologic changes in an experimental model of sclerosing cholangitis. Virchows Arch A 414:165–171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ari Z, Dhillon AP, Sherlock S (1993) Autoimmune cholangiopathy: part of the spectrum of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology 18:10–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berg PA, Klein R (1992) Antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. A clue to its etiopathogenesis? J Hepatol 15:6–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berg PA, Klein R, Lindenborn-Fotinos J (1986) Anti-mitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2:123–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berninger RW, Kellis RA de, Kaplan MM (1985) Liver disease and the PI Elemberg M phenotype of alpha-1-antitrypsin. Am J Clin Pathol 83:503–506

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernuau D, Feldmann G, Degott C, Gisselbrecht C (1981) Ultrastructural lesions of bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis. A comparison with the lesions observed in graft versus host disease. Hum Pathol 12:782–793

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhathal PS, Powell LW (1969) Primary intrahepatic cholangitis, a possible variant of sclerosing cholangitis. Gut 10:886–893

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blachere P, Remacle JP, Monges B, Richieri JP, Pin G, Salducci J (1981) Cholangite sclerosante primitive associee a une maladie de Crohn. Une observation. Ann Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:27–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Blenkharn JI, McPherson GAD, Blumgart LH (1984) Septic complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Evaluation of a new closed drainage system. Am J Surg 147:318–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bodenheimer HC, LaRusso NF, Thayer WR, Charland C, Staples PJ, Ludwig J (1983) Elevated circulating immune complexes in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 3:150–154

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brentnall TA, Haggitt RC, Rabinovich PS, Kimmey MB, Bronner MP, Levine DS et al. (1996) Risk and natural history of colonic neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 110:331–338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broomé U, Eriksson LS (1994) Assessment for liver transplantation in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 20:654–659

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broomé U, Hultzcranz R, Scheynius A (1993) Lack of concomitant expression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR on bile duct cells from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 28:126–130

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broomé U, Olsson R, Lööf L, Bodemar G, Hultcrantz R, Danielsson A et al. (1996) Natural history and prognostic factors in 305 Swedish patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut 38:610–615

    Google Scholar 

  • Broomé U, Grunewald J, Scheynius A, Olerup O, Hultcrantz R (1997) Preferential V-Beta-3 usage by hepatic T lymphocytes in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 26: 527–534

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brunner G, Klinge O (1987) Ein der chronisch-destruierenden nicht-eitrigen Cholangitis ahnliches Krankheitsbild mit antinuklearen Antikorpern (Immuncholangitis). Dtsch Med Wochenschr 112:1454–1458

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butron Vila MM, Hart J, Desmet VJ (1984) Cholestatic features in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Liver 4:387–395

    Google Scholar 

  • Cangemi JR, Wiesner RH, Beaver SJ, Ludwig J, MacCarty RL, Dozois RR et al. (1989) Effects of proctocolectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis on the natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 96:790–794

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carmona RH, Crass RA, Lim RC, Trunkey DD (1984) Oriental cholangitis. Am J Surg 148:117–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrougher JG, Shaffer RT, Canales LI, Goodman ZD (1991) A 33-year-old woman with an autoimmune syndrome. Semin Liver Dis 11:256–262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cello JP (1989) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cholangiopathy: spectrum of disease. Am J Med 86:539–546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cello JP, Baumgartel ED, Filly RA, Goldberg HI, Margulis AR, Ockner RK et al. (1977) Cholestasis in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 73:357–374

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman RWG (1991) Role of immune factors in the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin Liver Dis 11:1–4

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman RWG, Marborgh BA, Rhodes JM, Summerfiled JA, Dick R, Scheuer PJ, Sherlock S (1980) Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review of its clinical features, cholangiography, and hepatic histology. Gut 21:870–877

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman RWG, Burroughs AK, Bass NM, Sherlock S (1981) Long-standing asymptomatic primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci 26:778–782

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman RWG, Selby W, Shepherd H, Sherlock S, Jewell DP (1983) Serum anti-colon antibodies, ulcerative colitis and sclerosing cholangitis. Gut 24:474

    Google Scholar 

  • Chedid A, Spellberg MA, DeBeer RA (1974) Ultrastructural aspects of primary biliary cirrhosis and other types of cholestatic liver disease. Gastroenterology 67:858–869

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng FCY (1980) Primary cholangitis (recurrent pyogenic cholangitis) in Hong Kong. Trop Gastroenterol 1:175–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherqui D, Palazzo L, Piedbois P, Charlotte F, Duvoux C, Duron J-J et al. (1994) Common bile duct stricture as a lat complication of upper abdominal radiotherapy. J Hepatol 20:693–697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chlumska A, Chlumsky J, Krtek V, Jirkovska A, Pirk F, Skala I (1985) Primary sclerosing cholangitis. Light and electron microscopy of hepatic tissue in two cases. Pathol Res Pract 179:487–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho KJ, Lunderquist A (1983) The peribiliar vascular plexus: the microvascular architecture of the bile duct in the rabbit and in clinical cases. Radiology 147:357–364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christoffersen P, Poulsen H, Scheuer PJ (1972) Abnormal bile duct epithelium in chronic aggressive hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Hum Pathol 3:227–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen S, Kaplan M, Gottlieb L, Patterson J (1971) Liver disease and gallstones in regional enteritis. Gastroenterology 60:237–245

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colucci G, Schaffner F, Paronetto F (1986) In situ characterization of the cell-surface antigens of the mononuclear cell infiltrate and bile duct epithelium in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 41:35–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comings DE, Skubi KB, Eyes J van, Motulsky AG (1967) Familial multifocal fibrosclerosis. Findings suggesting that retroperitoneal fibrosis, mediastinal fibrosis, sclerosing cholangitis, RiedePs thyroiditis, and pseudotumour of the orbit may be different manifestations of a single disease. Ann Intern Med 66:884–892

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook J, Hou PC, Ho HC, McFadzean AJS (1954) Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Br J Surg 42:188–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courvalin J-C, Worman HJ (1997) Nuclear envelope protein autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 17:79–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czaja AJ (1986) Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. In: Czaja AJ, Dickson ER (eds) Chronic active hepatitis: the Mayo Clinic experience. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 105–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Czaja AJ (1994) Chronic graft-versus-host disease and primary biliary cirrhosis: sorting the puzzle pieces. Lab Invest 70:589–592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dauphinee JA, Sinclair JC (1949) Primary biliary cirrhosis. Can Med Ass J 61:1–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies MH, Ngong JM, Pean A, Vickers CR, Waring RH, Elias E (1995) Sulphoxidation and sulphation capacity in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 22:551–560

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deitch EA, Sittig K, Li M, Berg R, Specian RD (1990) Obstructive jaundice promotes bacterial translocation from the gut. Am J Surg 159:79–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demetris AJ, Sevar C, Kakizoe S, Oguma S, Starzl TE, Jaffe R (1989) S 100 protein positive dendritic cells in primary biliary cirrhosis and other chronic inflammatory liver diseases: relevance to pathogenesis? Am J Pathol 134:741–747

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denk H, Scheuer PJ, Baptista A, Bianchi L, Callea F, Groote J de et al. (1994) Guidelines for the diagnosis and interpretation of hepatic granulomas. Histopathology 25:209–218

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Desmet VJ (1986) Current problems in diagnosis of biliary disease and cholestasis. Semin Liver Dis 6:233–245

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Desmet VJ (1987) Cholangiopathies: past, present, and future. Semin Liver Dis 7:67–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dickson ER, Fleming CR, Ludwig J (1978) Primary biliary cirrhosis. Progr Liver Dis 6:487–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Dijkstra M, Vonk RJ, Kuipers F (1996) Hoew does copper get into bile? New insights into the mechanism(s) of hepatobiliary copper transport. J Hepatol 24 (Suppl 1): 109–120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dikengil A, Siskind BN, Morse SS, Swedlund A, Bober-Sorcinelli KE, Burrell MI (1986) Sclerosing cholangitis from intraarterial floxuridine. J Clin Gastroenterol 8:690–693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dineen P (1964) The importance of the route of infection in experimental biliary surgery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 119:1001–1008

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiPalma JA, Strobel CT, Farrow JG (1986) Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with hyperimmunoglobulin M immunodeficiency (dysgammaglobulinemia). Gastroenterology 91: 464–468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson PT, Farrant JM, Wilkinson ML, Hayllar K, Portmann BC, Williams R (1991) Dual association of HLA DR2 and DR3 with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 13:129–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dooley JS (1992) Cholangitis and biliary tract infection. In: McIntyre N, Benhamou J-P, Bircher J, Rizzetto M, Rodes J (eds) Oxford textbook of clinical hepatology, vol II. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 1134–1139

    Google Scholar 

  • Doppman JL, Girton ME (1984) Bile duct scarring following ethanol embolization of the hepatic artery: an experimental study in monkeys. Radiology 152:621–626

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas JG, Finlayson NDC (1979) Are increased individual susceptibility and environmental factors both necessary for the development of primary biliary cirrhosis? Br Med J 2:419–420

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubel L, Farges O, Bismuth H, Sebagh M, Homberg J-C, Johanet C (1995) Kinetics of anti-M2 antibodies after liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 23:674–680

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duerr RH, Targan SR, Landers CJ, LaRusso NF, Lindsay KL, Wiesner RH, Shanahan F (1991)Neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: a link between primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 100:1385–1391

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunsford HA, Maset R, Salman J, Sell S (1985) Connection of duct-like structures induced by a chemical carcinogen to portal bile ducts in the rat liver detected by injection of bile ducts with a pigmented barium gelatine medium. Am J Pathol 118:218–224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Shabrawi M, Wilkinson ML, Portmann B, Mieli-Vergani G, Chong SKF, Williams R, Mowat AP (1987) Primary sclerosing cholangitis in childhood. Gastroenterology 92:1226–1235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein O, Thomas HC, Sherlock S (1980) Primary biliary cirrhosis is a dry gland syndrome with features of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Lancet 11:1166–1168

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein O, Chapman RWG, Lake-Bakaar G, Foo AY, Rosalki SB, Sherlock S (1982a) The pancreas in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 83:1177–1182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein O, Hahn EG, Krauledat PV, Martini GA, Sagiv M, Scheuer PJ, Sherlock S (1982b) Fibroplasia in chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. In: Gerlach U, Pott G, Rautenberg J, Voss B (eds) Connective tissue of the normal and fibrotic human liver. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, pp 112–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Escorsell A, Pares A, Rodes J, Solis-Herruzo JA, Miras M, Morena E de la (1994) Epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Spain. J Hepatol 21:787–791

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eyken P van, Sciot R, Callea F, Steen K van der, Moerma P, Desmet VJ (1988) The development of the intrahepatic bile ducts in man: a keratin-immunohistochemical study. Hepatology 8:1586–1595

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Factor VM, Radaeva SA, Thorgeirsson SS (1984) Origin and fate of oval cells in dipin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the mouse. Am J Pathol 145:409–422

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan ST, Choi TK, Wong J (1991) Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: current management. World J Surg 15:248–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fausa O, Schrumpf E, Elgjo K (1991) Relationship of inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin Liver Dis 11:31–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fee HJ, Gewirtz H, Schiller J, Longmire WP (1977) Sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis — a disease spectrum? Ann Surg 186:589–593

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finegold MJ, Carpenter RJ (1982) Obliterative cholangitis due to cytomegalovirus: a possible precursor of paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts. Hum Pathol 13:662–665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer H-P, Meybehm M, Zhou H, Schoch J (1995) Hepatische Neoductuli. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 79:36–46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freese D, Latimer JS, Gilberstadt S, Kane W, Sharp HL (1982) Sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Pediatr 21:11–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fritz P, Pedal I, Oeffinger B, Tuczek HV, Wagner T, Rühl U et al. (1994) Characterization of bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis and other liver diseases by immunohistochemical demonstration of Lewisa or b antigen. Zentralbl Pathol 140:4–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujio K, Evarts RP, Hu Z, Marsden ER, Thorgeirsson SS (1994) Expression of stem cell factor and its receptor, c-kit, during liver regeneration from putative stem cells in adult rat. Lab Invest 70:511–516

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genève J, Dubuc N, Mathieu D, Zafrani ES, Dhumeaux D, Metreau J-M (1990) Cystic dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 11:196–199

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geubel AP (1994) Radiation-induced bile duct injury: a vanishing cause of obstructive jaundice? J Hepatol 20:687–688

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glenn F, Whitsell JC (1966) Primary sclerosing cholangitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 123:1037–1046

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg MJ, Kaplan MM, Mitamura T, Anderson CL, Matloff DS, Pinn VW, Agnello V (1982) Evidence against an immune complex pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 83:677–683

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gores GJ, Moore SB, Fisher LD, Powell FC, Dickson ER (1987) Primary biliary cirrhosis: associations with class II major histocompatibility complex antigens. Hepatology 7:889–892

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gouw ASH, Haagsma EB, Manns M, Klompmaker IJ, Slooff MJH, Gerber MA (1994) Is there recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis after liver transplantation? A clinicopathologic study in long-term survivors. J Hepatol 20:500–507

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green JE, Hinrichs SH, Vogel J, Jay G (1989) Exocrinopathy resembling Sjogren’s syndrome in HTLV-1 tax transgenic mice. Nature 341:72–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregory WL, Bassendine MF (1994) Genetic factors in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 20:689–692

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grisham JW (1962) A morphologic study of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and cell proliferation in regenerating rat liver. Autoradiography with thymidine H-3. Cancer Res 22:842–849

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grisham JW (1995) Hepatic epithelial stem-like cells. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 79:47–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross JB jr, Ludwig J, Wiesner RH, McCall JT, LaRusso NF (1985) Abnormalities in tests of copper metabolism in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 89:272–278

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grüne S, Müllhaupt B, Moradpour D, Munch R, Siegenthaler-Zuber G, Siegenthaler W (1991) Die primar-sklerosierende Cholangitis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 116:1095–1100

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gur H, Shen G, Sutjita M, Terrberry J, Alosachie I, Barka N et al. (1995) Autoantibody profile of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Pathobiology 63:76–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurian LE, Keefe EB (1982) Pancreatic insufficiency associated with ulcerative colitis and pericholangitis. Gastroenterology 82:581–585

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haagsma EB, Manns M, Klein R, Grond J, Huizenga JR, Slooff MJH et al. (1987) Subtypes of antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis before and after orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatology 7:129–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haglund C, Roberts PJ, Nordling S (1989) Expression of laminin in benign and malignant sclerosing lesions of extrahepatic bile ducts. J Clin Pathol 42:927–930

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall S, Axelsen PH, Larson DE, Bunch T (1984) Systemic lupus erythematosus developing in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Ann Intern Med 100:388–389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanot V (1876) Etude sur une forme de cirrhose hypertrophique du foie (cirrhose hypertrophique avec ictere chronique). JB Balliere, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison RF, Hubscher SG (1991) The spectrum of bile duct lesions in end-stage primary sclerosing cholangitis. Histopathology 19:321–327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto E, Lindor KD, Homburger HA, Dickson ER, Czaja AJ, Wiesner RH, Ludwig J (1993) Immunohistochemical characterization of hepatic lymphocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis in comparison with primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Mayo Clin Proc 68:1049–1055

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hata K, Thiel DH van, Herberman RB, Whiteside TL (1991) Natural killer activity of human liver-derived lymphocytes in various liver diseases. Hepatology 4:495–503

    Google Scholar 

  • Heathcote J (1997) The clinical expression of primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 17:23–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hohn D, Melnick J, Stagg R, Altman D, Friedman M, Ignoffo R, et al. (1985) Biliary sclerosis in patients receiving hepatic arterial infusions of floxuridine. J Clin Oncol 3:98–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hopf U, Moller B, Stemerowicz R, Lobeck H, Rodloff A, Freudenberg M et al. (1989) Relation between escherichia coli R(rough)-forms in gut, lipid A in liver and primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 2:1419–1421

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang T, Bass JA, Williams RD (1962) The significance of biliary pressure in cholangitis. Arch Surg 98:629–632

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubscher SG, Elias E, Buckels JAC, Mayer AD, McMaster P, Neuberger JM (1993) Primary biliary cirrhosis. Histological evidence of disease recurrence after liver transplantation. J Hepatol 18:173–184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishak KG, Irey NS (1972) Hepatic injury associated with phenothiazines: clinicopathologic and follow-up study of 36 patients. Arch Pathol 93:283–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackaman FR, Hilson GRF, Lord Smith of Marlow (1980) Bile bacteria in patients with benign bile duct stricture. Br J Surg 67:329–332

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janssens AR, Bosman FT, Ruiter DJ, Hamer CJ van den (1984a) Immunohistochemical demonstration of the cytoplasmic copper-associated protein in the liver in primary biliary cirrhosis: its identification as metallothionein. Liver 4:139–147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janssens AR, Noord MJ van, Hoek CJG van, Ruiter DJ, Mauw BJ, Hamer CJA van den (1984b) The lysosomal copper concentration in the liver in primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver 4:396–401

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson L, Wirostko E, Wirostko W (1990) Primary biliary cirrhosis in the mouse: induction by human mycoplasma-like organisms. Int J Exp Pathol 71:701–712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston DE, Kaplan MM, Miller KB, Connors CM, Milford EL (1987) Histocompatibility antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 82:1127–1129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joplin R, Gershwin ME (1997) Ductular expression of autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 17:97–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jorge AD, Esley C, Ahumada J (1987) Family incidence of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with immunologic disease. Endoscopy 19:114–117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahana M, Schewach-Millet M, Trau H, Gilon E, Dolev E (1985) Perforating folliculitis in association with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Dermatopathol 7:271–276

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan MM (1987a) Primary biliary cirrhosis. Adv Intern Med 32:359–377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan MM (1987b) Primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 316:521–528

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan MM (1991) Medical approaches to primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin Liver Dis 11:56–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kashi H, Lam FT, Giles GR (1989) Recurrent pyogenic cholangiohepatitis. Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl 71:387–389

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein R, Huizenga JR, Gips CH, Berg PA (1994) Antimitochondrial antibody profiles in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis before orthotopic liver transplantation and titres of antimitochondrial antibody-subtypes after transplantation. J Hepatol 20:181–189

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klinge O (1985) Die intrahepatische sklerosierende Cholangitis. Morphologie, Morphogenese und Diagnose. Pathologe 6:53–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klinge O (1987, 1988) Histopathologic Diagnose und Differentialdiagnose intrahepatischer Cholangitiden. Internistische Praxis 27:465–474,675-682 u. 28:51-61

    Google Scholar 

  • Klöppel G, Seifert G, Lindner H, Dammermann R, Sack HJ, Berg PA (1977) Histopathological features in mixed types of chronic aggressive hepatitis and biliary cirrhosis. Virchows Arch A 374:143–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Kloppel G, Kirchhof M, Berg PA (1982) Natural course of primary biliary cirrhosis. I. A morphological, clinical and serological analysis of 103 cases. Liver 2:141–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi S, Nakanuma Y, Matsui O (1994) Intrahepatic peribiliary vascular plexus in various hepatobiliary diseases: a histological survey. Hum Pathol 25:940–946

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kowdley KV, Knox TA, Kaplan MM (1994) Hepatic copper content is normal in early primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci 39:2416–2420

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krams SM, Water J van de, Coppel RL, Esquivel C, Roberts J, Ansari A, Gershwin ME (1990) Analysis of hepatic T lymphocyte and immunoglobulin deposits in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 12:306–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo C-H, Changchien C-S, Chen J-J, Tai D-I, Chiou S-S, Lee C-M (1995) Septic acute cholecystitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 30:272–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacerda MA, Ludwig J, Dickson ER, Jorgensen RA, Lindor KD (1995) Antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 90:247–249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lasky S, Si L, Whiteside TL, Thiel DH van (1984) Immunologic analysis of mononuclear cells (MNC) in liver tissues and blood in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Hepatology 4:1046

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurin JM, Lindor KD (1994) Primary biliary cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 12:331–350

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeBreque DR, Klatskin G (1980) The various histopathologic presentations of sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 78:1310

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefkowitch JH, Martin EC (1986) Primary sclerosing cholangitis. In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds) Progress in liver disease, vol. VIII. Grune & Stratton, Orlando, pp 557–580

    Google Scholar 

  • Leon MP, Kirby JA, Gibbs P, Burt AD, Bassendine MA (1995) Immunogenicity of biliary epithelial cells: study of the expression of B67 molecules. J Hepatol 22:591–595

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leung PSC, Coppel RL, Ansari A, Munoz S, Gershwin E (1997) Antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 17:61–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtman SN, Sartor RB, Keku J, Schwab JH (1990) Hepatic inflammation in rats with experimental small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Gastroenterology 98:414–423

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim JH (1991) Oriental cholangiohepatitis: pathologic, clinical, and radiologic features. Am J Roentgenol 157:1–8

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindgren S, Eriksson S (1982) IgM in primary biliary cirrhosis: physicochemical and complement activating properties. J Lab Clin Med 99:636–645

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindgren S, Manthorpe R, Eriksson S (1994) Autoimmune liver disease in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. J Hepatol 20:354–358

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindor KD, Wiesner RH, LaRusso NF (1987) Recent advances in the management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin Liver Dis 7:322–327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lobeck H, Hopf U, Gill C, Pohl C, Neuhaus P (1996) Primäre biliäre Zirrhose. Zelluläre Mechanismen und Bedeutung enterobakterieller Antigene. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 80:267–271

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Löfgren J, Järnerot G, Danielsson D, Hemdal I (1985) Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in a defined population in Sweden. Scand J Gastroenterol 20:647–650

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Löhr H, Fleischer B, Gerken G, Yeaman SJ, Meyer zum Büschenfelde K-H, Manns M (1993) Autoreactive liver-infiltrating T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis recognize inner mitochondrial epitopes and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. J Hepatol 18:322–327

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lombardi B (1982) On the nature, properties and significance of oval cells. Rec Trends Chem Carcinogen 1:37–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Long RG, Scheuer PJ, Sherlock S (1977) Presentation and course of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 72:1204–1207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucey MR, Neuberger JM, Williams R (1986) Primary biliary cirrhosis in men. Gut 27:1373–1376

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig J (1991) Small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin Liver Dis 11:11–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig J, Dickson ER, McDonald GSA (1978) Staging of chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis (syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis). Virchows Arch A 379:103–112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig J, Barham SS, LaRusso NF, Elveback LR, Wiesner RH, McCall JT (1981) Morphologic features of chronic hepatitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis. Hepatology 1:632–640

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig J, Czaja AJ, Dickson ER, LaRusso NF (1984) Manifestations of non-suppurative cholangitis in chronic spectrum, clinical correlations and terminology. Liver 4:105–116

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig J, MacCarty RL, LaRusso NF, Krom RAF, Wiesner RH (1986) Intrahepatic cholangiectases and large-duct obliteration in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 6:560–568

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig J, Wiesner RH, Batts KP, Perkins JD, Krom RAF (1987) The acute vanishing bile duct syndrome (acute irreversible rejection) after orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatology 7:476–483

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig J, LaRusso NF, Wiesner RH (1990) The syndrome of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Progr Liver Dis 9:555–566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lüders C-J, Kruck P, Henning H, Look D (1974) Histologische und klinische Untersuchungen zur Differentialdiagnose der aggressiven chronischen Hepatitis und der primären biliären Lebercirrhose. Z Gastroenterol 12:467–484

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lupinetti M, Mehlgan D, Cameron JL (1980) Hepatobiliary complication of ulcerative colitis. Am J Surg 139:113–118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacCarty RL, LaRusso NF, Wiesner RH, Ludwig J (1983) Primary sclerosing cholangitis: findings on cholangiography and pancreatography. Radiology 149:39–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackay IR, Gershwin ME (1989) Primary biliary cirrhosis: current knowledge, perspectives, and future directions. Semin Liver Dis 9:149–157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackay IR, Gershwin ME (1990) Primary biliary cirrhosis: considerations on pathogenesis based on identification of the M2 autoantigens. Springer Semin Immunopathol 12:101–119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacMahon HE, Thannhauser SJ (1949) Xanthomatous biliary cirrhosis (a clinical syndrome). Ann Intern Med 30:120–179

    Google Scholar 

  • MacSween RNM, Burt AD (1985) The cellular pathology of primary biliary cirrhosis. Molec Aspects Med 8:269–291

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacSween RNM, Sumithran E (1981) Histopathology of primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 1:282–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mairose UB, Wurbs D, Classen M (1979) Das Krankheitsbild der primär sklerosierenden Cholangitis. Die Bedeutung der retrograden Cholangiographie für die Diagnosesicherung. Med Klinik 74:453–459

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • La Manna C (1936) Über die sogenannte Cholangitis lenta. Virchows Arch (Pathol Anat) 298:515–522

    Google Scholar 

  • Markoff N (1973) Review. Primary sclerosing cholangitis. Acta Hepato-Gastroenterol 20:77–82

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathew J, Hines JE, Toole K, Johnson SJ, James OFW, Burt AD (1994) Quantitative analysis of macrophages and perisinusoidal cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. Histopathology 25:65–70

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCluggage WG, Sloan JM (1994) Hepatic granulomas in Northern Ireland: a thirteen year review. Histopathology 25:219–228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McFarlane IG, Wojcicka BM, Tsantoulas DC, Portmann BC, Eddlestone AWF, Williams R (1979) Leucocyte migration inhibition in response to antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis and other chronic liver disease. Gastroenterology 76:1333–1340

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehal WZ, Gregory WL, Lo Y-MD, Cross SJ, Fleming KA, Bassendine MF et al. (1994) Defining the immunogenetic susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 20:1213–1219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf J, James O (1997) The geoepidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 17:13–22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michieletti P, Bassendine MF, Heathcote EJ, Katz A, Palmer JM, Scheuer PJ et al. (1992) Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) negative primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) or autoimmune cholangitis? Hepatology 16:568

    Google Scholar 

  • Michieletti P, Wanless IR, Katz A, Scheuer PJ, Yeaman SJ, Bassendine MF et al. (1994) Antimitochondrial antibody negative primary biliary cirrhosis: a distinct syndrome of autoimmune cholangitis. Gut 35:260–265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mieli-Vergani G, Lobo-Yeo A, McFarlane BM, McFarlane IG, Mowat AP, Vergani D (1989) Different immune mechanisms leading to autoimmunity in primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis of childhood. Hepatology 9:198–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mihas AA, Murad TM, Hirschowitz BI (1978) Sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis. Light and electronmicroscopy studies. Am J Gastroenterol 70:614–619

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minuk GY, Angus M, Brickman CM, Lawley TJM, Frank MM, Hoofnagle JH, Jones EA (1985) Abnormal clearance of immune complexes from the circulation of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 88:166–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minuk GY, Rascanin N, Paul RW, Lee PWK, Buchan K, Kelly JK (1987) Reovirus type 3 infection in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 5:8–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mistilis SP (1965) Pericholangitis and ulcerative colitis. 1. Pathology, etiology and pathogenesis. Ann Intern Med 63:1–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mistilis SP (1975) Liver disease in bowel disease. In: Schiff L (ed) Diseases of the liver, 4th edn. Lippincott, pp 1373–1383

    Google Scholar 

  • Montefusco PP, Geiss AC, Bronzo RL, Randall S, Kahn E, McKinley MJ (1984) Sclerosing cholangitis, chronic pancreatitis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. Am J Surg 147:822–826

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morecki R, Glaser JH, Cho S, Balistreri WF, Horwitz MS (1982) Biliary atresia and reovirus type 3 infection. N Engl J Med 307:481–484

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulder TPJ, Janssens AR, Verspaget HW, Hattum J van, Lamers CBHW (1992) Metallothionein concentration in the liver of patients with Wilson’s disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. J Hepatol 16:346–350 Mai]unoz LE, Thomas HC, Scheuer PJ, Doniach D, Sherlock S (1981) Is mitochondrial antibody diagnostic of primary biliary cirrhosis? Gut 22:136–140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy P, Bisgaard HC, Thorgeirsson SS (1994) Expression of hepatic transcription factors during liver development and oval cell differentiation. J Cell Biol 126:223–233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanuma Y, Kono N (1991) Expression of HLA-DR antigens on interlobular bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis and other hepatobiliary disease: an immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol 22:431–436

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanuma Y, Ohta G (1979) Histometric and serial section observations of the intrahepatic bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 76:1326–1332

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanuma Y, Ohta G (1983) Quantitation of hepatic granulomas and epitheloid cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 3:423–427

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanuma Y, Ohta G (1986) Immunohistochemical study on bile ductular proliferation in various hepatobiliary diseases. Liver 6:205–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanuma Y, Ohta G (1987) Nodular hyperplasia of the liver in primary biliary cirrhosis of early histological stage. Am J Gastroenterol 82:8–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanuma Y, Kono N, Ohta G, Kato Y, Kobayashi K (1982a) Ultrastructural changes of bile duct epithelium in primary biliary cirrhosis in relation to progression of bile duct loss. Virchows Arch A 398:149–161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanuma Y, Ohta G, Kobayashi K, Kato Y (1982b) Histological and histometric examination of the intrahepatic portal vein branches in primary biliary cirrhosis without regenerative nodules. Am J Gastroenterol 77:405–413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanuma Y, Ohta G, Kono N, Kobayashi K, Kato Y (1983) Electron microscopic observation of destruction of biliary epithelium in primary bilary cirrhosis. Liver 3:238–248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanuma Y, Tsuneyama K, Kono N, Hoso M, Water J van de, Gershwin ME (1995) Biliary epithelial expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in primary biliary cirrhosis: an immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic study. Hum Pathol 26:92–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanuma Y, Yasoshima M, Tsuneyama K, Harada K (1997) Histopathology of primary biliary cirrhosis with emphasis on expression of adhesion molecules. Semin Liver Dis 17:35–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naveh Y, Mendelsohn H, Spira G, Auslaender L, Mandel H, Berant M (1983) Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with immunodeficiency. Am J Dis Child 137:114–117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nikaido H (1976) Outer membran of salmonella typhimurium transmembran diffusion of some hydropholic substances. Biochem Biophys Acta 433:118–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donohue J, McFarlane B, Bomford A, Yates M, Williams R (1994) Antibodies to atypical mycobacteria in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 21:887–889

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olomu AB, Vickers CR, Waring RH, Clements D, Babbs C, Warnes TW, Elias E (1988) High incidence of poor sulfoxidation in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 318:1089–1092

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsson R, Danielson A, Jarnerot G, Lindstrom E, Loof L, Rolny P et al. (1991) Prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 100: 1319–1323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ong GB (1962) A study of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Arch Surg 84:199–225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oord JJ van den, Groote JFJ de, Desmet VJ (1984a) Immunohistochemical characterization of inflammatory infiltrates in primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver 4:264–274

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oord JJ van den, Wolf-Peters C de, Facchetti F, Desmet VJ (1984b) Cellular composition of hypersensitivity-type granulomas: immunohistochemical analysis of tuberculous and sarcoidal lymphadenitis. Hum Pathol 15:559–565

    Google Scholar 

  • Oord JJ van den, Sciot R, Desmet VJ (1986) Expression of MHC products by normal and abnormal bile duct epithelium. J Hepatol 3:310–317

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer WL, Kirsner JB, Goldgraber MB, Fuentes SS (1963) Disease of the liver in regional enteritis. Am J Med Sci 246:663–672

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pappo O, Ramos H, Starzl TE, Fung JJ, Demetris AJ (1995) Structural integrity and identification of causes of liver allograft dysfunction occuring more than 5 years after transplantation. Am J Surg Pathol 19:192–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrett AD, Higgins G, Johnston HH, Massarella GR, Truelove SC, Wright R (1971) The liver in ulcerative colitis. Quart J Med NS XL:211–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirisi M, Falleti E, Fabris C, Soardo G, Toniutto P, Vitulli D et al. (1994) Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1) concentration in liver disease. Relationship with cholestasis and functioning hepatic mass. Am J Clin Pathol 102:600–604

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Podwyssozki W v. (1885) Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Regeneration der Drüsengewebe. I. Untersuchungen über die Regeneration des Lebergewebes. Beitr Pathol Anat 1:259–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Popper H, Schaffner F (1970) Non-suppurative destructive chronic cholangitis anf chronic hepatitis. In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds) Progress in liver disease, vol. III. Grune & Stratton, New York, pp 336–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Portmann B, Popper H, Neuberger J, Williams R (1985) Sequential and diagnostic features in primary biliary cirrhosis based on serial histologic study in 209 patients. Gastroenterology 88:1777–1790

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potter BJ, Elias E, Thomas HC, Sherlock S (1980) Complement metabolism in chronic liver disease: catabolism of Clq in chronic active liver disease and primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 78:1034–1040

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prochazka EJ, Terasaki PI, Min Sik Park DVM, Goldstein LI, Busuttil RW (1990) Association of primary sclerosing cholangitis with HLA-DRw52a. N Engl J Med 322:1842–1844

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quigley EMM, LaRusso NF, Ludwig J, MacSween RNM, Birnie GG, Watkinson G (1983) Familial occurence of primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 85:1160–1165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabinovitz M, Gavaler JS, Schade RR, Dindzans VJ, Chien M-C, Thiel DH van (1990) Does primary sclerosing cholangitis occuring in association with inflammatory bowel disease differ from that occuring in the absence of inflammatory bowel disease? A study of sixty-six subjects. Hepatology 11:7–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renner IG, Ponto CG, Savage III WT, Boswell WD (1980) Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis producing common bile duct and pancreatic duct obstruction. Gastroenterology 79:348–351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rössle R (1930) Entzündungen der Leber. In: Henke F, Lubarsch O (Hrsg) Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologic, Band V, 1. Springer, Berlin, S 243–565

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen CB, Nagorney DM (1991) Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin Liver Dis 11:26–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth P, Cohen S (1970) Cholangitis, a review of the literature with a report of an illustrative case. Am J Gastroenterol 53:154–163

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin E, Schaffner F, Popper H (1965) Primary biliary cirrhosis: chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis. Am J Pathol 46:387–407

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudi J, Waldherr R, Raedsch R, Kommerell B (1995) Hepatocyte proliferation in primary biliary cirrhosis as assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 antigen labelling. J Hepatol 22:43–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salaspuro M, Sipponen P (1976) Demonstration of an intracellular copper binding protein by orcein staining in long-standing cholestatic liver disease. Gut 17:787–790

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner F, Popper H (1982) Clinical-pathologic relations in primary biliary cirrhosis. In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds) Progress in liver disease, vol. VII. Grune & Stratton, New York London, pp 529–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheuer PJ (1967) Primary biliary cirrhosis. Proc Roy Soc Med 60:1257–1260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheuer PJ (1983) Primary biliary cirrhosis: diagnosis, pathology and pathogenesis. Postgrad Med J 59 (Suppl 4):106–115

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schomerus H, Kummer D (1980) Cholangitis. Internist 21:577–583

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schrumpf E, Elgjo K, Fausa O, Gjone E, Kolmanskog F, Ritland I (1980) Sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 15:689–697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schrumpf E, Fausa O, Kolmanskog F, Elgjo S, Ritland S, Gjone E (1982) Sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis. A follow-up study. Scand J Gastroenterol 17:33–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz SI, Dale WA (1958) Primary sclerosing cholangitis. Review and report of six cases. Arch Surg 77:439–451

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schweizer W, Schott G, Zimmermann A, Triller J, Blumgart LH (1993) Klinische Bedeutung und histologische Einteilung des Atrophie-/Hypertrophie-Komplexes (AHC) der Leber. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 123:1598–1603

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott AJ (1971) Bacteria and disease of the biliary tract. Gut 12:487–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott AJ, Khan GA (1967) Origin of bacteria in bileduct bile. Lancet 2:790–792

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sebagh M, Farges O, Kalil A, Samuel D, Bismuth H, Reynes M (1995) Sclerosing cholangitis following human orthotopic liver transplantation. Am J Surg Pathol 19:81–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sell S, Leffert HL (1982) An evaluation of cellular lineages in the pathogenesis of experimental hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2:77–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp HL (1982) Alpha-1-antitrypsin. An ignored protein in understanding bile disease. Semin Liver Dis 2:314–328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng R, Zajko AB, Campbell WL, Abu-Elmagd K (1993) Biliary strictures in hepatic transplants: prevalence and types in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis vs those with other liver diseases. Am J Roentgenol (AJR) 161:297–300

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherlock S (1991) Pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis: the role of nonimmune factors. Semin Liver Dis 11:5–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherlock S (1992) Primary biliary cirrhosis and vanishing bile ducts. In: McIntyre N, Benhamou J-P, Bircher J, Rizzetto M, Rodes J (eds) Oxford textbook of clinical hepatology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 743–750

    Google Scholar 

  • Shibata M, Watanabe M, Ueno Y, Sadamoto T, Sato G, Yasushi T et al. (1994) Clinicopathological study of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of hepatocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol 29:56–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu M, Yuh K, Aoyama S, Ichihara I, Watanabe H, Shijo H, Okumura M (1986) Immunohistochemical characterization of inflammatory infiltrates at the site of bile duct injury in primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver 6:1–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel JH, Morris JS (1979) Ulcerative colitis and liver disease: the spectrum of disease in 69 patients. Gastroenterology 76:1247

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegmund H (1931) Selbstandige intrahepatische Cholangitis. Beitr Pathol Anat Allg Pathol 87:425–436

    Google Scholar 

  • Simma W, Waynand U, Lederer B, Brücke P (1979) Zur Problematik der primar sklerosierenden Cholangitis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 91:257–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirica AE, Cihla HP (1984) Isolation and partial characterization of oval and hyperplastic bile ductular cell-enriched population from the livers of carcinogen and non-carcinogen treated rats. Cancer Res 44:3454–3466

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirica AE, Cole SE, Williams T (1994a) A unique rat model of bile ductular hyperplasia in which liver is almost totally replaced with well-differentiated bile ductules. Am J Pathol 144:1257–1268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirica AE, Gainey TW, Murmaw VR (1994b) Evidence for a bile ductular cell origin in Furantreated rats. Am J Pathol 145:375–383

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivak MV, Farmer RG, Lalli AI (1981) Sclerosing cholangitis: its increasing frequency of recognition and association with inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 3: 261–266

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sjögren I, Wengle B, Korsgren M (1979) Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with fibrosis of the submandibular glands and the pancreas. Acta Med Scand 205:139–141

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snook JA, Chapman RW, Sachdev KG, Heryet A, Kelly PMA, Fleming KA, Jewell DP (1989) Peripheral blood and portal tract lymphocyte populations in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 9:36–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spector WG, Heesom N (1969) Granulomata provoked by immune complexes. J Pathol 98:31–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spengler U, Rockstroh JK, Sauerbruch T (1994) HIV-assoziierte Cholangitis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 119:1004–1005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spivak W, Grand RJ, Eraklis A (1982) A case of primary sclerosing cholangitis in childhood. Gastroenterology 82:129–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg P, Steinbrecher R, Radaeva S, Schirmacher P, Dienes HP, Oesch F, Bannasch P (1994) Oval cell lines OC/CDE 6 and OC/CDE 22 give rise to cholangio-cellular and undifferentiated carcinomas after transformation. Lab Invest 71:700–709

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner JW, Carruthers JS, Kalifat SR (1962) The ductular cell reaction of rat liver in extrahepatic cholestasis. Exp Mol Pathol 1:162–185

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stemerowicz R, Hopf U, Möller B, Wittenbrink C, Rodloff A, Reinhardt R et al. (1988) Are mitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis induced by R(ough)-mutants of enterobacteriaceae? Lancet 2:1166–1170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sternlieb I (1980) Copper and the liver. Gastroenterology 78:1615–1628

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stöcker E (1966) Der Proliferationsmodus in Niere und Leber. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 50:53–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Strober W, James SP (1987) The immunopathogenesis of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disease. JAMA 258:2962–2969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strohmeyer G, Rodilla Sala E, Haussinger D (1995) Leber und Gastrointestinaltrakt im Alter. Internist 36:639–647

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strungs I, Farrell DJ, Matar LD, Dekker L, Franz RJ (1995) Multiple hepatic abscesses due to Yersinia enterolitica. Pathology 27:374–377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suou T, Civeira MP, Kanof ME, Moreno-Otero R, Jones EA, James SP (1989) Defective immunoregulation in primary biliary cirrhosis: CD4+, Leu-8+ T cells have abnormal activation and suppressor function in vitro. Hepatology 10:408–413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki K, Narita T, Yui R, Asakura H, Fujiwara M (1994) Mechanism of the induction of autoimmune disease by graft-versus-host reaction. Role of CD8+ cells in the development of hepatic and ductal lesions induced by CD4+ cells in MHC class I plus II different host. Lab Invest 70:609–619

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szostecki C, Guldner HH, Will H (1997) Autoantibodies against “nuclear dots” in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 17:71–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarao K, Shimizu A, Ohkawa S, Harada M, Ito Y, Tamai S et al. (1991) Increased uptake of bromode-oxyuridine by hepatocytes from early stage of primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 100:725–730

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tavoloni N (1987) The intrahepatic biliary epithelium: an area of growing interest in hepatology. Semin Liver Dis 7:280–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor SL, Dean PJ, Riely CA (1994) Primary autoimmune cholangitis. An alternative to antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Surg Pathol 18:91–99

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tee LBG, Kirilak Y, Huang W-H, Morgan RH, Yeoh GCT (1994) Differenciation of oval cells into duct-like cells in preneoplastic liver of rats placed on a choline-deficient diet supplemented with ethionine. Carcinogenesis 15:2747–2756

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teoh K-L, Mackay IR, Rowley MJ, Fussey SPM (1994a) Enzyme inhibitory autoantibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in primary biliary cirrhosis differ for mammalian, yeast and bacterial enzymes: implications for molecular mimicry. Hepatology 19:1029–1033

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teoh K-L, Rowley MJ, Zafirakis H, Dickson ER, Wiesner RH, Gershwin ME, Mackay IR (1994b) Enzyme inhibitory autoantibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in primary biliary cirrhosis: application of a semiautomated assay. Hepatology 20:1220–1224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teres J, Gomez-Moli J, Bruguera M, Visa J, Bordas JM, Pera C (1984) Sclerosing cholangitis after surgical treatment of hepatic echinococcal cyst. Report of three cases. Am J Surg 148: 694–697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas HC, Potter BJ, Sherlock S (1977) Is primary biliary cirrhosis an immune complex disease? Lancet 2:1261–1263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorbjarnarson B (1981) Biliary obstruction. Sclerosing cholangitis and tumors. Practical Gastroenterology 3:13–19 u. 43–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorgeirsson SS (1993) Hepatic stem cells. Am J Pathol 142:1331–1333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ti TK, Yuen R (1985) Chemical composition of biliary calculi in relation to the pattern of biliary disease in Singapore. Br J Surg 72:556–558

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tison V, Callea F, Morisi C, Mancini AM, Desmet VJ (1982) Spontaneous “primary biliary cirrhosis” in rabbits. Liver 2:152–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tobe K (1982) Electron microscopy of liver lesions in primary biliary cirrhosis. II. A bile duct with chronic non-suppurative cholangitis. Acta Pathol Jpn 32:345–359

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torgano G, Vecchi M, Podda M, Zuin M, Arosio E, Battezzati PM, Franchis R de (1995) Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with specific changes in liver IgG-bearing cell subpopulations. J Hepatol 22:545–550

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Triger DR (1980) Primary biliary cirrhosis: an epidemiological study. Br Med J 281:772–775

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tzakis AG, Carcassonne C, Todo S, Makowka L, Starzl TE (1989) Liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 9:144–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uchida T, Peters RC (1983) The nature and origin of proliferated bile ductules in alcoholic liver disease. Am J Clin Pathol 79:326–333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanstapel MJ, Meson DY, Desmet VJ (1984) Immunohistochemical detection of S-100 protein in hepatocyte derived proliferating bile ducts. Hepatology 4:x

    Google Scholar 

  • Vierling JM (1990a) Hepatobiliary complications of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. In: Zakim D, Boyer TD (eds) Hepatology. A textbook of liver disease. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1126–1158

    Google Scholar 

  • Vierling JM (1990b) Primary biliary cirrhosis. In: Zakim D, Boyer TD (eds) Hepatology. A textbook of liver disease. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1158–1205

    Google Scholar 

  • Viranuvatti V, Stitnimankarn T (1972) Liver fluke infection and infestation in Southeast Asia. Prog. Liver Dis 4:537–546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Viteri AL, Hardin WJ, Dyck WP (1979) Peyronie’s disease and sclerosing cholangitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis Sci 24:490–491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waldram R, Kopelman H, Tsantoulas D, Williams R (1975) Chronic pancreatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and sicca complex in two siblings. Lancet 1:550–552

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walshe JM (1984) Copper: the role in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 4:252–263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wands JR, Dienstag JL, Bhan AK, Feller ER, Isselbacher KJ (1978) Circulating immune complexes and complement activation in primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 298:233–237

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Water J van de, Cooper A, Surh CD, Coppel R, Danner Ansari A, Dickson ER, Gershwin ME (1989) Detection of autoantibodies to recombinant mitochondrial proteins in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 320:1377–1380

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Water J van de, Turchany J, Leung PSC, Lake J, Munoz S, Surh CD et al. (1993a) Molecular mimicry in primary biliary cirrhosis; evidence for biliary epithelial expression of a molecule cross-reactive with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2. J Clin Invest 91:2653–2664

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Water J van de, Gershwin ME (1993b) Primary biliary cirrhosis: cells, sera, and soluble factors. Mayo Clin Proc 68:1128–1130

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Water J van de, Shimoda S, Niho Y, Coppel R, Ansari A, Gershwin ME (1997) The role of T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 17:105–113

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Werlin SL, Glicklich M, Jona J, Starshak RJ (1980) Sclerosing cholangitis in childhood. J Pediatr 96:433–435

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whelton MJ (1973) Sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol 2:163–173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whiteside TL, Lasky S, Li L, Thiel DH van (1985) Immunologic analysis of mononuclear cells in liver tissues and blood of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 5:468–474

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesner RH, LaRusso NF (1980) Clinicopathologic features of the syndrome of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 79:200–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesner RH, Grambsch PM, Dickson ER, Ludwig J, MacCarthy RL, Hunter EB et al. (1989) Primary sclerosing cholangitis: natural history, prognostic factors and survival analysis. Hepatology 10 (1989) 430–436

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woolf GM, Vierling JM (1993) Disappearing intrahepatic bile ducts: the syndrome and their mechanism. Semin Liver Dis 13:261–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright R, Alberti KGMM, Karran S, Milward-Sadler GH (eds) (1979) Liver and biliary disease. WB Saunders, London Philadelphia Toronto

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada G, Hyodo I, Tobe K, Mizuno M, Nishihara T, Kobayashi T, Nagashima H (1986) Ultrastructural immunocy to chemical analysis of lymphocytes infiltrating bile duct epithelia in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 6:385–391

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yaswen P, Goyette M, Shank PR, Fausto N (1985) Expression of c-Ki-ras, c-Ha-ras, and c-myc in specific cell types during hepatocarcinogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 5:780–786

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yokoyama S, Satoh M, Lombardi B (1986) Bile ductular cells and the phenotypic heterogenity of the population of hepatic non-parenchymal epithelial cells induced in rats by chemical carcinogens. Carcinogenesis 7:1215–1219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zauli D, Schrumpf E, Crespi C, Cassani F, Fausa O, Aadland E (1987) An autoantibody profile in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 5:14–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zerbe O, Gressner M (1988) Proliferation of fat storing cells is stimulated by secretion of Kupffer cells from normal and injured liver. Exp Mol Pathol 49:87–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann-Seydoux G, Rontogianni D, Zimmermann A (1995) Primare biliare Zirrhose (PBZ): Lokalisation antigenprasentierender Zellen in Piecemealnekrosen. Pathologe 16: 262–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. O. Klinge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Klinge, O. (2000). Intrahepatische Cholangitis. In: Pathologie der Leber und Gallenwege. Spezielle pathologische Anatomie, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57036-0_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57036-0_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-65511-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-57036-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation