Abstract
In 1988, a previously uncharacterized endothelium-derived contractile factor was isolated, purified and identified as a novel 21 amino acid sequence and named endothelin-1 (ET-1) (Yanagisawa et al. 1988; Inoue et al. 1989). Some of the pharmacological activity of ET-1 was also reported in these studies, although there soon followed an avalanche of published research data from other laboratories describing the biology of this peptide in great detail in several mammalian systems, with particular emphasis on its spasmogenic actions in vascular tissues. In addition however, the potent contractile effects of ET-1 in airway smooth muscle were also reported in 1988 and again in 1989 (Turner et al. 1989; Uchida et al. 1988), predictably, followed rapidly by evidence for high densities of ET receptors in airway smooth muscle (Turner et al. 1989; Power et al. 1989). Autoradiographic analyses in human and animal airway tissues established the presence of significant numbers of such receptors in several airway wall cell types in addition to airway and vascular smooth muscle (Henry et al. 1990; Goldie et al. 1995). Taken together, this information constituted a reasonable basis for speculating that the actions of ET-1 might be associated with obstructive airway diseases such as asthma (Hay et al. 1993a, 1996; Goldie et al. 1996c), as well as with pulmonary hypertension (Allen et al. 1993; Stelzner et al. 1992; Stewart et al. 1991; Folkerts et al. 1998).
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- Airway Smooth Muscle
- Respir Crit
- Airway Smooth Muscle Cell
- Human Bronchus
- Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Abraham DJ, Vancheeswaran R, Dashwood MR, Rajkumar VS, Pantelides P, Xu SW,du Bois RM, Black CM (1997) Increased levels of endothelin-1 and differential endothelin type A and B receptor expression in scleroderma-associated fibrotic lung disease. Am J Pathol 151:831–841
Abraham WM, Ahmed A, Cortes A, Spinella MJ, Malik AB, Andersen TT (1993) A specific endothelin-1 antagonist blocks inhaled endothelin-1-induced bronchoconstriction in sheep. J Appl Physiol 74:2537–2542
Achmad TH, Rao GS (1992) Chemotaxis of human blood monocytes toward endothelin-1 and the influence of calcium channel blockers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189:994–1000
Ackerman V, Carpi S, Bellini A, Vassalli G, Marini M, Mattoli S (1995) Constitutive expression of endothelin in bronchial epithelial cells of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic asthma and modulation by histamine and interleukin-1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 96:618–27
Adachi M, Yang YY, Furuichi Y, Miyamoto C (1991) Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding human A-type endothelin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 180:1265–1272
Advenier C, Lagente V, Zhang Y, Naline E (1992) Contractile activity of big endothelin-1 on the human isolated bronchus. Br J Pharmacol 106:883–887
Allen SW, Chatfield BA, Koppenhafer SA, Schaffer MS, Wolfe RR, Abman SH (1993) Circulating immunoreactive endothelin-1 in children with pulmonary hypertension. Association with acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoreactivity. Am J Respir Dis 148:519–522
Andersson SE, Zackrisson C, Hemsen A, Lundberg JM (1992) Regulation of lung endothelin content by the glucocorticosteroid budesonide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 188:1116–1121
Andersson SE, Hemsen A, Zackrisson C, Lundberg JM (1996) Release of endothelin-1 into rat airways following sephadex-induced inflammation — modulation by enzyme inhibitors and budesonide. Respiration 63:111–116
Aoki T, Kojima T, Ono A, Unishi G, Yoshijima S, Kameda-Hayashi N, Yamamoto C, Hirata Y, Kobayashi Y (1994) Circulating endothelin-1 levels in patients with bronchial asthma. Ann Allergy 73:365–369
Arai H, Hori S, Aramori I, Ohkubo H, Nakanishi S (1990) Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding an endothelin receptor Nature 348:730–732
Aubert JD, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Leuenberger P (1997) Expression of endothelin-1 in human broncho-epithelial and monocytic cell lines: influence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and dexamethasone. Biochem Pharmacol 53:547–552
Barnes PJ, Chung KF, Page CP (1988) Inflammatory mediators and asthma. Pharmacol Rev 40:49–84
Barnes PJ, Baraniuk JN, Belvisi MG (1991) Neuropeptides in the respiratory tract. Am J Respir Dis 144:1187–1198
Barnes PJ (1992) Neural mechanisms in asthma. Br Med Bull 48:149–168
Bath PM, Mayston SA, Martin JF (1990) Endothelin and PDGF do not stimulate peripheral blood monocyte chemotaxis, adhesion to endothelium, and superoxide production. Exp Cell Res 187:339–342
Battistini B, Filep JG, Cragoe EJ Jr, Fournier A, Sirois P (1991) A role for Na+/H+ exchange in contraction of guinea pig airways by endothelin-1 in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175:583–588
Bax WA, Saxena PR (1994) The current endothelin receptor classification: time for reconsideration. Trends Pharmacol Sci 15:378–386
Beakes DE (1997) The use of anticholinergics in asthma. J Asthma 34:357–368
Beasley R, Roche WR, Roberts JA, Holgate ST (1989) Cellular events in the bronchi in mild asthma and after bronchial provocation. Am J Respir Dis 139:806–817
Behera AK, Kumar M, Matsuse H, Lockey RF, Mohapatra SS (1998) Respiratory syncytial virus induces the expression of 5-lipoxygenase and endothelin-1 in bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 251:704–709
Bihovsky R, Levinson BL, Loewi RC, Erhardt PW, Polokoff MA (1995) Hydroxamic acids as potent inhibitors of endothelin-converting enzyme from human bronchiolar smooth muscle. J Med Chem 38:2119–2129
Bjermer L, Sandstrom T, Sarnstrand B, Brattsand R (1994) Sephadex-induced granulomatous alveolitis in rat: effects of antigen manipulation. Am J Indust Med 25:73–78
Black PN, Ghatei MA,Takahashi K, Bretherton-Watt D, Krausz T, Dollery CT, Bloom SR (1989) Formation of endothelin by cultured airway epithelial cells. FEBS Lett 255:129–132
Bloch KD, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Quertermous T (1989a) cDNA cloning and chromosomal assignment of the gene encoding endothelin 3. J Biol Chem 264:18156–18161
Bloch KD, Friedrich SP, Lee ME, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Quertermous T (1989b) Structural organization and chromosomal assignment of the gene encoding endothelin. J Biol Chem 264:10851–10857
Bloch KD, Hong CC, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Quertermous T (1991) cDNA cloning and chromosomal assignment of the endothelin 2 gene: vasoactive intestinal contractor peptide is rat endothelin 2. Genomics 10:236–242
Boichot E, Lagente V, Mencia-Huerta JM, Braquet P (1990) Effect of phosphoramidon and indomethacin on the endothelin-1 (ET-1) induced bronchopulmonary response in aerosol sensitized guinea pigs. J Vasc Med Biol 2:206
Boichot E, Carre C, Lagente V, Pons F, Mencia-Huerta JM, Braquet P (1991a) Endothelial and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the guinea pig. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 17 (Suppl 7):S329-S331
Boichot E, Pons F, Lagente V,Touvay C, Mencia-Huerta JM, Braquet P (1991b) Phosphoramidon potentiates the endothelin-1-induced bronchopulmonary response in guinea-pigs. Neurochem Int 18:477–479
Boushey HA, Holtzman MJ, Sheller JR, Nadel JA (1980) Bronchial hyperreactivity. Am J Respir Dis 121:389–413
Brewster CE, Howarth PH, Djukanovic R, Wilson J, Holgate ST, Roche WR (1990) Myofibroblasts and subepithelial fibrosis in bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 3:507–511
Brink C, Gillard V, Roubert P, Mencia-Huerta JM, Chabrier PE, Braquet P, Verley J (1991) Effects and specific binding sites of endothelin in human lung preparations. Pulm Pharmacol 4:54–59
Busse WW(1990) Respiratory infections: their role in airway responsiveness and the pathogenesis of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 85:671–683
Cambrey AD, Harrison NK, Dawes KE, Southcott AM, Black CM, du Boi RM, Laurent GJ, McAnulty RJ (1994) Increased levels of endothelin-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with systemic sclerosis contribute to fibroblast mitogenic activity in vitro. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 11:439–445
Candenas ML, Naline E, Sarria B, Advenier C (1992) Effect of epithelium removal and of enkephalin inhibition on the bronchoconstrictor response to three endothelins of the human isolated bronchus. Eur J Pharmacol 210:291–297
Carr MJ, Spalding LJ, Goldie RG, Henry PJ (1998) Distribution of immunoreactive endothelin in the lungs of mice during respiratory viral infection. Eur Resp J 11:79–85
Carroll N, Elliot J, Morton A, James A (1993) The structure of large and small airways in nonfatal and fatal asthma. Am J Respir Dis 147:405–410
Casasco A, Benazzo M, Casasco M, Cornaglia AI, Springall DR, Calligaro A, Mira E, Polak JM (1993) Occurrence, distribution and possible role of the regulatory peptide endothelin in the nasal mucosa. Cell Tissue Res 274:241–247
Chalmers GW, Little SA, Patel KR, Thomson NC (1997) Endothelin-1-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156:382–8
Chen WY, Yu J, Wang JY (1995) Decreased production of endothelin-1 in asthmatic children after immunotherapy. J Asthma 32:29–35
Dagostino B, Filippelli A, Falciani M, Rossi F (1998) Endothelin-1 and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the rabbit. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 358:561–566
de Nucci G, Thomas R, D’Orleans-Juste P, Antunes E, Walder C, Warner TD, Vane JR (1988) Pressor effects of circulating endothelin are limited by its removal in the pulmonary circulation and by the release of prostacyclin and endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:9797–9800
Denault JB, Claing A, D’Orleans-Juste P, Sawamura T, Kido T, Masaki T, Leduc R (1995) Processing of proendothelin-1 by human furin convertase. FEBS Lett 362:276–280
Devadason PS, Henry PJ (1997) Comparison of the contractile effects and binding kinetics of endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin S6b in rat isolated renal artery. Br J Pharmacol 121:253–263
Di Maria GU, Katayama M, Borson DB, Nadel JA (1992) Neutral endopeptidase modulates endothelin-1-induced airway smooth muscle contraction in guinea-pig trachea. Regul Pept 39:137–145
Druml W, Steltzer H, Waldhausl W, Lenz K, Hammerle A, Vierhapper H, Gasic S, Wagner OF (1993) Endothelin-1 in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Dis 148:1169–1173
Egger D, Geuenich S, Denzlinger C, Schmitt E, Mailhammer R, Ehrenreich H, Dormer P, Hultner L (1995) IL-4 renders mast cells functionally responsive to endothelin-1. J Immunol 154:1830–1837
Ehrenreich H, Anderson RW, Fox CH, Rieckmann P, Hoffman GS, Travis WD, Coligan JE, Kehrl JH, Fauci AS (1990) Endothelins, peptides with potent vasoactive properties, are produced by human macrophages. J Exp Med 172:1741–1748
Ehrenreich H, Burd PR, Rottem M, Hultner L, Hylton JB, Garfield M, Coligan JE, Metcalfe DD, Fauci AS (1992) Endothelins belong to the assortment of mast cell-derived and mast cell-bound cytokines. New Biologist 4:147–156
Ellis JL, Undem BJ (1992) Inhibition by L-NG-nitro-L-arginine of nonadrenergic-noncholinergic-mediated relaxations of human isolated central and peripheral airway. Am J Respir Dis 146:1543–1547
Emoto N, Yanagisawa M (1995) Endothelin-converting enzyme-2 is a membranebound, phosphoramidon-sensitive metalloprotease with acidic pH optimum. J Biol Chem 270:15262–15268
Endo T, Uchida Y, Matsumoto H, Suzuki N, Nomura A, Hirata F, Hasegawa S (1992) Regulation of endothelin-1 synthesis in cultured guinea pig airway epithelial cells by various cytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 186:1594–1599
Ercan ZS, Kilinc M, Yazar O, Korkusuz P, Turker RK (1993) Endothelin-1-induced oedema in rat and guinea-pig isolated perfused lungs. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 323:74–84
Fagny C, Michel A, Leonard I, Berkenboom G, Fontaine J, Deschodt-Lanckman M (1991) In vitro degradation of endothelin-1 by endopeptidase 24.11 (enkephalinase). Peptides 12:773–778
Fagny C, Michel A, Nortier J, Deschodt-Lanckman M (1992) Enzymatic degradation of endothelin-1 by activated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Regul Pept 42:27–37
Fernandes LB, Henry PJ, Rigby PJ, Goldie RG (1996) EndothelinB (ETB) receptoractivated potentiation of cholinergic nerve-mediated contraction in human bronchus. Br J Pharmacol 118:1873–1874
Fernandes LB, Henry PJ, Spalding LJ, Cody SH, Pudney CJ, Goldie RG (1998) Immunocytochemical detection of endothelin receptors in rat cultured airway nerves. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 31 (Suppl 1):S222-S224
Filep JG, Sirois MG, Foldes-Filep E, Rousseau A, Plante GE, Fournier A, Yano M, Sirois P (1993a) Enhancement by endothelin-1 of microvascular permeability via the activation of ETA receptors. Br J Pharmacol 109:880–886
Filep JG, Telemaque S, Battistini B, Sirois P, D’Orleans-Juste P (1993b) Increased plasma levels of endothelin during anaphylactic shock in the guinea-pig. Eur J Pharmacol 239:231–236
Filep JG, Fournier A, Foldes-Filep E (1995) Acute pro-inflammatory actions of endothelin-1 in the guinea-pig lung: involvement of ETA and ETB receptors. Br J Pharmacol 115:227–236
Finsnes F, Skjonsberg OH, Tonnessen T, Naess O, Lyberg T, Christensen G (1997) Endothelin production and effects of endothelin antagonism during experimental airway inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155:1404–1412
Folkerts G, Busse WW, Nijkamp FP, Sorkness R, Gern JE (1998) Virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:1708–20
Franco-Cereceda A, Rydh M, Lou YP, Dalsgaard CJ, Lundberg JM (1991) Endothelin as a putative sensory neuropeptide in the guinea-pig: different properties in comparison with calcitonin gene-related peptide. Regul Pept 32:253–265
Fujitani Y, Trifilieff A, Tsuyuki S, Coyle AJ, Bertrand C (1997) Endothelin receptor antagonists inhibit antigen-induced lung inflammation in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155:1890–1894
Fukuroda T, Ozaki S, Ihara M, Ishikawa K, Yano M, Miyauchi T, Ishikawa S, Onizuka M, Goto K, Nishikibe M (1996) Necessity of dual blockade of endothelin ET(A) and ET(B) receptor subtypes for antagonism of endothelin-1-induced contraction in human bronchi. Br J Pharmacol 117:995–999
Furukawa K, Saleh D, Bayan F, Emoto N, Kaw S, Yanagisawa M, Giaid A (1996) Co-expression of endothelin-1 and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 in patients with chronic rhinitis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 14:248–253
Giaid A, Hamid QA, Springall DR, Yanagisawa M, Shinmi O, Sawamura T, Masaki T, Kimura S, Corrin B, Polak JM (1990) Detection of endothelin immunoreactivity and mRNA in pulmonary tumours. J Pathol 162:15–22
Giaid A, Polak JM, Gaitonde V, Hamid QA, Moscoso G, Legon S, Uwanogho D,Roncalli M, Shinmi O, Sawamura T et al. (1991) Distribution of endothelinlike immunoreactivity and mRNA in the developing and adult human lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 4:50–58
Giaid A, Michel RP, Stewart DJ, Sheppard M, Corrin B, Hamid Q (1993) Expression of endothelin-1 in lungs of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Lancet 341:1550–1554
Glassberg MK, Ergul A, Wanner A, Puett D (1994) Endothelin-1 promotes mitogenesis in airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 10:316-321
Goldie RG, Spina D, Henry PJ, Lulich KM, Paterson JW (1986) In vitro responsiveness of human asthmatic bronchus to carbachol, histamine, beta-adrenoceptor agonists and theophylline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 22:669–676
Goldie RG (1990) Receptors in asthmatic airways. Am J Respir Dis 141:S151–6
Goldie RG, Grayson PS, Knott PG, Self GJ, Henry PJ (1994) Predominance of endothelinA (ETA) receptors in ovine airway smooth muscle and their mediation of ET-1- induced contraction. Br J Pharmacol 112:749–756
Goldie RG, Henry PJ, Knott PG, Self GJ, Luttmann MA, Hay DWP (1995) Endothelin-1 receptor density, distribution and function in human isolated asthmatic airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152:1653–1658
Goldie RG, D’Aprile AC, Cvetkovski R, Rigby PJ, Henry PJ (1996a) Influence of regional differences in ETA and ETB receptor subtype proportions on endothelin1-induced contractions in porcine isolated trachea and bronchus. Br J Pharmacol 117:736–742
Goldie RG, D’Aprile AC, Self GJ, Rigby PJ, Henry PJ (1996b) The distribution and density of receptor subtypes for endothelin-1 in the peripheral lung of the rat, guinea-pig and pig. Br J Pharmacol 117:729–735
Goldie RG, Knott PG, Carr MJ, Hay DW, Henry PJ (1996c) The endothelins in the pulmonary system. Pulm Pharmacol 9:69–93
Goldie RG, Fernandes LB, Henry PJ, Spalding LJ, Pudney CJ (1998) Immunocytochemical detection of endothelin receptors in rat airway parasympathetic nerves.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:A720
Goldie RG, Pedersen KE (1995) Mechanisms of increased airway microvascular permeability: role in airway inflammation and obstruction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 22:387–396
Hagiwara H, Nagasawa T, Lodhi KM, Kozuka M, Ito T, Hirose S (1992) Affinity chromatographic purification of bovine lung endothelin receptor using biotinylated endothelin and avidin-agarose. J Chromatog 597:331–334
Haller H, Schaberg T, Lindschau C, Lode H, Distler A (1991) Endothelin increases [Ca2+]i, protein phosphorylation, and O2 - production in human alveolar macrophages. Am J Physiol 261:L478–L484
Hay DW (1989) Guinea-pig tracheal epithelium and endothelin. Eur J Pharmacol 171:241–245
Hay DW (1990) Mechanism of endothelin-induced contraction in guinea-pig trachea: comparison with rat aorta. Br J Pharmacol 100:383–392
Hay DW, Henry PJ, Goldie RG (1993a) Endothelin and the respiratory system. Trends Pharmacol Sci 14:29–32
Hay DW, Hubbard WC, Undem BJ (1993b) Relative contributions of direct and indirect mechanisms mediating endothelin-induced contraction of guinea-pig trachea. Br J Pharmacol 110:955–962
Hay DW, Hubbard WC, Undem BJ (1993c) Endothelin-induced contraction and mediator release in human bronchus. Br J Pharmacol 110:392–398
Hay DW, Luttmann MA, Hubbard WC, Undem BJ (1993d) Endothelin receptor subtypes in human and guinea-pig pulmonary tissues. Br J Pharmacol 110:1175–1183
Hay DW, Henry PJ, Goldie RG (1996) Is endothelin-1 a mediator in asthma? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154:1594–1597
Hay DW, Luttmann MA, Pullen MA, Nambi P (1998) Functional and binding characterization of endothelin receptors in human bronchus: evidence for a novel endothelin B receptor subtype? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 284:669–677
Heard BE, Hossain S (1973) Hyperplasia of bronchial muscle in asthma. J Pathol 110:319–331.
Hegele RG, Hogg JC (1996) The pathology of Asthma. An inflammatory disorder. In: Szefler SJ, Leung DYM (eds). Severe asthma: pathogenesis and clinical management. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 61–76
Helset E, Sildnes T, Seljelid R, Konoski ZS (1993) Endothelin-1 stimulates human monocytes in vitro to release TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Mediators Inflamm 2:417–422
Helset E, Ytrehus K,TveitaT, Kjaeve J, Jorgensen L (1994) Endothelin-1 causes accumulation of leukocytes in the pulmonary circulation. Circ Shock 44:201–209
Hemsen A, Franco-Cereceda A, Matran R, Rudehill A, Lundberg JM (1990) Occurrence, specific binding sites and functional effects of endothelin in human cardiopulmonary tissue. Eur J Pharmacol 191:319–328
Henry PJ, Rigby PJ, Self GJ, Preuss JM, Goldie RG (1990) Relationship between endothelin-1 binding site densities and constrictor activities in human and animal airway smooth muscle. Br J Pharmacol 100:786–792
Henry PJ (1993) Endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced contraction in rat isolated trachea: involvement of ETA and ETB receptors and multiple signal transduction systems. Br J Pharmacol 110:435–441
Henry PJ, Goldie RG (1994) ETB but not ETA receptor-mediated contractions to endothelin-1 attenuated by respiratory tract viral infection in mouse airways. Br J Pharmacol 112:1188–1194
Henry PJ, Goldie RG (1995) Potentiation by endothelin-1 of cholinergic nervemediated contractions in mouse trachea via activation of ETB receptors. Br J Pharmacol 114:563–569
Herbst C, Tippler B, Shams H, Simmet T (1995) A role for endothelin in bicucullineinduced neurogenic pulmonary oedema in rats. Br J Pharmacol 115:753–760
Hick S, Heidemann I, Soskic V, Muller-Esterl W, Godovac-Zimmermann J (1995) Isolation of the endothelin B receptor from bovine lung. Structure, signal sequence, and binding site. Eur J Biochem 234:251–257
Horgan MJ, Pinheiro JM, Malik AB (1991) Mechanism of endothelin-1-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Circ Res 69:157–164
Ihara M, Yamanaka R, Ohwaki K, Ozaki S, Fukami T, Ishikawa K, Towers P, Yano M (1995) [3H]BQ-123, a highly specific and reversible radioligand for the endothelin ETA receptor subtype. Eur J Pharmacol 274:1–6
Inoue A, Yanagisawa M, Kimura S, Kasuya Y, Miyauchi T, Goto K, Masaki T (1989) The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:2863–2867
Ishikawa S, Tsukada H, Yuasa H, Fukue M, Wei S, Onizuka M, Miyauchi T, Ishikawa T, Mitsui K, Goto K et al. (1992) Effects of endothelin-1 and conversion of big endothelin-1 in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. J Appl Physiol 72:2387–2392
Itoh Y, Yanagisawa M, Ohkubo S, Kimura C, Kosaka T, Inoue A, Ishida N, Mitsui Y, Onda H, Fujino M et al. (1988) Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding the precursor of a human endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin: identity of human and porcine endothelin. FEBS Lett 231:440–444
James AL, Pare PD, Hogg JC (1989) The mechanics of airway narrowing in asthma. Am J Respir Dis 139:242–246
Johnson AR, Ashton J, Schulz WW, Erdos EG (1985) Neutral metalloendopeptidase in human lung tissue and cultured cells. Am J Respir Dis 132:564–568
Kanazawa H, Kurihara N, Hirata K, Fujiwara H, Matsushita H, Takeda T (1992) Low concentration endothelin-1 enhanced histamine-mediated bronchial contractions of guinea pigs in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 187:717–721
Karne S, Jayawickreme CK, Lerner MR (1993) Cloning and characterization of an endothelin-3 specific receptor (ETC receptor) from Xenopus laevis dermal melanophores. J Biol Chem 268:19126–19133
Kay AB (1991) Asthma and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 87:893–910
Kishi F, Minami K, Okishima N, Murakami M, Mori S, Yano M, Niwa Y, Nakaya Y, Kido H (1998) Novel 31-amino-acid-length endothelins cause constriction of vascular smooth muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 248:387–390
Knott PG, Daprile AC, Henry PJ, Hay DWP, Goldie RG (1995) Receptors for endothelin-1 in asthmatic human peripheral lung. Br J Pharmacol 114:1–3
Knott PG, Fernandes LB, Henry PJ, Goldie RG (1996) Influence of endothelin-1 on cholinergic nerve-mediated contractions and acetylcholine release in rat isolated tracheal smooth muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 279:1142–1147
Knox AJ (1994) Airway re-modelling in asthma: role of airway smooth muscle. Clin Sci 86:647–652
Kobayashi M, Ihara M, Sato N, Saeki T, Ozaki S, Ikemoto F, Yano M (1993) A novel ligand, [125I]BQ-3020, reveals the localization of endothelin ETB receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 235:95–100
Kondoh M, Miyazaki H, Uchiyama Y, Yanagisawa M, Masaki T, and Murakami K (1991) Solubilization of two types of endothelin receptors, ETA and ETB, from rat lung with retention of binding activity. Biomed Res 12:417–423.
Koseki C, Imai M, Hirata Y, Yanagisawa M, Masaki T (1989) Autoradiographic distribution in rat tissues of binding sites for endothelin: a neuropeptide? Am J Physiol 256:R858–R866
Kozuka M, Ito T, Hirose S, Lodhi KM, Hagiwara H (1991) Purification and characterization of bovine lung endothelin receptor. J Biol Chem 266:16892–16896
Kraft M, Beam WR, Wenzel SE, Zamora MR, O’Brien RF, Martin RJ (1994) Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage endothelin-1 levels in nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:946–952
Kubin R, Deschl U, Linssen M, Wilhelms OH (1992) Intratracheal application of Sephadex in rats leads to massive pulmonary eosinophilia without bronchial hyperreactivity to acetylcholine. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 98:266–272
Lagente V, Chabrier PE, Mencia-Huerta JM, Braquet P (1989) Pharmacological modulation of the bronchopulmonary action of the vasoactive peptide, endothelin, administered by aerosol in the guinea-pig. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 158: 625–632
Lagente V, Boichot E, Mencia-Huerta J, Braquet P (1990) Failure of aerosolized endothelin (ET-1) to induce bronchial hyperreactivity in the guinea pig. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 4:275–280
Laitinen LA, Heino M, Laitinen A, Kava T, Haahtela T (1985) Damage of the airway epithelium and bronchial reactivity in patients with asthma. Am J Respir Dis 131:599–606
Langleben D, DeMarchie M, Laporta D, Spanier AH, Schlesinger RD, Stewart DJ (1993) Endothelin-1 in acute lung injury and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Dis 148:1646–1650
MacCumber MW, Ross CA, Glaser BM, Snyder SH (1989) Endothelin: visualization of mRNAs by in situ hybridization provides evidence for local action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:7285–7289
Macquin-Mavier I, Levame M, Istin N, Harf A (1989) Mechanisms of endothelinmediated bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 250:740–745
Maggi CA, Patacchini R, Giuliani S, Meli A (1989) Potent contractile effect of endothelin in isolated guinea-pig airways. Eur J Pharmacol 160:179–182
Marini M, Carpi S, Bellini A, Patalano F, Mattoli S (1996) Endothelin-1 induces increased fibronectin expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 220:896–899
Masaki T, Yanagisawa M, Goto K (1992) Physiology and pharmacology of endothelins. Med Res Rev 12:391–421
Masuda Y, Miyazaki H, Kondoh M, Watanabe H, Yanagisawa M, Masaki T, Murakami K (1989) Two different forms of endothelin receptors in rat lung. FEBS Lett 257:208–210
Matsuse T, Fukuchi Y, Suruda T, Nagase T, Ouchi Y, Orimo H (1990) Effect of endothelin-1 on pulmonary resistance in rats. J Appl Physiol 68:2391–2393
Mattoli S, Mezzetti M, Riva G, Allegra L, Fasoli A (1990) Specific binding of endothelin on human bronchial smooth muscle cells in culture and secretion of endothelin-like material from bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 3:145–151
Mattoli S, Soloperto M, Marini M, Fasoli A (1991) Levels of endothelin in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with symptomatic asthma and reversible airflow obstruction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 88:376–384
McKay KO, Black JL, Diment LM, Armour CL (1991) Functional and autoradiographic studies of endothelin-1 and endothelin-2 in human bronchi, pulmonary arteries, and airway parasympathetic ganglia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 17 (Suppl 7):S206–S209
McKay KO, Armour CL, Black JL (1993) Endothelin-3 increases transmission in the rabbit pulmonary parasympathetic nervous system. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 22 (Suppl 8):S181–S184
McKay KO, Armour CL, Black JL (1996) Endothelin receptors and activity differ in human, dog, and rabbit lung. Am J Physiol — Lung Cell Mol Physiol 14:L37–L43
Millul V, Lagente V, Gillardeaux O, Boichot E, Dugas B, Mencia-Huerta JM, Bereziat G, Braquet P, Masliah J (1991) Activation of guinea pig alveolar macrophages by endothelin-1. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 17 (Suppl 7):S233–S235
Mullol J, Chowdhury BA, White MV, Ohkubo K, Rieves RD, Baraniuk J, Hausfeld JN, Shelhamer JH, Kaliner MA (1993) Endothelin in human nasal mucosa. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 8:393–402
Murlas CG, Sharma AC, Gulati A, Najmabadi F (1997) Interleukin-1 beta increases airway epithelial cell mitogenesis partly by stimulating endothelin-1 production. Lung 175:117–126
Mutsaers SE, Foster ML, Chambers RC, Laurent GJ, McAnulty RJ (1998) Increased endothelin-1 and its localization during the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 18:611–619
Nagase T, Fukuchi Y, Jo C, Teramoto S, Uejima Y, Ishida K, Shimizu T, Orimo H (1990) Endothelin-1 stimulates arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity and oxygen radical formation in the rat distal lung. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 168:485–489
Nagase T, Fukuchi Y, Matsui H, Aoki T, Matsuse T, Orimo H (1995) In vivo effects of endothelin A- and B-receptor antagonists in guinea pigs. Am J Physiol 268:L846–L850
Nagase T, Kurihara H, Kurihara Y, Aoki T, Fukuchi Y, Yazaki Y, Ouchi Y (1998) Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in mutant mice deficient in endothelin-1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:560–564
Nakano A, Kishi F, Minami K, Wakabayashi H, Nakaya Y, Kido H (1997) Selective conversion of big endothelins to tracheal smooth muscle constricting 31 amino acid length endothelins by chymase from human mast cells. J Immunol 159:1987–1992
Nakano J, Takizawa H, Ohtoshi T, Shoji S, Yamaguchi M, Ishii A, Yanagisawa M, Ito K (1994) Endotoxin and pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulate endothelin-1 expression and release by airway epithelial cells. Clin Exp Allergy 24:330–336
Nambi P, Pullen M, Spielman W (1994) Species differences in the binding characteristics of [125I]IRL-1620, a potent agonist specific for endothelin-B receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 268:202–207
Naylor B (1962) The shedding of the mucosa of the bronchial tree in asthma. Thorax 17:69–72
Nicholson KG, Kent J, Ireland DC (1993) Respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults. Br Med J 307:982–986
Ninomiya H, Uchida Y, Ishii Y, Nomura A, Kameyama M, Saotome M, Endo T, Hasegawa S (1991) Endotoxin stimulates endothelin release from cultured epithelial cells of guinea-pig trachea. Eur J Pharmacol 203:299–302
Ninomiya H, Yu XY, Hasegawa S, Spannhake EW (1992) Endothelin-1 induces stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis in cells obtained from canine airways by bronchoalveolar lavage. Prostaglandins 43:401–411
Noguchi K, Noguchi Y, Hirose H, Nishikibe M, Ihara M, Ishikawa K, Yano M (1993) Role of endothelin ETB receptors in bronchoconstrictor and vasoconstrictor responses in guinea-pigs. Eur J Pharmacol 233:47–51
Noguchi K, Ishikawa K, Yano M, Ahmed A, Cortes A, Abraham WM (1995) Endothelin-1 contributes to antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. J Appl Physiol 79:700–705
Nomura A, Uchida Y, Kameyana M, Saotome M, Oki K, Hasegawa S (1989) Endothelin and bronchial asthma. Lancet 2:747–748
Noveral JP, Rosenberg SM, Anbar RA, Pawlowski NA, Grunstein MM (1992) Role of endothelin-1 in regulating proliferation of cultured rabbit airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 263:L317–L324
Odoux C, Crestani B, Lebrun G, Rolland C, Aubin P, Seta N, Kahn MF, Fiet J, Aubier M (1997) Endothelin-1 secretion by alveolar macrophages in systemic sclerosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156:1429–1435
Opgenorth TJ, Wu-Wong JR, Shiosaki K (1992) Endothelin-converting enzymes. FASEB J 6:2653–2659
Panettieri RA, Goldie RG, Rigby PJ, Eszterhas AJ, Hay DWP (1996) Endothelin-1-induced potentiation of human airway smooth muscle proliferation: an ETA receptor-mediated phenomenon. Br J Pharmacol 118:191–197
Payne AN, Whittle BJ (1988) Potent cyclo-oxygenase-mediated bronchoconstrictor effects of endothelin in the guinea-pig in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 158:303–304
Peacock AJ, Dawes KE, Shock A, Gray AJ, Reeves JT, Laurent GJ (1992) Endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 induce chemotaxis and replication of pulmonary artery fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 7:492–499
Pernow J, Hemsen A, Lundberg JM (1989) Tissue specific distribution, clearance and vascular effects of endothelin in the pig. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 161: 647–653
Persson CGA (1991) Tracheobronchial microcirculation in asthma. In: Kaliner MA, Barnes PJ, Persson CGA (eds). Asthma its pathology and treatment. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 209–229
Plews PI, Abdel-Malek ZA, Doupnik CA, Leikauf GD (1991) Endothelin stimulates chloride secretion across canine tracheal epithelium. Am J Physiol 261:L188–L194
Pons F, Touvay C, Lagente V, Mencia-Huerta J M, Braquet P (1991) Comparison of the effects of intra-arterial and aerosol administration of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the guinea-pig isolated lung. Br J Pharmacol 102:791–796
Pons F, Boichot E, Lagente V, Touvay C, Mencia-Huerta JM, Braquet P (1992a) Role of endothelin in pulmonary function. Pulm Pharmacol 5:213–219
Pons F, Touvay C, Lagente V, Mencia-Huerta JM, Braquet P (1992b) Involvement of a phosphoramidon-sensitive endopeptidase in the processing of big endothelin-1 in the guinea-pig. Eur J Pharmacol 217:65–70
Power RF, Wharton J, Zhao Y, Bloom SR, Polak JM (1989) Autoradiographic localization of endothelin-1 binding sites in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 13 (Suppl 5):S50–S56
Raffestin B, Adnot S, Eddahibi S, Macquin-Mavier I, Braquet P, Chabrier PE (1991) Pulmonary vascular response to endothelin in rats. J Appl Physiol 70:567–574
Redington AE, Springall DR, Ghatei MA, Lau LC, Bloom SR, Holgate ST, Polak JM, Howarth PH (1995) Endothelin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and its relation to airflow obstruction in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151:1034–1039
Redington AE, Springall DR, Meng QH, Tuck AB, Holgate ST, Polak JM, Howarth PH (1997) Immunoreactive endothelin in bronchial biopsy specimens: increased expression in asthma and modulation by corticosteroid therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 100:544–552
Rennick RE, Loesch A, Burnstock G (1992) Endothelin, vasopressin, and substance P like immunoreactivity in cultured and intact epithelium from rabbit trachea. Thorax 47:1044–1049
Rennick RE, Milner P, Burnstock G (1993) Thrombin stimulates release of endothelin and vasopressin, but not substance P, from isolated rabbit tracheal epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 230:367–370
Riccio MM, Reynolds CJ, Hay DW P, Proud D (1995) Effects of intranasal administration of endothelin-1 to allergic and nonallergic individuals. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152:1757–1764
Roche WR, Beasley R, Williams JH, Holgate ST (1989) Subepithelial fibrosis in the bronchi of asthmatics. Lancet 1:520–524
Roche WR (1998) Inflammatory and structural changes in the small airways in bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:S191–S194
Rodman DM, Stelzner TJ, Zamora MR, Bonvallet ST, Oka M, Sato K, O’Brien RF, McMurtry IF (1992) Endothelin-1 increases the pulmonary microvascular pressure and causes pulmonary edema in salt solution but not blood-perfused rat lungs. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 20:658–663
Rozengurt N, Springall DR, Polak JM (1990) Localization of endothelin-like immunoreactivity in airway epithelium of rats and mice. J Pathol 160:5–8
Sabater JR, Otero R, Abraham WM, Wanner A, O’Riordan TG (1996) Endothelin-1 depresses tracheal mucus velocity in ovine airways via ET-A receptors. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154:341–345
Saetta M, Maestrelli P,Turato G, Mapp CE, Milani G, Pivirotto F, Fabbri LM, Di Stefano A (1995) Airway wall remodeling after cessation of exposure to isocyanates in sensitized asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151:489–94
Sakamoto A, Yanagisawa M, Sakurai T, Takuwa Y, Yanagisawa H, Masaki T (1991) Cloning and functional expression of human cDNA for the ETB endothelin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178:656–663
Sakurai T, Yanagisawa M, Takuwa Y, Miyazaki H, Kimura S, Goto K, Masaki T (1990) Cloning of a cDNA encoding a non-isopeptide-selective subtype of the endothelin receptor. Nature 348:732–735
Sakurai T, Yanagisawa M, Masaki T (1992) Molecular characterization of endothelin receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 13:103–108
Saleh D, Yanagisawa M, Corrin B, Giaid A (1995) Co-expression of endothelin and endothelin converting enzyme-1 in the lungs of normal humans and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151:A51
Schwarze J, Hamelmann E, Bradley KL, Takeda K, Gelfand EW (1997) Respiratory syncytial virus infection results in airway hyperresponsiveness and enhanced airway sensitization to allergen. J Clin Invest 100:226–233
Seino S, Kato S, Takahashi H, Iwabuchi K, Yuki H, Nakamura H, Tomoike H (1995) BQ123, endothelin type A receptor antagonist, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151:A63
Sheppard D, Epstein J, Holtzman MJ, Nadel JA, Boushey HA (1982) Dose-dependent inhibition of cold air-induced bronchoconstriction by atropine. J Appl Physiol 53:169–174
Shichiri M, Hirata Y, Nakajima T, Ando K, Imai T, Yanagisawa M, Masaki T, Marumo F (1991) Endothelin-1 is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor for human cancer cell lines. J Clin Invest 87:1867–1871
Shimura S, Ishihara H, Satoh M, Masuda T, Nagaki N, Sasaki H, Takishima T (1992) Endothelin regulation of mucus glycoprotein secretion from feline tracheal submucosal glands. Am J Physiol 262:L208–L213
Simmet T, Pritze S, Thelen KI, Peskar BA (1992) Release of endothelin in the oleic acid-induced respiratory distress syndrome in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 211:319–322
Smart SJ, Casale TB (1998) Abnormal autonomic control in respiratory disease. In: Barnes PJ (ed) Autonomic control of the respiratory system. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam pp. 313–338
Sofia M, Mormile M, Faraone S, Alifano M, Zofra S, Romano L, Carratu L (1993) Increased endothelin-like immunoreactive material on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with bronchial asthma and patients with interstitial lung disease. Respiration 60:89–95
Sokolovsky M, Ambar I, Galron R (1992) A novel subtype of endothelin receptors. J Biol Chem 267:20551–20554
Springall DR, Howarth PH, Counihan H, Djukanovic R, Holgate ST, Polak JM (1991) Endothelin immunoreactivity of airway epithelium in asthmatic patients. Lancet 337:697–701
Stelzner TJ, O’Brien RF, Yanagisawa M, Sakurai T, Sato K, Webb S, Zamora M, McMurtry IF, Fisher JH (1992) Increased lung endothelin-1 production in rats with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol 262:L614–L620
Stewart DJ, Levy RD, Cernacek P, Langleben D (1991) Increased plasma endothelin-1 in pulmonary hypertension: marker or mediator of disease? Ann Intern Med 114:464–469
Sun G, Stacey MA, Bellini A, Marini M, Mattoli S (1997) Endothelin-1 induces bronchial myofibroblast differentiation. Peptides 18:1449–1451
Takayanagi R, Ohnaka K, Takasaki C, Ohashi M, Nawata H (1991) Multiple subtypes of endothelin receptors in porcine tissues: characterization by ligand binding, affinity labeling and regional distribution. Regul Pept 32:23–37
Takeda S, Miyoshi S, Omori K, Utsumi T, Kogaki S, Sawa Y, Yanagisawa M, Matsuda H (1998) Pulmonary disease models induced by in vivo hemagglutinating virus of Japan liposome-mediated endothelin-1 gene transfer. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 31 (Suppl 1):S336–S338
Takimoto M, Inui T, Okada T, Urade Y (1993) Contraction of smooth muscle by activation of endothelin receptors on autonomic neurons. FEBS Lett 324:277–282
Takuwa Y(1993) Endothelin in vascular and endocrine systems: biological activities and its mechanisms of action. Endocrine J. 40:489–506
Teichtahl H, Buckmaster N, Pertnikovs E (1997) The incidence of respiratory tract infection in adults requiring hospitalization for asthma. Chest 112:591–596
Tomlinson PR, Wilson JW, Stewart AG (1994) Inhibition by salbutamol of the proliferation of human airway smooth muscle cells grown in culture. Br J Pharmacol 111:641–647
Touvay C, Vilain B, Pons F, Chabrier PE, Mencia-Huerta JM, Braquet P (1990) Bronchopulmonary and vascular effect of endothelin in the guinea-pig. Eur J Pharmacol 176:23–33
Trigg CJ, Manolitsas ND, Wang J, Calderon MA, McAulay A, Jordan SE, Herdman MJ, Jhalli N, Duddle JM, Hamilton SA et al. (1994) Placebo-controlled immunopathologic study of four months of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:17–22
Tschirhart EJ, Drijfhout JW, Pelton JT, Miller RC, Jones CR (1991) Endothelins: functional and autoradiographic studies in guinea pig trachea. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 258:381–387
Turner NC, Power RF, Polak JM, Bloom SR, Dollery CT (1989) Endothelininduced contractions of tracheal smooth muscle and identification of specific endothelin binding sites in the trachea of the rat. Br J Pharmacol 98:361–366
Uchida Y, Ninomiya H, Saotome M, Nomura A, Ohtsuka M, Yanagisawa M, Goto K, Masaki T, Hasegawa S (1988) Endothelin, a novel vasoconstrictor peptide, as potent bronchoconstrictor. Eur J Pharmacol 154:227–228
Uchida Y, Hamada M, Kameyama M, Ohse H, Nomura A, Hasegawa S, Hirata F (1992a) ET-1 induced bronchoconstriction in the early phase but not late phase of anesthetized dogs is inhibited by indomethacin and ICI 198615. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 183:1197–1202
Uchida Y, Ninomiya H, Sakamoto T, Lee JY, Endo T, Nomura A, Hasegawa S, Hirata F (1992b) ET-1 released histamine from guinea pig pulmonary but not peritoneal mast cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189:1196–1201
Uchida Y, Nomura A, Ohse H, Sakamoto T, Ninomiya H, Iijima H, To J, Hasegawa S, Hirata F (1995) Evidence for the involvement of endothelins in antigen-induced immediate and late asthmatic reactions of guinea-pig experimental asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151:A228
Vemulapalli S, Rivelli M, Chiu PJ, del Prado M, Hey JA (1992) Phosphoramidon abolishes the increases in endothelin-1 release induced by ischemia-hypoxia in isolated perfused guinea pig lungs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 262:1062–1069
Vijayaraghavan J, Scicli AG, Carretero OA, Slaughter C, Moomaw C, Hersh LB (1990) The hydrolysis of endothelins by neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (enkephalinase). J Biol Chem 265:14150–14155
Vittori E, Marini M, Fasoli A, De Franchis R, Mattoli S (1992) Increased expression of endothelin in bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatic patients and effect of corticosteroids. Am J Respir Dis 146:1320–5
Waggoner WG, Genova SL, Rash VA (1992) Kinetic analyses demonstrate that the equilibrium assumption does not apply to [125I] endothelin-1 binding data. Life Sci 51:1869–1876
Ward MJ, Fentem PH, Smith WH, Davies D (1994) Ipratropium bromide in acute asthma. Br Med J 1981:598–600
Warner TD, Allcock GH, Mickley EJ, Corder R, Vane JR (1993) Comparative studies with the endothelin receptor antagonists BQ-123 and PD-142893 indicate at least 3 endothelin receptors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 22:S117–S120
Watakabe T, Urade Y, Takai M, Umemura I, Okada T (1992) A reversible radioligand specific for the ETB receptor: [125I]Tyrl3-Suc-[Glu9,Alall,15]-endothelin-l(8–21), [125I]IRL 1620. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 185:867–873
Weitzberg E, Lundberg JM, Rudehill A (1991) Elevated plasma levels of endothelin in patients with sepsis syndrome. Circ Shock 33:222–227
Wiklund NP, Wiklund CU, Ohlen A, Gustafsson LE (1989) Cholinergic neuromodulation by endothelin in guinea pig ileum. Neurosci Lett 101:342–346
Wu T, Mullol J, Rieves RD, Logun C, Hausfield J, Kaliner MA, Shelhamer JH (1992) Endothelin-1 stimulates eicosanoid production in cultured human nasal mucosa. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 6:168–174
Wu T, Rieves RD, Larivee P, Logun C, Lawrence MG, Shelhamer JH (1993) Production of eicosanoids in response to endothelin-1 and identification of specific endothelin-1 binding sites in airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 8:282–290
Wu-Wong JR, Chiou WJ, Magnuson SR, Opgenorth TJ (1994) Endothelin receptor agonists and antagonists exhibit different dissociation characteristics. Biochim Biophys Acta 1224:288–294
Emoto N, Giaid A, Slaughter C, Kaw S, de Wit D, Yanagisawa M (1994) ECE-1: a membrane-bound metalloprotease that catalyzes the proteolytic activation of big endothelin-1. Cell 78:473–485
Xu J, Zhong NS (1997) The interaction of tumour necrosis factor alpha and endothelin-1 in pathogenetic models of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 27:568–573
Yamaguchi T, Kohrogi H, Kawano O, Ando M, Araki S (1992) Neutral endopeptidase inhibitor potentiates endothelin-1-induced airway smooth muscle contraction. J Appl Physiol 73:1108–1113
Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, Tomobe Y, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, Yazaki Y,Goto K, Masaki T (1988) A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature 332:411–415
Yanagisawa M, Masaki T (1989) Endothelin, a novel endothelium-derived peptide. Pharmacological activities, regulation and possible roles in cardiovascular control.Biochem Pharmacol 38:1877–1883
Yoshimi H, Hirata Y, Fukuda Y, Kawano Y, Emori T, Kuramochi M, Omae T, Marumo F (1989) Regional distribution of immunoreactive endothelin in rats. Peptides 10:805–808
Yoshizumi M, Inui D, Okishima N, Houchi H, Tsuchiya K, Wakabayashi H, Kido H, Tamaki T (1998a) Endothelin-l-(l-31), a novel vasoactive peptide, increases [Ca2+](i) in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 348:305–309
Yoshizumi M, Kim S, Kagami S, Hamaguchi A, Tsuchiya K, Houchi H, Iwao H, Kido H, Tamaki T (1998b) Effect of endothelin-1 (1–31) on extracellular signal regulated kinase and proliferation of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 125:1019–1027
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goldie, R.G., Henry, P.J. (2001). Involvement of the Endothelins in Airway Reactivity and Disease. In: Warner, T.D. (eds) Endothelin and Its Inhibitors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 152. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56899-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56899-2_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63237-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56899-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive