Zusammenfassung
Im Unterschied zum Zervixmantel dominiert im Myometrium von Corpus und Isthmus uteri glatte Muskulatur, die Muskelmasse übertrifft eindeutig die des Kollagens (Rorie u. Newton 1967). Grob anatomisch sind äußere und innere Muskelschichten abgrenzbar. Aus vergleichenden funktionellen Studien geht aber hervor, dass äußere und innere Muskelfasern ein Kontinuum darstellen (Abb. 259) und ein Netzwerk mit longitudinalem Verlauf außen und zunehmend spiraliger Anordnung zum Endometrium hin besteht (faszikuläres Arrangement).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Aharoni A., Reiter A., Golan D., Paltiely Y., Sharf M. (1988) Patterns of growth of uterine leiomyomas during pregnancy. A prospective longitudinal study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 95: 510–513
Akkersdijk G.J., Flu P.K., Giard R.W., van Lent M., Wallenburg H.C. (1990) Malignant leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. Am J Obstet Gynecol 163: 591–593
Antman K.H. (1997) Adjuvant therapy of sarcomas of soft tissue. Semin Oncol 24: 556–560
Ariel I.M., Trinidad S. (1966) Pulmonary metastases from a uterine “leiomyoma”. Report of a case: evaluation of differential diagnosis and treatment policies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 94: 110–116
Armin A.R., Moradi A., Winters G. (1987) Posttraumatic intrauterine omental implantation mimicking lipomatous lesion 16 years later. Int J Gynecol Pathol 6: 89–92
Arnesen M.A., Jones J.W. (1992) Spindie cell neoplasm of the thoracic spine. Ultrastruct Pathol 16:29–34
Asano M., Mori M.M., Minoura S. (1990) Immunohistochemical study of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. An autopsy report in comparison with carcinosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and normal endometrium. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 301–306
Azziz R. (1986) Adenomyosis in pregnancy. A review. J Reprod Med 31: 224–227
Bader L.V. (1971) Multicentric plexiform tumourlets of the uterus: case report. Pathology 3: 167–170
Bai P., Sun J., Chao H. (1997) A clinical analysis of 153 uterine sarcomas. Chung Hua Fu Chan Ko Tsa Chih 32: 163–167
Balaton A.J., Nogig P. (1989) Myxoid leiomyosarcoma: immunohistochemical study of a case. Ann Pathol 9: 73
Bamberger A.M., Ivell R., Balvers M., Kelp B., Bamberger C.M., Riethdorf L., Löning T. (1999) Relaxinlike factor (RLF): a new specific marker for Leydig cells in the ovary. Int J Gynecol Pathol 18: 163–168
Bapat K., Brustein S. (1989) Uterine sarcoma with liposarcomatous differentiation: report of a case and review of the literature. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 28: 71–75
Barany K., Barany M. (1990) Myosin light chain phosphorylation in uterine smooth muscle. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 71–98
Bell S.W., Kempson R.L., Hendrickson M.R. (1994) Problematic uterine smooth muscle neoplasms. A clinicopathologic study of 213 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 18: 535–558
Birsch-Hirschfeld F.V. (1896) Lehrbuch der anatomischen Pathologie. Vogel, Leipzig
Boghosian L., Dal Cin P., Turc Carel C., Rao U., Karakousis C., Sait S.J., Sandberg A.A. (1989) Three possible cytogenetic subgroups of leiomyosarcoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 43: 39–49
Borrel D., Philippe E. (1975) Cystic lymphangiomyomas of the uterus. Ann Anat Pathol Paris 20: 177–181
Boyce C.R., Buddhdev H.N. (1973) Pregnancy complicated by metastasizing leiomyoma of the uterus. Obstet Gynecol 42: 252–258
Brescia R.J., Tazelaar H.D., Hobbs J., Miller A.W. (1989) Intravascular lipoleiomyomatosis: a report of two cases. Hum Pathol 20: 252–256
Broderick R., Broderick K.A. (1990) Ultrastructure and calcium stores in the myometrium. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, NewYork,pp 1–33
Brown D.C., Theaker J.M., Banks P.M., Gatter K.C., Mason D.Y. (1987) Cytokeratin expression in smooth muscle and smooth muscle tumours. Histopathology 11: 477–486
Buckley C.H., Fox H. (1989) Biopsy pathology of the endometrium. Raven, New York
Buemi A. (1981) La leiomyomatose intravasculaire de l’uterus. Revue de la litterature apropos de 16 observations. Rev Franc Gynecol Obstet 76: 27–35
Bullerdiek J. (1999) Leiomyoma-do virus es play the main role? Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26: 181
Buttram V.C. Jr, Reiter R.C. (1981) Uterine leiomyomata: etiology, symptomatology, and management. Fertil Steril 36: 433–445
Cameron A.E., Graham J.C., Cotton L.T. (1983) Intracavalleiomyomatosis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 90:272–275
Campbell G.R., Chamley Campbell J.H. (1981) Smooth musde phenotypic modulation: role in atherogenesis. Med Hypotheses 7: 729–735
Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (1990) Calcium control mechanisms in the myometrial cell and the role of the phosphoinositide cycle. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 121–167
Casey M.L., MacDonald P.C. (1990) Endocrinology of pregnancy and parturition. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 501–517
Cavazzana A.O., Ninfo V., Tirabosco R., et al.(1995) Leiomyosarcoma. In: Harms D., Schmidt D. (eds) Current topics in pathology. Soft tissue tumors. Springer, Berlin, pp 313–332
Chaudhuri G. (1990) Biosynthesis and function of eicosanoids in the uterus. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 423–448
Chen K.T. (1984) Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. Int J Gynecol Pathol 3: 389–392
Christopherson W.M., Williamson E.O., Gray L.A. (1972) Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. Cancer 29: 1512–1517
Clement P.B. (1988) Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus. Pathol Annu 23 Pt 2: 153–183
Clement P.B., Young R.H. (1987) Diffuse leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a report of four cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 6: 322–330
Clement P.B., Young R.H., Scully R.E. (1988) Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus. A dinicopathological analysis of 16 cases with unusual histologie features. Am J Surg Pathol 12: 932–945
Clement P.B., Young R.H., Scully R.E. (1992) Diffuse, perinodular, and other patterns of hydropie degeneration within and adjacent to uterine leiomyomas. Problems in differential diagnosis. Am J Surg Pathol 16: 26–32
Coleman H.A., Parkington H.C. (1990) Hyperpolarization-activated channels in myometrium: a patch damp study. Prog Clin Biol Res 327: 665–672
Corscaden J.A., Singh B.P. (1958) Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 75: 149–155
Cramer S.F., Patel A. (1990) The frequency of uterine leiomyomas. Am J Clin Pathol 94: 435–438
Cramer S.F., Robertson A.L. Jr, Ziats N.P., Pearson O.H. (1985) Growth potential of human uterine leiomyomas: some in vitro observations and their implications. Obstet Gynecol 66:36–41
Cross S.S., Start R.D. (1996) Estimating mitotic activity in tumours. Histopathology 29: 485–488
Cullen S. (1896a) Adenomyoma uteri diffusum benignum. Johns Hopkins Hosp Reports
Cullen S. (1896b) Adenomyoma of the round ligament. Johns Hopkins Bull 7: 112–114
Cullen T.A. (1908) Adenomyoma of the uterus. Saunders, Philadelphia
Darby A.J., Papadaki L., Beilby J.O. (1975) An unusualleiomyosarcoma of the uterus containing osteodast-like giant cells. Cancer 36: 495–504
Demopoulos R.I., Denarvaez F., Kaji V. (1973) Benign mixed mesodermal tumors of the uterus: a histogenetic study. Am J Clin Pathol 60: 377–383
Devaney K., Tavassoli F.A. (1991) Immunohistochemistry as a diagnostie aid in the interpretation of unusual mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. Mod Pathol 4: 225–231
Diamond J. (1990) Beta-adrenoreceptors, cydic AMP, and cydic GMP in control of uterine motility. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 249–275
Donhuijsen K. (1986) Mitosis counts: reproducibility and significance in grading of malignancy. Hum Pathol 17: 1122–1125
Donhuijsen K., Schmidt U., Hirche H., van Beuningen D., Budach V. (1990) Changes in mitotie rate and cell cycle fractions caused by delayed fixation. Hum Pathol 21: 709–714
Downes K.A., Hart W.R. (1997) Bizarre leiomyomas of the uterus: a comprehensive pathologie study of 24 cases with long-term follow-up. Am J Surg Pathol 21: 1261–1270.
Draeger A., Graf A.H., Staudach A., North A.J., Small J.V. (1993) Smooth musde differentiation in human myometrium and uterine leiomyoma. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 64:21–27
Ducsay C. (1990) Calcium channels: role in myometrial contractility and pharmacologieal applications of calcium entry blockers. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, NewYork,pp 169–194
Dworak O., Meybehm M. (1988) So-called symplasmic leiomyoma of the uterus. Pathologe 9: 183–186
Echt G., Jepson J., Steel J., Langholz B., Luxton G., Hernandez W., Astrahan M., Petrovich Z. (1990) Treatment of uterine sarcomas. Cancer 66: 35–39
Ellis P.S., Whitehead R. (1981) Mitosis counting-a need for reappraisal. Hum Pathol 12: 3–4
Emge L.A. (1962) The elusive adenomyosis of the uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 63: 1541–1563
Enzinger F.M., Weiss S.W. (1983) Soft tissue tumors. Mosby, Toronto
Evans H.L., Chawla S.P., Simpson C., Finn K.P. (1988) Smooth muscle neoplasms of the uterus other than ordinary leiomyoma. A study of 46 cases, with emphasis on diagnostic criteria and prognostic factors. Cancer 62: 2239–2247
Eyden B.P., Hale R.J., Richmond I., Buckley C.H. (1992) Cytoskeletal filaments in the smooth muscle cells of uterine leiomyomata and myometrium: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 420: 51–58
Fallahzadeh H., Dockerty M.B., Lee R.A. (1972) Leiomyoma of the ovary: report of five cases and review of the literature. Am J Obstet Gynecol 113: 394–398
Fan S.X., Sreekantaiah C., Berger C.S., Medchill M., Pedron S., Sandberg A.A. (1990) Cytogenetic findings in nine leiomyomas of the uterus. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 47: 179–189
Farman A.G. (1975) Benign smooth muscle tumours. S Afr Med J 49: 1333–1340
Fayed Y.M., Tsibris J.C., Langenberg P.W., Robertson A.L.J. (1989) Human uterine leiomyoma cells: binding and growth responses to epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and insulin. Lab Invest 60: 30–37
Fechner R.E. (1968) Atypicalleiomyomas and synthetic progestin therapy. Am J Clin Pathol 49: 697–703
Fedoseev S.E., Borets O.V. (1991) A case of intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus in pregnancy. Arkh Patol 53: 58–61
Ferenczy A., Richart R.M., Okagaki T. (1971) A comparative ultrastuctural study of leiomyosarcoma, cellular leiomyoma, and leiomyoma of the uterus. Cancer 28: 1004–1018
Fleming W.P., Peters W.A., Kumar N.B., Morley G.W. (1984) Autopsy findings in patients with uterine sarcoma. Gynecol Oncol 19: 168–172
Ford J.M., Pang J., Coutts J., Evans B.D. (1988) Metastasizing leiomyoma of the uterus. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 28: 154–155
Foster D.C., Stern J.L., Buscema J., Rock J.A., Woodruff J.D. (1981) Pleural and parenchymal pulmonary endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 58: 552–556
Franco T. (1984) Lesion hemangiomateuse (acquise?) du col. A propos d’un cas. Gynecologie 35: 79–81
Friedmann M., Holth L.T., Zoghbi H.Y., Reeves R. (1993) Organization, inducible-expression and chromosome localization of the human HMG-I(Y) nonhistone protein gene. Nucleic Acids Res 21: 4259–4267
Gabbiani G., Gabbiani F., Heimark R.L., Schwartz S.M. (1984a) Organization of actin cytoskeleton during early endothelial regeneration in vitro. J Cell Sci 66: 39–50
Gabbiani G., Kocher O., Bloom W.S., Vandekerckhove J., Weber K. (1984b) Actin expression in smooth muscle cells of rat aortic intimal thickening, human atheromatous plaque, and cultured rat aortic media. J Clin Invest 73: 148–152
Gal A.A., Brooks J.S., Pietra G.G. (1989) Leiomyomatous neoplasms of the lung: a clinical,histologic, and immunohistochemical study. Mod Pathol 2: 209–216
Gibas Z., Griffin C.A., Emanuel B.S. (1988) Clonal chromosome rearrangements in a uterine myoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 32: 19–24
Gimona M., Herzog M., Vandekerckhove J., Small J.V. (1990) Smooth muscle specific expression of calponin. FEBS Lett 274: 159–162
Goff B.A., Rice L.W., Fleischhacker D., Muntz H.G., Falkenberry S.S., Nikrui N., Fuller A.F. Jr (1993) Uterine leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma: lymph node metastases and sites of recurrence. Gynecol Oncol 50: 105–109
Goldberg M.F., Hurt W.G., Frable W.J. (1977) Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. Report of a case and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol 49: 46–52
Gown A.M., Boyd H.C., Chang Y., Ferguson M., Reichler B., Tippens D. (1988) Smooth muscle cells can express cytokeratins of „simple“ epithelium. Immunocytochemical and biochemical studies in vitro and in vivo. Am J Pathol 132: 223–232
Griffin B. (1971) Hemangiomas of the female genital tract. South Med J 64: 104–107
Grove A., Jörgensen A. (1996) Intravascular leiomyomatosis of the uterus. Pathol Res Pract 192: 949–956
Halban W. (1925) Hysteroadenosis metastatica. Die lymphogene Genese der sog. Adenofibrosis heterotopica. Arch Gynäkol 124: 457–459
Halme J., Becker S., Wing R. (1984) Accentuated cyclic activation of peritoneal macrophages in patients with endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 148: 85–90
Hannigan E., Curtin J.P., Silverberg S.G., et al. (1992) Corpus: mesenchymal tumors. In: Hoskins W.J., Perez C.A., Young R.C. (eds) Principles and practice of gynecologic oncology. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 695–714
Harper R.R.S., Scully R.E. (1961) Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus. Areport of 4 cases. Obstet Gynecol 18: 519–529
Hayashi R.H. (1990) Pharmacological application of prostaglandins, their analogues, and their inhibitors in obstetrics. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 449–469
Heim S., Nilbert M., Vanni R., Floderus U.M., Mandahl N., Liedgren S., Lecca U., Mitelman F. (1988) A specific translocation, t(12; 14)(q14-15;q23-24), characterizes a subgroup of uterine leiomyomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 32: 13–17
Hendrickson M.R., Kempson R.L. (1991) The uterine corpus. In: Sternberg S.S., Mills S.E. (eds) Surgical pathology of the female reproductive system. Raven, New York, pp 105–168
Henschen S., Gronewald M., Thomssen C., Riethdorf L., Jänicke F. (1999) Case report on leiomyomatosis in pelvic lymph nodes during oestrogen substitution. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 59: 37–40
Hernandez E., Woodruff J.D. (1980) Endometrial adenocarcinoma arising in adenomyosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138: 827–832
Honore L.H. (1978) Uterine fibrolipoleiomyoma: report of a case with discussion ofhistogenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 132: 635–636
Hoppener J.W., Mosselman S., Roholl P.J. et al. (1988) Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and-II genes in human smooth muscle tumours. EMBO J 7: 1379–1385
Hsu Y.K., Rosenshein N.B., Parmley T.H., Woodruff J.D., Elberfeld H.T. (1981) Leiomyomatosis in pelvic lymph nodes. Obstet Gynecol 57: 91S-93S
Hui Y.Z., Qian H.N., Guo Q.X. (1988) Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus with early pregnancy. Chin Med J Engl 101: 325–328
Jereczek B., Jassem J., Kobierska A. (1996) Sarcoma of the uterus. A clinical study of 42 patients. Arch Gynecol Obstet 258: 171–180
Kaminski P.F., Tavassoli F.A. (1984) Plexiform tumorlet: a clinical and pathologie study of 15 cases with ultrastructural observations. Int J Gynecol Pathol 3: 124–134
Kaszar Seibert D.J., Gauvin G.P., Rogoff P.A., Vittimberga F.J., Margolis S., Hilgenberg A.D., Saal D.K., Goldsmith G.O. (1988) Intracardiac extension of intravenous leiomyomatosis. Radiology 168: 409–410
Kaufmann B.M., Cooper J.M., Cookson P. (1974) Clostridium perfringens septicemia complicating degenerating uterine leiomyomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol 118: 877–878
Kawaguchi K., Fujii S., Konishi I., Okamura H., Mori T. (1985) Ultrastructural study of cultured smooth muscle cells from uterine leiomyoma and myometrium under the influence of sex steroids. Gynecol Oncol 21: 32–41
Kempson R.L. (1976) Editorial: Mitosis counting-II. Hum Pathol 7: 482–483
Kawaguchi K., Fujii S., Konishi I., Nanbu Y., Nonogaki H., Mori T. (1989) Mitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cycle. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160: 637–641
Kiu M.C., Liaw C.C., Ng K.T., Ho Y.S. (1990) Leiomyosarcoma associated hypoglycemia-report of two cases. Chang Keng I Hsueh 13: 237–241
Kommoss F., Oliva E., Bhan A.K., Young R.H., Scully R.E. (1998) Inhibin expression in ovarian tumors and tumor-like lesions: an immunohistochemical study. Mod Pathol 11: 656–664
Korbi S., Meyer D., Skalli O., Gabbiani G., Kapanci Y. (1987) Post-irradiation leiomyosarcoma. Case report with immunohistochemical studies. J Submicrosc Cytol 19: 365–369
Kurman R.J., Norris H.J. (1976) Mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. VI. Epithelioid smooth muscle tumors including leiomyoblastoma and clear-cell leiomyoma: a clinical and pathologie analysis of 26 cases. Cancer 37: 1853–1865
Laffargue P., Reboud E., Rouzeau H., Nosny (1966) A case of fibro-leiomyosarcoma of the uterus with pulmonary recurrence 7 years after total hysterectomy. Bull Fed Soc Gynecol Obstet Lang Fr 18: 495–497
Lamminen S., Rantala I., Helin H., Rorarius M., Tuimala R. (1992) Proliferative activity of human uterine leiomyoma cells as measured by automatie image analysis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 34: 111–114
Larson B., Silfversward C., Nilsson B., Pettersson F. (1990) Prognostic factors in uterine leiomyosarcoma. A clinical and histopathological study of 143 cases. The Radiumhemmet series 1936-1981. Acta Oncol 29: 185–191
Leake R.D. (1990) Oxytocin in the initiation of labor. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, New York, PP 361–371
Leibsohn S., d’Ablaing G., Mishell D.R., Schlaerth J.B. (1990) Leiomyosarcoma in aseries of hysterectomies performed for presumed uterine leiomyosarcomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162:968–974
Leidenberger F.A. (1998) Klinische Endokrinologie für Frauenärzte. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio
Lierse W. (1984) Praktische Anatomie. Becken. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio
Lucas D.R., Kolidziej P., Gross M.L., Mott M.P., Budev H., Zaiupski M.M., Ryan J.R. (1997) Metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma to bone: a clinicopathologic study. Int J Surg Pathol 4: 159–168
Maheux R., Guilloteau C., Lemay A., Bastide A., Fazekas A.T. (1985) Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist and uterine leiomyoma: a pilot study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 152: 1034–1038
Mai K.T., Yazdi H.M., Perkins D.M., Parks W. (1997) Pathogenetic role of the stromal cells in endometriosis and adenomyosis. Histopathology 30: 430–442
Major F.J., Blessing J.A., Silverberg S.G., Morrow C.P., Creasman W.T., Currie J.L., Yordan E., Brady M.F. (1993) Prognostic factors in early-stage uterine sarcoma. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Cancer 71: 1702–1709
Manfioletti G., Giancotti V., Bandiera A., Buratti E., Sautiere P., Cary P., Crane Robinson C., Coles B., Goodwin G.H. (1991) cDNA cloning of the HMGI-C phosphoprotein, a nuclear protein associated with neoplastic and undifferentiated phenotypes. Nucleic Acids Res 19: 6793–6797
Marchese M.J., Liskow A.S., Crum C.P., McCaffrey R.M., Frick H.C. (1984) Uterine sarcomas: a clinicopathologie study, 1965-1981. Gynecol Oncol 18: 299–312
Marshail R.J., Braye S.G., Jones D.B. (1986) Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus with giant cells resembling osteoclasts. Int J Gynecol Pathol 5: 260–268
Marston S.B., Pritchard K. (1990) The filament control of uterine smooth muscle. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 99–119
Matamala M.F., Nogaies F.F., Aneiros J., Herraiz M.A., Caracuel M.D. (1988) Leiomyomas of the ovary. Int J Gynecol Pathol 7: 190–196
Meister P. (1995) Grading of soft tissue sarcomas: proposal for a reproducible, albeit limited scherne. In: Harms D., Schmidt D. (eds) Soft tissue tumors. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 153–173
Meredith R.F., Wagman L.D., Piper J.A., Mills A.S., Neifeld J.P. (1986a) Beta-chain human chorionic gonadotropin-producing leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine. Cancer 58: 131–135
Meredith R.F., Eisert D.R., Kaka Z., Hodgson S.E., Johnston G.A. Jr, Boutselis J.G. (1986b) An excess of uterine sarcomas after pelvic irradiation. Cancer 58: 2003–2007
Mestwerdt W. (1986) Gutartige Erkrankungen des Corpus uteri. In: Wulf K.H., Schmidt-Matthiesen H. (Hrsg) Klinik der Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe. Gutartige gynäkologische Erkrankungen I. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München, S 159–204
Metzger D.A., Haney A.F. (1988) Endometriosis: etiology and pathophysiology of infertility. Clin Obstet Gynecol 31: 801–812
Metzger D.A., Olive D.L., Haney A.F. (1988) Limited hormonal responsiveness of ectopic endometrium: histologie correlation with intrauterine endometrium. Hum Pathol 19: 1417–1424
Meyer R. (1930) Weibliche Geschlechtsorgane: Uterus und Tuben. In: Henke F., Lubarsch O. (Hrsg) Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen und anatomischen Histologie. Springer, Berlin
Meyer R., Kitai J. (1925) Beiträge zur Lehre von der Adenomyosis und Adenofibrosis der weiblichen Genitalorgane. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 20:336–342
Moghissi K.S. (1991) Hormonal therapy before surgical treatment for uterine leiomyomas. Surg Gynecol Obstet 172: 497–502
Molitor J.J. (1971) Adenomyosis: a clinical and pathological appraisal. Am J Obstet Gynecol 110: 275–284
Montague A.C.W., Swartz D.W., Woodruff J.D. (1965) Sarcoma arising in a leiomyoma of the uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 92: 421–427
Morton C.C. (1998) Many tumors and many genes: genetics of uterine leiomyomata. Am J Pathol 153: 1015–1020
Myles J.L., Hart W.R. (1985) Apoplectic leiomyomas of the uterus. A clinicopathologie study of five distinctive hemorrhagie leiomyomas associated with oral contraceptive usage. Am J Surg Pathol 9: 798–805
Nagel H., Brinck U., Lüthje D., Füzesi L. (1999) Plexiform leiomyoma of the uterus in a patient with breast carcinoma: case report and review of the literature. Pathology 31: 292–294
Nilbert M., Heim S., Mandahl N., Floderus U.M., Willen H., Mitelman F. (1990) Characteristic chromosome abnormalities, including re arrangements of 6p, del(7q), +12, and t(12;14), in 44 uterine leiomyomas. Hum Genet 85: 605–611
Nisolle M., Donnez J. (1997) Peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, and adenomyotie nodules of the rectovaginal septum are three different entities. Fertil Steril 68: 585–596
Nogales F.F., Navarro N., Martinez de Victoria J.M., Contreras F., Redondo C., Herraiz M.A., Seco M.A., Velasco A. (1987) Uterine intravascular leiomyomatosis: an update and report of seven cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 6: 331–339
Nogales F.F., Ayala A., Ruiz Avila I., Sirvent J.J. (1991) Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the ovary: analysis of three cases. Hum Pathol 22: 1268–1273
Nordal R.R., Kristensen G.B., Kaern J., Stenwig A.E., Pettersen E.O., Trope C.G. (1995) The prognostic significance of stage, tumor size, cellular atypia and DNA ploidy in uterine leiomyosarcoma. Acta Oncol 34: 797–802
Norris H.J. (1976) Editorial: Mitosis counting. Hum Pathol 7: 483–484
Norris H.J., Parmley T. (1975) Mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. V. Intravenous leiomyomatosis. A clinical and pathologie study of 14 cases. Cancer 36: 2164–2178
Norris H.J., Taylor H.B. (1965) Postirradiation sarcomas of the uterus. Obstet Gynecol 26: 689–694
Norris H.J., Hilliard G.D., Irey N.S. (1988) Hemorrhagic cellular leiomyomas (“apoplectie leiomyoma”) of the uterus associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptives. Int J Gynecol Pathol 7: 212–224
Norton A.J., Thomas J.A., Isaacson P.G. (1987) Cytokeratin-specific monoclonal antibodies are reactive with tumours of smooth muscle derivation. An immunocytochemical and biochemical study using antibodies to intermediate filament cytoskeletal proteins. Histopathology 11: 487–499
Novak E.R., Woodruff J.D. (1974) Novak’s gynecologic and obstetric pathology. Saunders, Philadelphia
Nowak R.A., Rein M.S., Heffner L.J., Friedman A.J., Tashjian A.H.J. (1993) Production of prolactin by smooth muscle cells cultured from human uterine fibroid tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76: 1308–1313
Nunez Alonso C., Battifora H.A. (1979) Plexiform tumors of the uterus: ultrastructural study. Cancer 44: 1707–1714
O’Connor D.M., Norris H.J. (1990) Mitotically active leiomyomas of the uterus. Hum Pathol 21: 223–227
Olah K.S., Dunn J.A., Gee H. (1992) Leiomyosarcomas have a poorer pro gnosis than mixed mesodermal tumours when adjusting for known prognostie factors: the result of a retrospective study of 423 cases of uterine sarcoma. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 99: 590–594
O’Leary T., Steffes M.W. (1996) Can you count on the mitotic index? Hum Pathol 27: 147–151
Omura G.A., Blessing J.A., Major F. et al. (1985) A randomized clinical trial of adjuvant adriamycin in uterine sarcomas: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 3: 1240–1245
Ottesen B., Fahrenkrug J. (1990) Regulatory peptides and uterine function. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 393–422
Parazzini F., La Vecchia C., Negri E., Cecchetti G., Fedele L. (1988) Epidemiologie characteristics of women with uterine fibroids: a case-control study. Obstet Gynecol 72: 853–857
Parkington H.C., Coleman H.A. (1990) The role of membrane potential in the control of uterine motility. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 195–248
Peacock G., Archer S. (1989) Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus: case report and review of the literature. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160: 1515–1518
Perrone T., Dehner L.P. (1988) Prognostically favorable “mitotically active” smooth-muscle tumors of the uterus. A clinicopathologic study of ten cases. Am J Surg Pathol 12: 1–8
Persaud V., Arjoon P.D. (1970) Uterine leiomyoma. Incidence of degenerative change and a correlation of associated symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 35: 432–436
Philippe E., Borrel D. (1975) Pseudosarcomatous leiomyomas of the uterus. Fusiform cell myomas, plexiform myomas and myomas with nuclear anomalies. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod Paris 4: 657–670
Philippe E., Charpin C. (1987) Pathology of endometriosis. Contrib Gynecol Obstet 16: 84–97
Philippe E., Charpin C. (1992) Pathologie gynecologique et obstetricale. Masson, Paris
Poulsen T.D. (1988) Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. Ann Chir Gynaecol 77: 41–44
Pounder D.J. (1982) Fatty tumours of the uterus. J Clin Pathol 35: 1380–1383
Prayson R.A., Hart W.R. (1992) Mitotically active leiomyomas of the uterus. Am J Clin Pathol 97: 14–20
Prayson R.A., Goldblum J.R., Hart W.R. (1997) Epithelioid smooth-muscle tumors of the uterus: a clinicopathologic study of 18 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 21: 383–391
Quade B.J. (1995) Pathology, cytogenetics and molecular biology of uterine leiomyomas and other smooth muscle lesions. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 7: 35–42
Quade B.J., McLachlin C.M., Soto-Wright V., Zuckerman J., Mutter G.L., Morton C.C. (1997) Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. Clonality analysis by X chromosome inactivation and cytogenetics of a clinically benign smooth muscle proliferation. Am J Pathol 150: 2153–2166
Quade B.J., Pinto A.P., Howard D.R., Peters W.A., Crum C.P. (1999) Frequent loss of heterozygosity for chromosome 10 in uterine leiomyosarcoma in contrast to leiomyoma. Am J Pathol 154: 945–950
Ramaekers F.C., Pruszczynski M., Smedts F. (1988) Cytokeratins in smooth muscle cells and smooth muscle tumours. Histopathology 12: 558–561
Reddy S.A., Poon T.P., Ramaswamy G., Tchertkoff V. (1985) Leiomyosarcoma of the ovary. NY State J Med 85: 218–220
Rishi M., Howard L.N., Bratthauer G.L., Tavassoli F.A. (1997) Use of monoclonal antibody against human inhibin as a marker for sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary. Am J Surg Pathol 21: 583–589
Roncaroli F., Eusebi V. (1996) Rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in a leiomyosarcoma of the retroperitoneum. Hum Pathol 27: 310–313
Rorie D.K., Newton M. (1967) Histologic and chemical studies of the smooth muscle in the human cervix and uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 99: 466–469
Rose P.G., Piver M.S., Tsukada Y., Lau T. (1989) Patterns of metastasis in uterine sarcoma. An autopsy study. Cancer 63: 935–938
Rossi M.J., Chegini N., Masterson B. J. (1992) Presence of epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and their receptors in human myometrial tissue and smooth muscle cells: their action in smooth muscle cells in vitro. Endocrinology 130: 1716–1727
Roth L.M., Reed R.J., Sternberg W.H. (1996) Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus. The Sternberg tumor. Am J Surg Pathol 20: 1455–1461
Rovner A.S., Murphy R.A., Owens G.K. (1986) Expression of smooth muscle and nonmuscle myosin heavy chains in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 261: 14740–14745
Rubin A., Ford J.A. (1974) Uterine fibromyomata in urban Blacks. A preliminary survey of the relationship between symptomatology, blood pressure and haemoglobin levels. S Afr Med J 48:2060–2062
Rubin S.C., Wheeler J.E., Mikuta J.J. (1986) Malignant leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. Obstet Gynecol 68: 126–130
Salazar O.M., Bonfiglio T.A., Patten S.F., Keller B.E., Feldstein M., Dunne M.E., Rudolph J. (1978a) Uterine sarcomas: natural history, treatment and prognosis. Cancer 42: 1152–1160
Salazar O.M., Bonfiglio T.A., Patten S.F., Keller B.E., Feldstein M.L., Dunne M.E., Rudolph J.H. (1978b) Uterine sarcomas: analysis of failures with special emphasis on the use of adjuvant radiation therapy. Cancer 42: 1161–1170
Salm R. (1973) The histogenesis of uterine lipomas. Beitr Pathol 149: 284–292
Sampson J.A. (1940) The development of the implantation theory for the origin of peritoncal endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 40: 554–557
Sampson J.A. (1945) The pathogenesis in postsalpingectomy endometriosis in laparotomy scars. Am J Obstet Gynecol 50: 597–620
Sarcoma Meta-Analysis Collaboration (1997) Adjuvant chemotherapy for localized resectable soft-tissue sarcoma of adults: meta-analysis of individual data. Lancet 350: 1647–1654
Schoenmakers E.F., Kools P.F., Mols R. et al. (1994a) Physical mapping of chromosome 12q breakpoints in lipoma, pleomorphic salivary gland adenoma, uterine leiomyoma, and myxoid liposarcoma. Genomics 20: 210–222
Schoenmakers E.F., Mols R., Wanschura S. et al. (1994b) Identification, molecular cloning, and characterization of the chromosome 12 breakpoint cluster region of uterine leiomyomas. Genes Chromosom Cancer 11: 106–118
Schweppe K.W. (1988) Drug therapy of endometriosis. Gynäkologe 21: 52–57
Scully R.E. (1976) Editorial: Mitosis counting. Hum Pathol 7: 481–482
Scully R.E., Riehardson G.S., Barlow J.F. (1966) The development of malignancy in endometriosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 9: 384–411
Scully R.E., Bonfiglio T.A., Kurman R.J. et al. (1994) Histological typing of female genital tract tumors. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Shetty M.R., Boghossian H.M., Duffell D., Freel R., Gonzales J.C. (1982) Tumor-induced hypoglycemia: a result of ectopic insulin production. Cancer 49: 1920–1923
Shirinsky V.P., Birukov K.G., Koteliansky V.E., Glukhova M.A., Spanidis E., Rogers J.D., Campbell J.H., Campbell G.R. (1991) Density-related expression of caldesmon and vinculin in cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. Exp Cell Res 194: 186–189
Sieinski W. (1989) Lipomatous neometaplasia of the uterus. Report of 11 cases with discussion of histogenesis and pathogenesis. Int J Gynecol Pathol 8: 357–363
Silverberg S.G. (1971) Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. A clinicopathologie study. Obstet Gynecol 38: 613–628
Silverberg S.G. (1976) Reproducibility of the mitosis count in the histologie diagnosis of smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. Hum Pathol 7: 451–454
Sitzenfrey A. (1911) Über Venenmyome des Uterus mit intravasculärem Wachstum. Z Geburtshilfe Gynäkol 68: 1–25
Skalli O., Vandekerckhove J., Gabbiani G. (1987) Actin-isoform pattern as a marker of normal or pathologieal smooth-muscle and fibroblastic tissues. Differentiation 33: 232–238
Sreenan J.J., Prayson R.A., Biscotti C.V., Thornton M.H., Easley K.A., Hart W.R. (1996) Histopathologie findings in 107 uterine leiomyomas tretaed with leuprolide acetate compared with 126 controls. Am J Surg Pathol 20: 427–432
Stegner H.E. (1994) Pathologie der weiblichen Genitalorgane II: Pathologie der Ovarien und Eileiter. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio (Spezielle pathologische Anatomie, Bd XX/2)
Soloff M.S. (1990) Oxytocin receptors in the uterus. In: Carsten M.E., Miller J.D. (eds.) Uterine function. Molecular and cellular aspects. Plenum, New York, pp 373–392
Suginami H., Kaura R., Ochi H., Matsuura S. (1990) Intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension: successful surgical management and histopathologie study. Obstet Gynecol 76: 527–529
Takahashi K., Abe M., Hiwada K., Kokubu T. (1988a) A novel troponin T-like protein (calponin) in vascular smooth muscle: interaction with tropomyosin paracrystals. J Hypertens Suppl 6: S40–S43
Takahashi K., Hiwada K., Kokubu T. (1988b) Vascular smooth muscle calponin.A novel troponin T-like protein. Hypertension 11: 620–626
Talerman A. (1967) Hemangiomas of the ovary and the uterine cervix. Obstet Gynecol 30:108–113
Tamaya T., Motoyama T., Ohono Y., Ide N., Tsurusaki T., Okada H. (1979) Steroid receptorlevels and histology of endometriosis and adenomyosis. Fertil Steril 31: 396–400
Tamaya T., Fujimoto J., Okada H. (1985) Comparison of cellular levels of steroid receptors in uterine leiomyoma and myometrium. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 64: 307-309
Taylor H.B., Norris H.J. (1966) Mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. IV. Diagnosis and prognosis of leiomyosarcomas. Arch Pathol 82: 40–44
Tierney W.M., Ehrlich C.E., Bailey J.C., King R.D., Roth L.M., Wann L.S. (1980) Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus with extension into the heart. Am J Med 69: 471–475
Tierney J.F., Mosseri V., Stewart L.A., Souhami R.L., Parmar M.K. (1995) Adjuvant chemotherapy for soft-tissue sarcoma: review and meta-analysis of the published results of randomised clinical trials. Br J Cancer 72: 469–475
Trzyna W., McHugh M., McCue P., McHugh K.M. (1997) Molecular determination of the malignant potential of smooth muscle neoplasms. Cancer 80: 211–217
Thomssen C., Löning T. (2000) Sarkome der weiblichen Genitalorgane. In: Bender H.G. (Hrsg) Spezielle Gynäkologische Onkologie I. Klinik der Frauenheilkunde und Geburthilfe. Urban & Fischer, München (im Druck)
Vakiani M., Mawad J., Talerman A. (1982) Heterologous sarcomas of the uterus. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1: 211–219
Van Diest P.J., Baak J.P., Matze Cok P. et al. (1992) Reproducibility of mitosis counting in 2,469 breast cancer specimens: results from the Multicenter Morphometric Mammary Carcinoma Project. Hum Pathol 23: 603–607
Vollenhoven B.J., Shekleton P., McDonald J., Healy D.L. (1990) Clinical predictors for buserelin acetate treatment of uterine fibroids: a prospective study of 40 women. Fertil Steril 54: 1032–1038
Vongtama V., Karlen J.R., Piver S.M., Tsukada Y., Moore R.H. (1976) Treatment, results and prognostic factors in stage I and II sarcomas of the corpus uteri. Am J Roentgenol 126: 139–147
Weed J.C., Geary W.L., Holland J.B. (1966) Adenomyosis of the uterus. Clin Obstet Gynecol 9: 412–421
Weiss D.B., Aldor A., Aboulafia Y. (1975) Erythrocytosis due to erythropoietin-producing uterine fibromyoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 122: 358–360
Weiss S.W., Langloss J.M., Enzinger F.M. (1983) Value of S-100 protein in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors with particular reference to benign and malignant Schwann cell tumors. Lab Invest 49:299–308
Welsh R.A., Meyer A.T. (1969) Ultrastructure of gastric leiomyoma. Arch Pathol 87: 71–81
Wheelock J.B., Krebs H.B., Schneider V., Goplerud D.R. (1985) Uterine sarcoma: analysis of prognostic variables in 71 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 151: 1016–1022
Yeh J., Rein M., Nowak R. (1991) Presence of messenger ribonucleic acid for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor demonstrable in monolayer cell cultures of myometria and leiomyomata. Fertil Steril 56: 997–1000
Young R.H., Scully R.E. (1990) Sarcomas metastatic to the ovary: a report of 21 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 9: 231–252
Zaloudek C., Norris H.J. (1995) Mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. In: Kurman R.J. (eds) Blaustein’s pathology of the female genital tract. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 487–528
Zhao Z.S. (1990) Bizarre leiomyoma of the uterus-a clinicopathological analysis of 21 cases. Chung Hua Chung Liu Tsa Chih 12: 441–443
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Löning, T. (2001). Funktionelle Morphologie und Pathologie des Myometriums. In: Pathologie der weiblichen Genitalorgane III. Spezielle pathologische Anatomie, vol 20 / 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56781-0_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56781-0_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63049-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56781-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive