Abstract
Ziel unserer Arbeit ist es, einen Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Definition des Begriffs „Biodiversität“ zu leisten. Dazu vergleichen wir Verfahren zur Biodiversitätsmessung anhand molekulargenetischer Daten aus Pflanzen auf ihre Eignung, Biodiversität quantitativ zu charakterisieren. Wir beschränken uns dabei auf solche Verfahren, die auf allen Ebenen biologischer Organisation anwendbar sind, auf denen Biodiversität beschrieben wird (Ehrlich u. Wilson 1991; Soule 1991; Wilson 1993).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Avise J, Wollenberg K (1997) Phylogenetics and the origin of species. PNAS 94: 7748–7755
Bachmann K (1998) Species as units of diversity: An outdated concept. Theory Biosci 117: 213–230
Banks J, Fedoroff N (1989) Patterns of developmental and heritable change in methylation of the suppressor-mutator transposable element. Developmental Genetics 10: 425–437
Barratt EM, Deaville R, Burland TM, Jones G, Racey PA, Wayne RK (1997) DNA answers the call of pipistrelle bat species. Nature 387: 138–139
Beadle G (1980) The ancestry of corn. Sci Am 242: 96–103
Boeke JD, Devine SE (1998) Yeast retrotransposons: Finding a nice quiet neighborhood. Cell 93: 1087–1089
Bradley D, Carpenter R, Sommer H, Hartley N, Coen E (1993) Complementary floral homeotic phenotypes result from opposite orientations of a transposon at the plena locus of Antirrhinum. Cell 22:85–95
Buckler EI, Holtsford T (1996) Zea systematics: ribosomal ITS evidence. Mol Biol Evol 13: 612–622
Caporal LH, (ed) (1999) Molecular Strategies in Biological Evolution. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 870. New York Ac Sc, New York
Colombo L, Franken J, Koetje E, van Went J, Dons H, Angenent G, van Tunen, A (1995) The petunia MADS box gene FBP11 determines ovule identity. Plant Cell 7: 1859–1868.
Crawford DJ (1990) Plant Molecular Systematics. Wiley, New York.
Crozier R, Kusmierski R (1994) Genetic distances and the setting of conservation priorities. In: Loeschcke V, Tomiuk J, Kain J (eds) Conservation Genetics. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp 1311–1323.
Davies B, Schwarz-Sommer Z (1994) Control of floral organ identity by homeotic MADS-box transcription factors. In: Nover L (ed) Results and problems in cell Differentiation, Vol. 20. Springer, Berlin, pp 235–258
Doebley J (1990a) Molecular evidence and the evolution of maize. Economic Bot 3 Suppl.: 6–27
Doebley J (1990b) Molecular systematics of ZEA (gramineae) Maydica 35: 143–150
Doebley J (1992) Mapping the genes that made maize. Trends in Genet 8: 302–307
Doebley J, Stec A, Hubbard L (1997) The evolution of apical dominance in maize. Nature 386: 485–488
Dubreuil P, Charcosset A (1998) Genetic diversity within and among maize populations: A comparison between isozyme and nuclear RFLP loci. Theor Appl Genet 96: 577–587
Ehrlich PR, Wilson, EO (1991) Biodiversity studies: Science and policy. Science 253: 758–762
Felsenstein J (1989) PHYLIP — phylogeny inference package (version 3.2). Cladistics 5: 164–166
Felsenstein J (1995) PHYLIP — phylogeny inference package 3.5c. Distributed by the author, available via ftp from ftp://ftp.genetics.washington.edu
Hagemann R (1999) Allgemeine Genetik. Urban und Fischer, München
Hanson B, Chin G, Sugden A, Culotta E (1999) The diversity of evolution. Science 284: 2105
Hu S, Oktsubo E, Davidson N, Saedler H (1975) Electron microscope heteroduplex studies of sequence relations among bacterial plasmids: Identification and mapping of the insertion sequences IS1 and IS2 in F and R plasmids. J Bacteriology 122: 764–775
Huijser P, Klein J, Lönnig WE, Meijer H, Saedler H, Sommer H (1992) Bracteomania, an inflorescence anomaly, is caused by the loss of function of the MADS-box gene squamosa in Antirrhinum majus. EMBO J 11: 1239–1249
Kidwell MG, Lisch D (1997) Transposable elements as sources of variation in animals and plants. PNAS 94 7704–7711
Kim JT (1996a) Distance distribution complexity: A measure for the structured diversity in evolving populations. In: Langton CG, Shimohara K (eds) Artificial Life V. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 281–288
Kim JT (1996b) Untersuchungen zur Evolution von morphologischer und taxonomischer Diversität und Komplexität anhand von Computermodellen. Dissertation, Universität zu Köln, ftp://ftp.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/pub/mpiz/zwdv/kim/diss/kimdiss.ps.gz
Kim JT, Theißen G (1999) The MADS-box gene home page. http://www.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/mads/
Knippers R (1997) Molekulare Genetik. Thieme, Stuttgart
Kunze R, Saedler H, Lönnig WE (1997) Plant transposable elements. Advances in Botanical Research 27: 331–470
Kurths J, Schwarz U, Witt A, Krampe R, Abel M (1995) Measures of complexity in signal analysis. In: Katz RA (ed) Chaotic, Fractal, and Nonlinear Signal Processing. Woodbury, New York, pp 33–54
Lebrun P, N’cho Y, Seguin M, Grivet L, Baudouin L (1998) Genetic diversity in coconut (cocos nucifera 1.) revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Euphytica 101: 103–108
Li WH, Graur D (1991) Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland
Livini C, Ajmone-Marsan P, Melchinger A, Messmer M, Motto M (1992) Genetic diversity of maize inbred lines within and among heterotic groups revealed by RFLPs. Theor Appl Genet 84: 17–25
Mandel M, Gustafson-Brown C, Savidge B, Yanofsky M (1992) Molecular characterization of the arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APETALA1. Nature 360: 273–277
Martinez ND (1996) Defining and measuring functional aspects of biodiversity. In: Gaston K (ed) Biodiversity — A Biology of Numbers and Difference. Blackwell Science, London, pp 114–148
Mathews S, Donoghue MJ (1999) The root of angiosperm phylogeny inferred from duplicate phytochrome genes. Science 286: 947–950
McGrady-Steed J, Harris PM, Morin PJ (1997) Biodiversity regulates ecosystem predictability. Nature 390: 162–165
Meyerowitz E (1998) Genetic and molecular mechanisms of pattern formation in arabidopsis flower development. J Plant Res 111: 233–242
Münster T, Pahnke J, Di Rosa A, Kim JT, Martin W, Saedler H, Theißen G (1997) Floral homeotic genes were recruited from homologous MADS-box genes preexisting in the common ancestor of ferns and seed plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 2415–2420
Nee S, May RM (1997) Extinction and the loss of evolutionary history. Science 278: 692–694
Nevers P, Shepherd N, Saedler H (1986) Plant transposable elements. Advances in Botanical Research 12: 103–203
Nyffeler R (1999) A new ordinal classification of the flowering plants. Trends Evol Ecol 14: 168–170
Parkinson CL, Adams KL, Palmer JD (1999) Multigene analyses identify the three earliest linbeages of extant flowering plants. Current Biology 9: 1485–1488
Putnam H (1993) Von einem realistischen Standpunkt. Rowohlt, Reinbek, Berlin
Qiu YL, Lee J, Bernasconi-Quadroni F, Soltis DE, Soltis, PS, Zanis M, Zimmer EA, Chen Z, Savolainen V, Chase MW (1999) The earliest angiosperms: Evidence from mitochondrial, plastid and nuclear genomes. Nature 402: 404–407
Raff R (1996) The shape of life — Genes, development, and the evolution of animal form. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Saedler H, Theißen G (1994) ‘On the origin of species’: Mythologische und molekularbiologische Vorstellungen zur Evolution von Mais. Jahrbuch 1993 Leopoldina 39: 261–275
Schwarz-Sommer Z, Huijser P, Nacken W, Saedler H, Sommer H (1990) Genetic control of flower development by homeotic genes in Antirrhinum majus. Science 250: 931–936
Smith JSC, Smith OS, Wright S, Wall SJ, Walton M (1992) Diversity of U.S. hybrid maize germplasm as revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Crop Science 32: 598–604
Smith O, Smith J (1992) Measurement of genetic diversity among maize hybrids: A comparison of isozymic, RFLP, pedigree, and heterosis data. Maydica 37: 53–60
Solow AR, Polasky S, Broadus J (1993) On the measurement of biological diversity. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 24: 60–68
Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Chase MW (1999) Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from multiple genes as a tool for comparative biology. Nature 402: 402–404
Sommer H, Beltràn JP, Huijser P, Pape H, Lönnig WE, Saedler H, Schwarz-Sommer Z (1990) Deficiens, a homeotic gene involved in the control of flower morphogenesis in Antirrhinum majus: the protein shows homology to transcription factors. EMBO J 9: 605–613
Soulé ME (1991) Conservation: Tactics for a constant crisis. Science 253: 744–750
Tautz D (1996) Selector genes, polymorphisms, and evolution. Science 271: 160–161
Theißen G, Becker A, Di Rosa A, Kanno A, Kim J, Münster T, Winter KU, Saedler H (2000) A short history of MADS-box genes in plants. Plant Molecular Biology 42: 115–149
Theißen G, Kim JT, Saedler H (1996) Classification and phylogeny of the MADS-box multigene family suggest defined roles of MADS-box gene subfamilies in the morphological evolution of eukaryotes. J Mol Evol 43:484–516
Theißen G, Saedler H (1995) MADS-box genes in plant ontogeny and phylogeny: Haeckel’s ‘biogenetic law’ revisited. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 5: 628–639
Theißen G, Saedler, H (1998) Molecular architects of plant body plans. Progress in Botany 59: 227–256
Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M, Reijans M, van de Lee T, Homes M, Frijters A, Pot J, Peleman J, Kuiper M, Zabeau M (1995) AFLP: A new concept for DNA fingerprinting. Nucl. Acids Res., 23:4407–4414
Wang RL, Stec A, Hey J, Lukens L, Doebley J (1999) The limits of selection during maize domestication. Nature 398: 236–239
Weigel D, Meyerowitz E (1994) The ABCs of floral homeotic genes. Cell 78: 203–209
Whitkus R, de la Cruz M, Mota-Bravo L, Gómez-Pompa A (1998) Genetic diversity and relationships of cacao (theobroma cacao 1.) in southern mexico. Theor Appl Genet 96: 621–627
Williams PH, Humphries CJ, Vane-Wright RI (1991) Measuring biodiversity taxonomic relatedness for conservation priorities. Australian Systematic Botany 4: 665–680
Willson SJ (1998) Measuring inconsistency in phylogenetic trees. J theor Biol 190: 15–36
Wilson EO (1993) Biodiversity: Challenge, science, opportunity. Amer Zool 34: 5–11
Winter KU, Becker A, Münster T, Kim JT, Saedler H, Theißen G (1999) MADS-box genes reveal that gnetophytes are more closely related to conifers than to flowering plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 7342–7347
Yanofsky M, Ma H, Bowman J, Drews G, Feldman K, Meyerowitz E (1990) The protein encoded by the arabidopsis homeotic gene agamous resembles transcription factors. Nature 346: 35–39
Yu K, Pauls K (1992) Optimization of the PCR program for RAPD analysis. Nucl Acids Res 20: 2606
Zhu J, Gale M, Quarrie S, Jackson M, Bryan G (1998) AFLP markers for the study of rice biodiversity. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 96: 602–611
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kim, J.T., Schwöbbermeyer, H., Theißen, G., Saedler, H. (2001). Biodiversitätsmessung bei Pflanzen anhand molekularer Daten: Ein Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Definition von Biodiversität. In: Janich, R., Gutmann, M., Prieß, K. (eds) Biodiversität. Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56739-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56739-1_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-42658-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56739-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive