Skip to main content

Placebo and Panacea: The Healing Effect of Nutritional Supplements

  • Chapter
Book cover Food and Nutritional Supplements

Abstract

No less than forty per cent of the British population take regular nutritional supplements Most take cod liver oil capsules and multivitamin tablets, but evening primrose oil, minerals and herbal remedies are also very popular. Nutrition supplements now const itute a multimillion pound industry. At the last estimate, the figure for the total cost of nutrition supplements had risen to an astounding 360 million pounds a year [1] and the market is set to increase for at least another four years. Self medication with supplements has increased in parallel with the use of alternative or complementary therapy. One in five Britons now use complementary therapies, while in the United States, there are more visits to providers of alternative medicine than to primary care physicians [2]. Similar trends are occurring throughout the developed world. For example between 25 and 75% of people living in the UK, Holland, Germany, Finland and Australia undertake some form of alternative or complementary therapy to treat the chronic malaise that orthodox medicine does not help. Japan spends one and a half billion dollars per year on herbal (kampo) remedies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Euromonitor. Vitamins and dietary supplements. Market research Europe. 31 (Jan-March]. London, Euromonitor Plc. 1999

    Google Scholar 

  2. Eisenberg DM, Kessler RC, Foster C, Narlock FE, Calkins DR, Delblanco TL. Unconventional medicine in the United States. Prevalence costs and patterns of use. New England Journal of Medicine 1993; 328: 246–252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food. National Food Survey, 1997. Annual report on household food consumption and expenditure. London: HMSO, 1998

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gregory J, Foster K, Tyler H, Wiseman M. The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults. London: HMSO, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  5. Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and beta-carotene, and other carotenoids. The National Academy of Sciences. 2000; 4–7

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wickramasekere I. How does biofeedback reduce clinical symptoms and so memories and beliefs have biologic al consequences? Towards a model of mind-body healing. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 1999; 24: 91–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kirk SFL, Cade JE, Conner MT, Barrett JH. Supplem entary issues for women. Nutrition Bulletin 1998; 23; 197–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Bakal D. Self medication versus self soothing. Minding the body. Clinical uses of somatic awareness. London: The Guildford Press, 2000:82–129

    Google Scholar 

  9. Brown WA. The placebo effect. Scientific American 1998; 278: 90–95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Brown GW. Life events and illness. London: The Guilford Press, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  11. McEwen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England Journal of Medieine 1998; 338; 171–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wessely S, Nimnuan C, Sharpe M. Functional somatic syndromes: one or many? Lancet 1999; 354: 936–939

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Dunnell K. Are we Healthier? In: Charlton J, Murphy M (eds) The Health of Adult Britain 1841–1994. London: The Stationery Office, 1997: 173–181

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tofler A. Future Shock. London: Pan, 2000

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hofer MA. The mother infant interactionas a regulator of infant physiology and behaviour. In: Rosenblum L, Molz H (eds) Symbiosis in parent offspring interactions. New York: Plenum, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wickramasekere I, Wickramasekere IE. A Case Study: Electromyographic correlates in the hypnotic recall of a repressed memory. Dissociation 1997; X[1]: 11–20

    Google Scholar 

  17. Stern DN. The First Relationship. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  18. Winnicott DW. Transitional objects and transitional phenomena. Through paediatrics to psychoanalysis. Collected papers. London: Kamac books, 1951: 229–242

    Google Scholar 

  19. Brenman E. Hysteria. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 1985; 66: 423–432

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pearce JMS. The placebo enigma. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1995; 88: 215–220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wickramasekere I. A conditioned response model of the placebo effect. Predictions from the model. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 1980; 5[1]; 5–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Simini B. Letter. Lancet 1994; 344: 1642–1642

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Shapiro AK, Morris LA. The placebo effect in medical and psychological therapies. In: Garfield S, Bergin AE (eds) Handbook of psychotherapy and behavioural change. New York: Wiley, 2000: 3 69–410

    Google Scholar 

  24. Greenberg RP, Fisher S. Examining antidepressant effectiveness. Findings, ambiguities and some vexing puzzles. In: Greenberg RP, Fisher S (eds) The limits of biological treatments for psychological distress. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  25. Roberts AH, Kewman DG, Mereier L, Hovell M. The power of non specific effects in healing: implications of psychosocial and biological treatments. Clinical Psychology Review 1993; 13:375–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rosensweig P, Brohier S, Zipfield A. The placebo effect in healthy volunteers: influence of experimental conditions on adverse events profile during phase I studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993; 54:578–583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Voudouris NJ, Peck CL, Coleman G. The role of conditioning and verbal expectancy in the placebo response. Pain 1990; 43: 121–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kirsch I. Hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive behavioral psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1996; 64: 517–519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Buckalew LW, Coffield KE. An investigation of drug expectancy, function of capsule colour, size and preparation form. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1982; 2: 245–248

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chaput de Saintonge DM, Herxheimer A. Harnessing placebo effects in health care. Lancet 1994; 344: 995–998

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. BBC On Une. An anecdote from Denis, Dean of Durharn, 1684–1691. Trust Me, I’m a Doctor. 2000

    Google Scholar 

  32. Showater E. Hystories: Hysterical Epidemics and Modem Culture. London: Picador, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  33. Worrall J. Personal communication. In: Grunbaum A (ed) The placebo concept in medicine and psychiatry. Psychological Medicine, 1986: 19–38

    Google Scholar 

  34. Blackwell B, Bloomfield SS, Buncher CR. Demonstrations to medical students of placebo responses and non drug factors. Lancet 1972; ii 1279–1282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Evans FJ. The placebo response in pain reduction. Advances in Neurology 1974; 4: 289–296

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kroenke K, Mangelsdorff D. Common symptoms in ambulatory care: incidence, evaluation, therapy and outcome. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 1989; 86: 262–266

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Dimond EC, Kittle CF, Crocket JE. Comparison of internal mammary ligation and sham operation for angina pectoris. AmericanJournal Cardiology 1960; 5: 483–486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kopi I. The mechanism of the psychophysiological effects of placebo. Medical Hypotheses 1988; 27: 261–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Whorwell PJ, Prior A, Faraghar EB. Controlled trial of hypnotherapy in the treatment of severe refractory irritable bowel syndrome. Lancet 1984; 2: 1232–1234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Benson H, Friedman R. Harnessing the power of the placebo response and calling it remembered wellness. Annals Rev Medicine 1996: 47: 193–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Burton R. The Anatomy of Melancholy. New York: Empire State Book Company, 1628

    Google Scholar 

  42. Franklin B. Report of Dr Benjamin Franklin and other commissioners charged by the King of France with the examination of animal magnetism, as now practiced in Paris. London, J. Johnson, 1785

    Google Scholar 

  43. Gallimore RG, Turner TL. Contemporary studies of the placebo phenomenon. In: Jewek ME, editor. Psychopathology in the practice of medicine. New York: Appleton Century Crofts, 1978:51–52

    Google Scholar 

  44. Wickramasekere I. Secrets kept from the mind but not the body or behaviour: the unsolved problems of identifying and treating somatisation and psychophysiological disease. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 1998; 14: 81–132

    Google Scholar 

  45. Mintel Marketing Intelligence. Vitamins, minerals and dietary supplements. London: Mintel International Group, Ltd. 1999

    Google Scholar 

  46. Ronchetti IT, Quaglino D, Bergamini G. Ascorbic acid and connective tissue. Subcellular Biochemistry 1996; 25: 249–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Brody H. The lie that heals. Ann Int Med 1982; 97: 112–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Grunbaum A. The foundations of psychoanalysis. A philosophical critique. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  49. Gottlieb S. US relaxes its guidelines on herbai supplements. BMJ 2000; 320: 208–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Read, N.W. (2001). Placebo and Panacea: The Healing Effect of Nutritional Supplements. In: Ransley, J.K., Donnelly, J.K., Read, N.W. (eds) Food and Nutritional Supplements. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56623-3_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56623-3_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62598-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56623-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics