Skip to main content

Dietary Supplements and their Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease

  • Chapter
  • 328 Accesses

Abstract

Despite all the strategies to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) and the advances in the treatment of existing disease it remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. The lifetime risk of coronary events is such that most adult men will suffer a coronary event and the proportion of women similarly affected, although smaller, is still sizeable. Prevention of CHD is one of the UK Government’s key targets set out in ‘Saving lives: our healthier nation’ and whilst rates of CHD have begun to fall, the UKremains one of the world’s black spots for coronary disease [1]. Although much public concern is about death from HIV and cancer, heart disease remains numerically a much greater threat to health. Even in the developing world CHD, once infrequent compared with deaths due to infectious diseases, is now an important disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Great Britain. Dept. of Health, Saving lives: our healthier nation, presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Health by command of Her Majesty, July 1999

    Google Scholar 

  2. Keys A. Seven countries. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  3. Nieholson K, Ramsay LE, Haq IU, Wallis EJ, Gharamani P, Jackson PR, Yeo WW. Factors affecting the acceptance of drug therapy to prevent myocardial infarction. Br J clin Pharmac 1999; 47: 580P

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chalmers I. Unbiased, relevant, and reliable assessments in health care. BMJ 1998; 317: 1167–1168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Feinstein AR. Epidemiologie analyses of causation: the unlearned scientific lessons of randomized trials. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 1989; 42: 481–489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kaufmann RL, Assal JPh, Soeldner JS, Wilmshurst EG, Lemaire JR, Gleason RE. White P. Plasma lipid levels in diabetie children. Effect of diet restricted in cholesterol and saturated fats. Diabetes. 1975; 24: 672–679

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Corr LA, Oliver ME The low fat/low cholesterol diet is ineffective European Heart Journal. 1997; 18: 18–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hjermann I. Smoking and diet intervention in healthy coronary high risk men. Methods and 5 year follow-up of risk factors in a randomized trial. The Oslo study. Journal of Oslo City Hospital 1980; 30: 3–17

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ravnskov U. Cholesterollowering trials in coronary heart disease: frequency of citation and outcome. BMJ 1992; 305: 15–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Clarke R. Frost C. Collins R. Appleby P. Peto R. Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol: quantitative meta-analysis of metabolie ward studies. BMJ. 1997; 314: 112–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ramsay LE, Yeo WW, Jackson PR. Dietary reduction of serum cholesterol concentration: time to think again. BMJ 1991; 303: 953–957

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Mult iple risk factor intervention trial. Risk factor changes and mortality results. JAMA 1982; 248: 1465–1477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Mediterranean α-linolenic acid-rieh diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. De Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N et. al. Lancet 1994; 343: 1454–1459

    Google Scholar 

  14. Randomised controlIed trial of cardioprotective diet in patients with recent acute myocardial infarction: results of one year follow up. Singh RB, Rastogi SS, Verma R et al. BMJ 1992; 304: 1015–1019

    Google Scholar 

  15. Minnis RC, Haq IU, Jackson PR, Yeo WW Ramsay LE. Oily fish and fish oil supplements in the prevention of coronary heart disease. J Hum Nutr Dietet 1998; 11: 13–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Shekelle RB, Missell L, Paul O, Shryock SM, Stamler J. Fish consumption and mortality from coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 820–821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kromhout D, Bosschieter EB, de Lezenne Coulander C. The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1985; 312: 1205–1209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Norell SE, Ahlbom A, Feychting M, Pedersen NL. Fish consumption and mortality from coronary heart disease. BMJ 1986; 293: 426

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gramenzi A, Gentile A, Fasoli M, Negri E, Parazzini F, La Vecchia C. Association between certain foods and risk of acute myocardial infarction in women. BMJ. 1990; 300: 771–773

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci EL, Willett WC. Dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids, fish intake, and the risk of coronary disease among men. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 977–982

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Yano K, Reed DM, Curb JD, Hankin JH, Albers JJ. Biological and dietary correlates of plasma lipids and lipoproteins among elderly Japanese men in Hawaii. Arteriosclerosis. 1986; 6: 422–433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: Diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet 1989; ii: 757–761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. GISSI-Preventzione Investigators. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Preventzione trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 447–455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Singh RB, Rastogi SS, Verma R et al. Randomised controlled trial of cardioprotective diet in patients with recent myocardial infarction: results of one year follow up. BMJ 1992; 304: 1015–1019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Saso Y, Kitamura K, Ysoshima A, Iwasaki HO, Takashima K, Doi K, Morita T. Rapid induction of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Histology & Histopathology. 1992; 7: 315–320

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fraser GE, Sabaté J, Beeson WL, Strahan M. A possible protective effect of nut consumption on risk of coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152: 1416–1424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE et al. Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: prospective cohort study. BMJ 1998; 317: 1341–1345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Sabaté J, Fraser GE, Burke K, Knutsen SF, Bennet H, Lindsted KD. Effects of walnuts on serum lipid levels and blood pressure in normal men. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 603–607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ, Willett WCs. Vegetable, fruit, and cereal fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease among men. JAMA 1996; 275: 447–451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW. Homocysteine and vascular disease. Lancet 1999; 354: 407–413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wilcken DE, Wilcken B. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. A possible role for methionine metabolism. J clin Invest 1976; 57: 1079–1082

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Frosst P, Blom HJ, Milos R et al. A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nat Genet 1995; 10: 111–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Brattstrom L, Wilcken DEL, Ohrvik J, Brudin L. Common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation leads to hyperhomocysteinemia but not to vascular disease. Circulation 1998; 98: 2520–2526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB et al. Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women. JAMA. 1998; 279: 359–364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Homocysteine Lowering Trialists’ Collaboration. Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 1998; 316: 894–898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Wilcken DEL, Wilcken B. The natural history of vascular disease in homocystinuria and the effects of treatment. J Inher Metab Dis 1997; 20: 295–300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Steinberg D, Pathasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witzum JL. Beyond cholesterol: modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 915–924

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Steinberg D. Antioxidants in the prevention of human atherosclerosis: summary of the proceedings of a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Workshop: September 5–6, 1991, Bethesda, Maryland. Circulation 1992; 85: 2337–2344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Knekt P, Trunanen A, Javinen R, Seppanen R, Heliovaara M, Aromaa A. Antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary mortality in a longitudinal population study. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 139: 1180–1189

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC et al. A prospective study of vitamin C and incidence of coronary heart disease in women. Circulation 1992; 85: 865

    Google Scholar 

  41. Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1450–1456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Enstrom JE, Kanim LE, Klein MA. Vitamin C intake and mortality among a sampie of the United States population. Epidemiology 1992; 3: 194–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Gale CR, Martyn CN, Winter PD, Cooper C. Vitamin C and risk of death from stroke and coronary heart disease in cohort of elderly people. BMJ 1995; 310: 1563–1566

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ness A, Egger M, Davey-Smith G. Role of antioxidant vitamins in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. BMJ 1999; 319: 577

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Jha P, Flather M, Lonn E, Farkouh M, Yusuf S. The antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123: 860–872

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Egger M, Schneider M, Davey-Smith G. Meta-analysis Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ 1998; 316: 140–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Rimm EB, Stampfer MI, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Engl. J Med 1993; 328: 1450–1456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Stampfter MJ, Hennekens CH, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1444–1449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Knekt P, Reunanen A, Iarvinen R, Seppanen R, Heliovaara M, Aromaa A. Antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary mortality in a longitudinal population study. Am J of Epidemiol 1994; 139: 1180–1189

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kushi LH, Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, Mink PJ, Wu Y, Bostick RM. Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1156–1162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. α-Tocopherol, ß-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and ß-carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1029–1035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Rapola JM, Virtamo J, Haukka JK, Heinonen OP, Albanes D, Taylor PR et al. Effect of vitamin E and ß-carotene on the incidence of angina pectoris: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. JAMA 1996; 275: 693–698

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Rapola JM, Virtamo J, Ripatti S, Huttunen JK, Albanes D, Taylor PR et al. Randomised trial of tocopherol and carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with previous myocardial infarction. Lancet 1997; 349: 1715–1720

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, Kelly F, Cheeseman K, Mitchin son MT et al. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge heart antioxidant study (CHAOS). Lancet 1996; 347: 781–786

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. The HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) Study Investigators. Effects of longterm vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events in 9541 high-risk persons. N Engl J Med (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Steinberg D. Antioxidant Vitamins and Coronary Heart Disease. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1487–1489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Blackwelder WC, Yano K, Rhoads GG, Kagan A, Gordon T, Palesch Y. Alcohol and mortality: the Honolulu Heart Study. Am J Med 1980; 68: 164–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Thun MT, Peto R, Lopez AD et al. Alcohol consumption and mortality among middle-aged and elderly US adults. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1705–1714

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Law M, Wald N. Why heart disease is low in France: the time lag explanation. BMJ 1999; 318: 1471–1480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Miettinen TA, Puska P, Gylling H, Vanhanen H, Vartiainen E. Reduction of serum cholesterol with sitostanol-ester margarine in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1308–1312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jackson, P., Ramsay, L., Wallis, E. (2001). Dietary Supplements and their Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease. In: Ransley, J.K., Donnelly, J.K., Read, N.W. (eds) Food and Nutritional Supplements. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56623-3_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56623-3_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62598-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56623-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics