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Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Protein 2-Induced Activation of the EBV-Replicative Cycle in Akata Cells: Analysis by Tetracycline-Regulated Expression

  • Chapter
Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Cancer

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 258))

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Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus has a unique ability to transform human B cells into activated lymphoblasts and establish lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) with infinite proliferative potential in vitro (for review, see Kieff 1996). This process, termed growth transformation or immortalization, is supposed to be a prerequisite for the virus’ ability to establish life-long persistent infection in humans. Since similar signal pathways are activated and similar genes are induced in both EBV-mediated immortalization and antigen-induced activation, it is generally considered that EBV utilizes the normal mechanism of antigen-induced activation to immortalize B lymphocytes. In EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cells, viral DNA persists as circular episomes, and 11 viral genes are expressed. This program of EBV gene expression is called latency III (for review, see Rickinson and Kieff 1996). Six of the eleven genes code for EBV nuclear proteins (EBNAs 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 3C, and LP) and three for latent membrane proteins (LMPs 1, 2A, and 2B). The remaining two genes code for the EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs 1 and 2), that are not translated into proteins. In addition, a family of extensively spliced messenger (m)RNAs containing the BARF0 open reading frame are transcribed from a region including the BamHl A fragment, but their protein products have not been definitely identified. Genetic analyses using recombinant EBVs so far showed that EBNA2, EBNA3A, EBNA3C, and LMP1 are essential for lymphocyte immortalization Kieff 1996). EBNA1 is required for intracellular persistence of EBV DNA in a plasmid form.

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  1. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Oyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan

    S. Fujiwara

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  1. Institute for Genetic Medicine, Department of Tumor Virology, Hokkaido University, N15 W7, Kita-Ku, 060-8638, Sapporo, Japan

    Kenzo Takada

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Fujiwara, S. (2001). Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Protein 2-Induced Activation of the EBV-Replicative Cycle in Akata Cells: Analysis by Tetracycline-Regulated Expression. In: Takada, K. (eds) Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Cancer. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 258. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56515-1_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56515-1_3

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