Zusammenfassung
Zahlreiche Umweltchemikalien, die aus den unterschiedlichsten Quellen in die Gewässer gelangen, werden der Wasserphase zunächst dadurch entzogen, daβ sie sich den Schwebstoffen und Sedimenten anlagern (z.B. Schwermetallverbindungen, Pestizide, halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, polyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe). Unter dem Aspekt der ursprünglich wirksamen Schadstoffkonzentration wirkt dieser Prozeβ für die Organismen in der Wassersäule entgiftend. Der Prozess ist teilweise reversibel und Sedimente fungieren als Quellen für Schadstoffe, die auf aquatische Organismen wirken. Darüberhinaus werden Benthosorganismen ständig diesen sedimentgebundenen Chemikalien ausgesetzt. Sedimenttoxizität ist im weitesten Sinn definiert als ökologische und biologische Änderung, die durch kontaminiertes Sediment verursacht wird. Sie kann aber auch pragmatisch bestimmt werden, als negative Wirkung an einem Testorganismus, der einem belasteten Sediment ausgesetzt wurde. Bei der Differenzierung von toxischen Effekten sedimentassoziierter Schadstoffe müssen jedoch sowohl die Sensitivitäten von Testorganismen als auch die möglichen Aufnahmewege der Chemikalien berücksichtigt werden. Dieses Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der Diskussion moglicher Prozesse, durch die sedimentgebundene Chemikalien biologisch verfügbar werden und nachteilige Wirkungen erzeugen können.
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Ahlf, W., Hansen, P.D., Lorch, D., Tippmann, P., Traunspurger, W., Weßler, A. (2001). Ökotoxikologische Testmethoden. In: Calmano, W. (eds) Untersuchung und Bewertung von Sedimenten. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56483-3_6
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