Zusammenfassung
Innerhalb des Eiszeitalters, des Quartärs (letzte 2500000 Jahre), hat das Klima der Erde mehrfach zwischen Zeiten sehr kalter Bedingungen und solchen geschwankt, die den heutigen mehr oder weniger entsprochen hatten oder die sogar deutlich wärmer und meist auch feuchter gewesen waren. Die Kaltzeiten hatten ab etwa 610000 vor heute (v.h.) den Aufbau großer Inlandeismassen ermöglicht. Sie waren also als Eiszeiten zu bezeichnen. Die zwischengeschalteten, bedeutenden Warmzeiten gelten als Interglaziale, obwohl nicht stets erwiesen ist, daß sie tatsächlich zwischen Eiszeiten vermittelt hatten, wenn sich auch immer mehr Hinweise auf noch frühere große Eisvorstöße als erst ab 610000 Jahren v. h. häufen. So weit bekannt, dauerten die Interglaziale in der Regel zwischen etwa 15000 und 10000 Jahren. Dies ergab sich aus der Analyse jahreszeitlich geschichteter Ozean- oder Seeablagerungen (d.h. lakustriner Sedimente). Die bisher letzte Warmzeit bedeutenden Ausmaßes, die Nacheiszeit oder das Holozän, begann nach Ausweis jahreszeitlich geschichteten Inlandeises, von Seeablagerungen und Jahrringen langlebiger Bäume (Björck et al. 1996; Spurk et al. 1998) vor etwa 11550 Jahren. Wesentlich länger dauerten die Kaltzeiten, und zwar seit etwa 610.000 v. h. jeweils ungefähr 100000Jahre, vorher aber um 80000 Jahre oder etwas weniger (Berger et al. 1994).
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Frenzel, B., Cramer, W., Tevini, M. (2001). Änderungen in der Atmosphäre in ihren Auswirkungen auf die Vegetation. In: Guderian, R. (eds) Handbuch der Umweltveränderungen und Ökotoxikologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56413-0_2
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