Skip to main content

Anfallsleiden

  • Chapter
Neurologische Therapie
  • 133 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Epilepsien haben eine Prävalenz von 0,5–1% und die jährliche altersunabhängige Inzidenz liegt bei etwa 40 Neuerkrankungen pro 100000 Einwohner. Die sozialmedizinische Bedeutung dieser Erkrankung entsteht durch ihre hohe Inzidenz im Kindesalter mit nachfolgend gleichbleibenden niedrigeren Werten in mittleren Lebensabschnitten. Im Alter nimmt sie wieder zu und überschreitet sogar die Werte des Kindesalters. Bei der sich ändernden Alterspyramide gewinnt die Erkrankung deshalb zunehmend an Bedeutung. Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen neurologischen Erkrankungen existieren effektive Therapiemöglichkeiten, so dass durch ärztliches Handeln das Krankheitsbild akut und chronisch richtungsweisend beeinflusst werden kann. Die nachfolgenden Therapiegesichtspunkte beziehen sich auf das Erwachsenenalter. Das Kindesalter wird nur insofern berücksichtigt, als sich bei Jugendlichen Überschneidungen mit kindlichen Epilepsiesyndromen ergeben.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 149.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Aldrege BK, Lowenstein DH, Simon RP (1989) A placebo-controlled trial of intravenous phenytoin for the acute treatment of alcohol withdrawl seizures. Am J Med 87:645–647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck-Mannagetta G (1989) Epilepsie und Kinderwunsch: Fertilität, Kontrazeption und Geburt, Neugeborenenperiode und Stillzeit. Epilepsieblätter 2:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Besser R, Krämer G, Theisohn M (1989) Carbamazepin retard in der Epilepsietherapie. Pharmakokinetik bei abendlicher Einmalgabe. Akt Neurol 16: 86–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Besser R, Krämer G (1995) Anfallskontrolle bei idiopathischen generalisierten Epilepsien im Erwachsenenalter. Epilepsieblätter 8: 23–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Blank R (1990) Antikonvulsiva und ihre psychischen Wirkungen — eine Übersicht. Üortschr Neurol Psychiatr 58:19–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodie MJ, Richens A, Yuen AWC (1995) Double-blind comparison of lamotrigine and carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Lancet 345:476–479

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Browne TR, Feldmann RG, Buchanan RA et al. (1983) Methsuximide for complex partial seizures: Efficacy, toxicity, clinical pharmacology, and drug interactions. Neurology 33:414–418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick D (1999) Safety and efficacy of vigabatrin and carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy: a multicentre randomised double-blind study. Lancet 354:13–19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christe W, Krämer G, Vigonius U, Pohlmann H, Steinhoff B, Brodie M, Moore A (1997) A double-blinde controlled clinical trial: oxcarbazepine versus sodium valproate in adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsy Research 26:451–460

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockerell OC, Johnson AL, Sander JWAS, Hart YM, Shorvon SD (1995) Remission of epilepsy: results from the National General Practice Study of epilepsy. Lancet 346:140–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comission on Classification and terminology of the International League against Epilepsy (1981) Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. Epilepsia 22:489–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comission on Classification and terminology of the International League against Epilepsy (1989) Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Epilepsia 30:389–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dichter MA, Brodie MJ (1996) New antiepileptic drugs. N Engl J Med 234:1583–1590

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreifuss FE, Santilli N, Langer DH, Sweeney KP, Moline KA, Menander KB (1987) Vaproic acid hepatic fatalities: A retrospective review. Neurology 37: 379–385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eclampsia Trial Collaborative Group (1995) Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia? Evidence from the collaborative eclasmpsia trial. Lancet 345:1455–1463

    Google Scholar 

  • Faught E, Wilder BJ, Ramsay RE et al.(1996) Topiramate placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial in refractory partial epilepsy using 200, 400, and 600 mg daily dosages. Neurology 46: 1684–1690

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foy, PM, Chadwick DW, Rajgopalan N, Johnson AL, Schaw MDM (1992) Do prophylactic anticonvulsant drugs alter the pattern of seizures after craniotomy? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55: 753–757

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Felbamat Study Group (1993) Efficacy of felbamat in childhood epileptic encephalopathy (Lennox-Gastaut-Syndrome). N Engl J Med 328:29–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferendelli JA (1995) Relating pharmacology to clinical practice: The pharmacologic basis of rational polypharmacy. Neurology 45(Suppl 2): 12–16

    Google Scholar 

  • First seizure trial group (1993) Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in reducing the risk of relapse after a first unprovoked seizure. Neurology 43:478–483

    Google Scholar 

  • Fröscher W, Neher KD (1992) Kombinationstherapie bei Epilepsien. Epilepsieblätter 5:69–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Gastaut H (1982) Wörterbuch der Epilepsie. Hippokrates, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Glantz MJ, Cole BF, Friedberg MH et al. (1996) A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial of divalproex sodium prophylaxis in adults with newly diagnosed brain tumors. Neurology 46:985–991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graves NM (1995) Neuropharmacology and drug interactions in clinical practice. Epilepsia 36(Suppl 2): 27–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herzog AG (1986) Intermittend progesteron therapy and frequency of complex partial seizures in women with menstrual disorders. Neurology 36:1607–1610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isojarvi JIT, Pakarinen AJ, Ylipalosaari PJ, Myllylä VV (1990) Serum hormones in male epileptic patients receiving anticonvulsant medication. Arch Neurol 47:670–676

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kälviäinen R, Nousiainen I, Mäntyjärvi M et al. (1999) Vigabatrin, a gabaergic antiepileptic drug causes concentric visual field defects. Neurology 53: 922–926

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krämer G, Seddigh S, Bredel-Geißler A (1993) Lamotrigin (Lamictal): ein neues Antiepileptikum zur Zusatzbehandlung bislang therapieresistenter Epilepsien. Akt Neuroi 20:111–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krämer G (1997) The limitations of antiepileptic drug monotherapy. Epilepsia 38(Suppl 5): 9–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindhout D, Schidt D (1986) In-utero exposure to valproate and neural tube defects. Lancet I: 1392–1393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowenstein DH, Alldrege BK (1998) Status epilepticus. N Engl J Med 338: 970–976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lüders HO, Burgess R, Noachtar S (1993) Expanding the International Classification of Seizures to provide localization information. Neurology 43:1650–1655

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marson AG, Kadir ZA, Chadwick DW (1996) New antiepileptic drugs: a systematic review of their efficacy and tolerability. BMJ 313:1169–1174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattson RH, Cramer JA, Collins JF (1992) A comparison of valproate with carbamazepine for the treatment of complex partial seizures and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults. N Engl J Med 327: 765–771

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattson RH, Cramer JA, Collins JF (1996) Prognosis for total control of complex partial and secondarily generalized tonic clonic seizures. Neurology 47:68–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLain LW, Martin JT, Allen JH (1980) Cerebellar degeneration due to chronic phenytoin therapy. Ann Neurol 7:18–23

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morris HH, Kanner A, Lüders H et al. (1989) Can sharp waves localized at the sphenoidal electrode accurately identify a mesio-temporal epileptogenic focus? Epilepsia 30:532–539

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MRC Vitamin Study Research Group (1991) Prevention of neural tube defects: Results of the medical research council vitamin study. Lancet 338:131–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ojemann LM, Baugh-Bookman C, Dudley DL (1987) Effect of psychotropic medications on seizure control in patients with epilepsy. Neurology 37:1525–1527

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patsalos PN (2000) Pharmacokinetic profile of levetiracetam: toward ideal characteristics. Pharmacol Ther 85: 77–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneble H (1975) Behandlung atypischer Absencen mit einer Succinimid-Dipropylacetat-Kombination. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 100:1564–1567

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Gubermann AH, Boisvert D (1995) Clobazam in long-term Epilepsy treatment: Sustained responders versus those developing tolerance. Epilepsia 36: 798–803

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefan H, Hoffmann F, Fichsl H (1983) Therapie generalisierter Epilepsien mit Langzeit-EEG-gesteuerter Einmalgabe von Natrium Valproat. Nervenarzt 54:430–434

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinhoff BJ, Herrendorf G, Bittermann HJ, Kurth CH (1995) Neue Antiepileptika: Gabapentin. Epilepsieblätter 8:3–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenzel E (1993) Auswirkungen interkurrenter Erkrankungen und Operationen auf die Pharmakokinetik antiepileptischer Medikamente und die Steuerung der antiepileptischen Therapie. Epilepsieblätter 6:11–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki A, Aso K, Ariyoshi C, Ishimaru M (1992) Acute intermittend porphyria and epilepsy: Safety of clonazepam. Epilepsia 33:108–111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Temkin NR, Dikmen SS, Wilensky AJ, Keihm J, Chabal S, Winn HR (1990) A randomized, double blind study of phenytoin for the prevention of posttraumatic seizures. N Engl J Med 323:497–502

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Treiman DM, Meyers PD, Walton NY et al. (1998) A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. N Engl J Med 339: 792–798

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf P (1991) Scheinbare Pharmakoresistenz bei Epilepsie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 116: 606–610

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Andermann F (1987) Clinical features of migraine-epilepsy syndromes. In: Andermann F, Lugaresi E (eds) Migraine and epilepsy. Butterworths, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Braunwald E (1992) Heart disease. Textbook of cardiovascular medicine, 4th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahn S (1994) The paroxysmal dyskinesias. In: Marsden CD, Fahn S (eds) Movement disorders 3. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster DW, Rubenstein AH (1987) Hypoglycämie, Insulinom und andere hormonsezernie-rende Tumoren des Pankreas. In: Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Petersdorf RG et al. (Hrsg) Prinzipien der inneren Medizin. Harrison

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor WN (1990) Evaluation and outcome of patients with syncope. Medicine 69:160–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laicher S (1993) Synkopen. In: Brandt T, Dichgans J, Diener HC (Hrsg) Therapie und Verlauf neurologischer Erkrankungen, 2. Aufl. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Mary DASG (1989) The urinary bladder and cardiovascular reflexes. Int J Cardiol 23:11–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathias CJ, Bannister R (1992) Postcibal hypotension in autonomic disorders. In: Bannister R, Mathias CJ (eds) Autonomic failure. A textbook of clinical disorders of the autonomic nervous system, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier-Ewert K (1989) Narkolepsien. In: Neundörfer B, Schimrigk K, Soyka D (Hrsg) Praktische Neurologie. Tagesschläfrigkeit. edition medizin/VCH, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowan AJ, Gates JR (ed) (1993) Non-epileptic seizures. Butterworth Heinemann, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheinmann MM (1977) Prognostic value of infranodal conduction time in patients with chronic bundle branch block. Circulation 56:240–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Stodieck SRG (1993) Myoklonien. In: Brandt T, Dichgans J, Diener HC (Hrsg) Therapie und Verlauf neurologischer Erkrankungen. 2. Aufl. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart Berlin Köln

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallin BG (1992) Intraneural recordings of normal and abnormal sympathetic activity in man. In: Bannister R, Mathias CJ (eds) Autonomic failure. A textbook of clinical disorders of the autonomic nervous system, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff HP, Weihrauch TR (Hrsg) (1993) Internistische Therapie. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Besser, R., Schwalen, S. (2002). Anfallsleiden. In: Jörg, J. (eds) Neurologische Therapie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56398-0_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56398-0_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-67246-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56398-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics