Zusammenfassung
Laserdioden [1,2] sind ideale Sendeelemente für die faseroptische Kommunikationstechnik. Kantenemittierende Laserdioden werden routinemäßig in der hochbitratigen Langstreckenübertragung bei 1,3 oder 1,55μm Wellenlänge eingesetzt. Laserdioden mit Vertikalresonator (vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, VCSELs) haben sich zu erfolgversprechenden Alternativen für die Übertragung über kurze Strecken entwickelt [3], wo wegen der geringeren Anforderungen an die Faserdämpfung und Faserdispersion Wellenlängen um 850 oder 980 nm bevorzugt werden. VCSELs bieten eine Reihe von Vorteilen im Vergleich zu kantenemittierenden Laserdioden.
Allgemeine Literatur
Casey, J., M.B. Panish, Heterostructure Lasers. Part A: Fundamental Principles. Orlando: Academic Press, 1978. — Coldren, L.A., S.W. Corzine, Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits. Wiley, New York 1995.- Ebeling, K.J., Integrated Optoelectronics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1993.- Iga, K., Fundamentals of Laser Optics. Plenum,New York 1994. — Petermann, K., Laser Diode Modulation and Noise. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Tokyo 1991.- Yariv, A., Quantum Electronics, Third Edition. Wiley, New York 1982.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Spezielle Literatur
Ebeling, K.J.: Integrated Optoelectronics Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1993
Coldren, L.A.; Corzine, S. W.: Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits. Wiley, NewYork 1995
Choquette, K.D.; Hou, H.Q.: Vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers: Moving from research to manufacturing, Proc. IEEE 85, pp. 1730–1739, 1997
Hayashi, Y. et al.: Record low-threshold InGaAs/GaAIAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a native oxide confinement structure, Electron. Lett. 31, pp. 560–561, 1995
Huffaker, D.L. et al.: Sub-40 μA continuous-wave lasing in an oxidized vertical-cavity surface emitting laser with dielectric mirrors, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 8, pp. 974–976, 1996
Jung, C. et al.: 4,8 mW single-mode oxide confined top-surface emitting vertical-cavity laser diodes, Electron. Lett. 33, pp. 1790-1791, 1997
Lear, K.L. et al.: Selectively oxidised vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with 50% power conversion efficiency, Electron. Lett. 31, pp. 208–209, 1995
Weigl, B. et al.: High efficiency selectively oxidised MBE grown vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, Electron. Lett. 32, pp. 557–558, 1996
Sugimoto, Y. et al.: High-performance 980-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and their application to two-dimensional array interconnects, TOPS Vol. 15, OSA, pp. 139–149, 1997
Liu, Y. et al.: Integrated VCSELs, MSM Photodetectors, and GaAs MESFETs for low cost optical interconnects, TOPS Vol. 15, OSA, pp. 196–198, 1997
Cheng, J. et al.: Surface-emitting laser-based smart pixels for two-dimensional optical logic and recon figurable optical interconnects, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29, pp. 741–756, 1993
Matsuo, S. et al.: A monolithically integrated smart pixel using an MSM-PD, MESFET’s, and a VCSEL, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, pp. 121–127, 1996
Pu, R. et al.: VCSEL’s bonded directly to foundry fabricated GaAs smart pixel arrays, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, pp. 1622–1624, 1997
Kosaka, H. et al.: Plastic-based receptacle-type VCSEL-array modules with one and two dimensions fabricated using the self-alignment mounting technique, Proc. IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference, pp. 382–390, 1997
Hu, S.Y. et al.: High-performance multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity photonic-integrated emitter arrays for direct-coupled multimode optical links, Proc. CLEO’98, pp. 366–367, 1998
Michalzik, R. et al.: High-bit-rate data transmission with short-wavelength oxidazed VCSELs: Towards bias-free operation, IEEE J. Se. Top. QE 3, pp. 396–403, 1997
Born, M.; Wolf, E.:Principles of Optics, 6th ed. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1989
Ebeling, K.J.; Coldren, L.A.: Analysis of multielement semiconductor lasers. J. Appl. Phys. 54, pp. 2962–2969, 1983
Michalzik, R.; Ebeling, K.J.: Modeling and design of proton-implanted ultralow-threshold vertical-cavity laser diodes, IEEE J.Quantum Electron. 29, pp. 1963–1974, 1993
Casey, J.; Panish, M.B.: Heterostructure Lasers. Part A: Fundamental Principles. Orlando: Academic Press, 1978
Iga, K.: Fundamentals of Laser Optics. Plenum, New York, 1994
Reiner, G. et al.: Optimization of planar Be-doped InGaAs VCSELs with two-sided output, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, pp. 730–732, 1995
Huffaker, D.L.et al.: Native-oxide defined ring contact for low threshold vertical-cavity lasers. Appl.Phys. Lett. 65, pp. 97–99, 1994
Zeeb, E.; Reiner, G.; Ebeling, K.J.: Planar Be-doped VCSELs with high wallplug efficiencies, Electron. Lett. 31, pp. 1160–1161, 1995
Fiedler, U. et al.: Top-surface emitting vertical-cavity laser diodes for 10 Gbit/s data transmission. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 8, pp. 746–748, 1996
Weigl, B. et al.: High power single-mode oxidized vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 8, pp. 971–973, 1996
Weigl, B. et al.: High-performance oxide-confined GaAsVCSELs, IEEEJ. Sel. Top. QE. 3, pp. 409–415, 1997
Grabherr; M. et al.: Efficient bottom-emitting VCSEL arrays for high cw optical output power, Electron. Lett. 34, pp. 1227–1228, 1998
Grabherr, M. et al.: Comparision of proton implanted and selectively oxidized vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers. Proc. CLEO/Europe, Hamburg, Germany, 1996, paper
Fiedler, U. et al.: Stable linearly polarized light emission from VCSELs with oxidized elliptical current aperture. Proc. 15th Int. Sem. Laser Conf. Haifa, Israel, paper M. 3.3, 1996
Unger, H.-G.: Optische Nachrichtentechnik. Hüthig, Heidelberg, Germany, 1985
Michalzik, R.: Modellierung und Design von Laserdioden mit Vertikalresonator. Ph.D.Thesis, University of Ulm, Germany, 1996
Nakwaski, W.; Osinski, M.: Thermal resistance of top-surface-emitting vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers and monolithic two-dimensional arrays, Electron. Lett. 28, p. 1283, 1992
King, R.et al.: Oxide confined 2D VCSEL arrays for high-density inter/intra-chip interconnects, SPIE Vol. 3286, pp. 64–67, 1998
Yoshikawa, T. et al.: Complete polarization-control of 8 x 8 vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser matrixarrays, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, pp. 908–910, 1995
Zhang, S.Z. et al.: 1,54 μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser transmission at 2,5 Gbit/s, TOPS Vol. 15, OSA, pp. 90–93, 1997
Yariv, A.: Quantum Electronics, Third Edition, Wiley, NewYork 1982
Fiedler, U.: Hochbitratige optische Nachrichtenübertragung mit Vertikallaserdioden. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Ulm, Germany, 1997
Olshansky, R. et al.: Frequency response of 1,3 μm InGaAsP high speed quantum-well semiconductor lasers, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 23, pp. 1410–1418, 1987
Petermann, K.: Laser Diode Modulation and Noise, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Tokyo 1998
Glauber, R.J.: Quantum Optics. Academic-Press, NewYork 1969
Wiedenmann, D. et al.: Design and analysis of single-mode oxidized VCSELs for high speed optical interconnects, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron., Vol. 5, pp. 503–511, 1999
Henry, C.H.: Phase noise in semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Lichtwave Techn. 4, pp. 298–311, 1986
Ebeling, K.J.: Optical interconnects and data links with vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes (VCSEL). Proc. 21st Europ. Conf. on Opt. Comm. ECOC, Brussels, Belgium, Tutorials, pp. 113–147, 1995
Fiedler, U. et al.: Proton implanted VCSELs for 3 Gbit/s data links. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7, pp. 1116–1118, 1995
Schnitzer, P. et al.: Bias-free 2,5 Gbit/s data transmission using polyimide passivated GaAs VCSELs, Electron. Lett. 34, pp. 573–575, 1998
Petermann, K.: External optical feedback phenomena in semiconductor lasers, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 1, pp. 480–489, 1995
Fiedler, U; Ebeling, K.J.: Design of VCSELs for feedback insensitive data transmission and external cavity mode-locking, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 1, pp. 442–450, 1995
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ebeling, K.J. (2002). Laserdioden mit Vertikalresonator (VCSELs) für optische Verbindungssysteme. In: Voges, E., Petermann, K. (eds) Optische Kommunikationstechnik. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56395-9_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56395-9_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63134-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56395-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive