Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Processing ((SSMATERIALSPROC))

Abstract

For some new applications of metals in functional devices, metals of high purity are required. In recent years, many high-purity metals have been produced commercially for use in electronics, but the demand for ultra-high-purity metals is increasing rapidly because of more stringent specifications for materials used in high-performance information devices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Y. Yoshimura, Y. Shimizu, Z. Imamura: In Titanium ‘92, Science and Technology, ed. by F.B. Froes, I.L. Caplan (TMS, Warrendale, 1993), 2459–2464

    Google Scholar 

  2. Y. Yoshimura: Titan·Japan (Bull Japan Titanium Soc.) 44, 71–73 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Y. Shindo and B. Miyazaki, Proc. Fall Meeting of MMIJ (Mining Mate Process Inst Japan) Sapporo, 46–47 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Shindo, S. Yamaguchi, S. Shimamoto: Titan·Japan (Bull Japan Titanium Soc) 44, 74–76 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  5. R.F.K Ram: High purity titanium refining by iodide purification. In Titanium extraction and processing ed. by B. Mishra, G.J. Kipuros (TMS, Warrendale 1997) 3–22

    Google Scholar 

  6. K.A. Gschneider, Jr.: J. Alloys Compounds 193, 1–6 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. T.B. Okabe, R.O. Suzuki, T. Oishi, K. Ono: Tetsu-to-Bagane (J. Iron Steel Inst. Japan) 77, 93–99 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. T.B. Okabe, T. Oishi, K. Ono: J. Alloys Compounds 184, 43–56 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. T.B. Okabe, M. Nakamura, T. Oishi, K. Ono: Metall. Trans. B 24B, 449–455 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. T.B. Okabe, T. Oishi, K. Ono: Metall. Trans. B 23B, 583–590 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. T.B. Okabe, T.N. Deura, T. Oishi, K. Ono, D.R. Sadoway: J. Alloys Compounds 237, 155–164 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. T.B. Okabe, K. Birota, E. Kasai, F. Saito, Y. Waseda, K.T. Jacob: J. Alloys Compounds 279, 184–191 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. T.B. Okabe, K. Birota, Y. Waseda, K.T. Jacob: J. Mining Mat Process Inst Japan (Shigen-to-Sozai) 114, 813–818 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. K. Birota, T.B. Okabe, F. Saito, Y. Waseda, K.T. Jacob: J. Alloys Compounds 282, 101–108 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Fort: J. Less-Common Metals 134, 45–65 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. O.N. Carlson, F.A. Schmidt, R.R. Lichtenberg: Metall. Trans. A 6A, 725–731 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. W.C. Lilliendahl, M. Lakes, B.C. Rentschler: U.S. Patent 2,537,068 Jan. 9, 1951

    Google Scholar 

  18. W.C. Lilliendahl, D.M. Wroughton: J. Electrochem. Soc., 5, 187–190 (1952)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. O. Kubaschewski, W.A. Deneh: J. Inst. Metals 82, 87–91 (1953-54)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. D.T. Peterson, R.G. Clark, W.A. Stensland: J. Less-Common Metals 30, 169–172 (1973)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. K. Ono, S. Miyazaki: J. Japan Inst. Metals 49, 871 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. R.L. Fisher: D.S. Patent 4923531, May 8, 1990 (D.K Patent, 1989, GB 2224749A)

    Google Scholar 

  23. R.L. Fisher: D.S. Patent 5,022,935, June 11, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  24. H. Niiyama, Y. Tajima, F. Tsukihashi, N. Sano: J. Less-Common Metals 169, 209–216 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. R.L. Fisher, S.R. Seagle: In Titanium science and technology Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Titanium, San Diego June 28-July 2, 1992, ed by F.H. Froes, I. Caplan (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 1993)

    Google Scholar 

  26. T.H. Okabe, R.O. Suzuki, T. Oishi, K. Ono: Mater. Trans. JIM 32, 485–488 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. T.H. Okabe, T.N. Deura, T. Oishi, K. Ono, D.R. Sadoway: Metall. Trans. B 27B, 841–847 (1996)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Y. Kobayashi, F. Tsukihashi: Metall. Mater. Trans. B 28B, 956–959 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Y. Kobayashi, F. Tsukihashi: Metall. Mater. Trans. B 29B, 1037–1042 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Kobayashi, F. Tsukihashi: Metall. Mater. Trans. B 30B, 352–354 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. W. Kroll, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 78, 35–47 (1940)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. T. Noda: Titan·Japan (Bull. Japan Titanium Soc.) 44, 85–89 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  33. W.D. Threadgill: J. Electrochem. Soc. 112, 632 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. R.O. Suzuki, M. Aizawa, K. Ono: J. Alloys Cornpounds 288, 173–182 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. J.D. Corbett, J.D. Smith, E. Garcia: J. Less-Common Metals 115, 343–355 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. H. Sano, M. Tashiro, T. Fujisawa, C. Yamauchi: Proc. Fall Meeting of MMIJ (Mining Mater. Process. Inst. Japan), Sapporo, Japan 99 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. Sano, M. Tashiro, T. Fujisawa, C. Yamauchi: Mater. Trans. JIM 40, 263–267 (1999)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. I. Barin: Thermochemical da ta of pure substances (VCH, Weinheim, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  39. A. Sieverts: Z. Phys. Chem. 77, 591 (1911)

    Google Scholar 

  40. A. Sieverts: Z. Metalk. 21, 37 (1929)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. E.D. Eastrnan, D.D. Cubicciotti, C.D. Thurmond: In Chemistry and metallurgy of miscellaneous materials, ed. by L.L. Quill (McGraw-Hill, New York, paper 2 1950), 10

    Google Scholar 

  42. O. Madelung, (ed.): Landolt-Bönstein numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology, 26 (Diffusion in Solid Metals and Alloys, Springer -Verlag, Berlin, 1982)

    Google Scholar 

  43. L.S. Darken, R.W. Gurry: Physical chemistry of metals (McGrawhill/Kogakusha, Tokyo/New York, 1953)

    Google Scholar 

  44. M.W. Chase, J.L. Curnutt, H. Prophet, R.A. McDonald, A.N. Syverrud: J. Phys. Chern. Ref. Data, JANAF Thermochemical Tables Vol. 4 Supplement (American Chemical Society and American Institute of Physics, 1975)

    Google Scholar 

  45. T.B. Massalski (ed.): Binary alloy phase diagrams (American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  46. O.N. Carlson, R.R. Lichtenberg, J.C. Warner: J. Less-Common Metals 35, 275–284 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. H. Sano, T. Yoshida, S. Takai, K. Kuroda, T. Fujisawa, C. Yamauchi: J. Mining Mater. Processing Institute of Japan (Shigen-to-Sozai), 115, 49–53 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. H. Sano, T. Yoshida, K. Kuroda, T. Fujisawa and C. Yamauchi, J. Mining and Materials Process. Inst. Japan (Shigen-to-Sozai) 115, 54–58 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. K. Kuroda, S. Takai, T. Fujisawa, M. Okido, C. Yamauchi: J. Mining Mater. Process. Inst. Japan (Shigen-to-Sozai) 112, 893–897 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. D. Fort, D.W. Jones, B.J. Beaudry, K.A. Gschneidner, Jr.: J. Less-Common Metals 81, 273–292 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. K. Kamihira, Y. Hasegawa, O. Ogawa: Mater. Trans. JIM 34, 243–247 (1993)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. C.M. Muirhead, D.W. Jones: J. Less-Common Metals 50, 73 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. O. Ogawa, K. Kamihira, C. Song, A. Ando, R. Hasegawa: J. Alloys Compounds 193, 17–19 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. P.G. Mattocks, C.M. Muirhead, D.W. Jones, B.J. Beadry, K.A. Gchneidner, Jr.: J. Less-Common Metals 53, 253–263 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. D. Fort, B.J. Beaudry, K.A. Gschneidner, Jr.: J. Less-Common Metals 134, 27–44 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. D.T. Peterson, F.A. Schmidt: J. Less-Common Metals 29, 321 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. R.G. Jordan, D.W. Jones: J. Less-Common Metals 21, 125 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. R.G. Jordan, D.W. Jones, V.J. Hems: J. Less-Common Metals 42, 101–110 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. D. Fort, V.K. Pecharsky, K.A. Gchneidner, Jr.: J. Alloys Compounds 226, 190–196 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. M. Williams, C.L. Huffine: Nucl. Sci. Eng. 9, 500 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  61. O.N. Carlson, F.A. Schmidt, D.T. Peterson: J. Less-Common Metals 10, 1–11 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. V.T. Volkov, T.V. Nikiforova, A.M. Ionov, A.N. Pustovit, G.G. Sikharulidse: J. Less-Common Metals 79, 199–205 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. K. Kuroda, T. Yoshida, T. Fujisawa, C. Yamauchi: J. Mining Mater. Process. Inst. of Japan (Shigen-to-Sozai) 113, 179–184 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. D. Fort, J. Crystal Growth: 94, 85–96 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. M. Nakamura, T.H. Okabe, T. Oishi, K. Ono: In Malten salt chemistry and technology 1993, ed. by M.L. Saboungi, H. Kojima (The Electrochemical Society Inc., 1993) p. 529–540

    Google Scholar 

  66. C. Ouchi: Bull. Japan Inst. Metals (Materia Japan) 37, 22–26 (1998)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. C. Ouchi, A. Kato: Titan·Japan (Bull. Japan Titanium Soc.) 44, 81–83 (1996)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. G.K. White, S.B. Woods: Phil. Trans. R Soc. London, Ser. A 251, 273–302 (1959)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. J. Wasilewski: Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 224, 5–7 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. G. Elssner, U. Krohn, O. Runao: Z. Metallkd. 67, 311–317 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. S. Komatsu, M. Ikeda, M. Yoshimura: In Ultra High Purity Base Metals, UHPM-94 (The Japan Institute of Kitakyushu, 1994) p. 452–457

    Google Scholar 

  72. S.L. Ames, A.D. McQuillan: Acta Metall. 4, 619–626 (1956)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. J. Wasilewski: Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 224, 8–12 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. G. Baur, P. Lehr: J. Less-Common Metals 69, 203–218 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. B.N. Aleksandrov: Phys. Met. Metall. 61, 10–25 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  76. S. Komatsu, M. Ikeda: Bull. Japan Inst. Metals (Materia Japan) 33, 44–47 (1994)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Okabe, T.H., Jacob, K.T., Waseda, Y. (2002). The Thermodynamics of Oxygen in Reactive Metals. In: Waseda, Y., Isshiki, M. (eds) Purification Process and Characterization of Ultra High Purity Metals. Springer Series in Materials Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56255-6_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56255-6_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62530-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56255-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics