Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Melanozytäre Nävi und Melanomvorläufer

  • Chapter
Therapie der Hautkrankheiten

  • 232 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Als melanozytäre Nävi werden gutartige Neubildungen der Melanozyten bezeichnet, einer Zellpopulation, die als spezifische Funktion die Pigmentsynthese insbesondere an Haut, Haaren und Augen aufweist. Das Pigmentzellsystem hat bei Menschen nur ein relativ kleines Volumen von ca. 1,5 cm3, etwa der Masse eines Stückes Würfelzucker. Das sich von den Pigmentzellen ableitende maligne Melanom ist allerdings für den allergrößten Teil der Sterblichkeit an Hautkrebs verantwortlich. Insofern kommt dem malignen Melanom sowie seinen Vorläuferläsionen als auch seinen Risikoindikatoren eine besondere Bedeutung im Rahmen der dermatologischen Onkologie zu.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 378.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Carey WP, Thompson CJ, Synnestvedt M, Guerry D, Halpern A, Schultz D, Elder DE (1994) Dysplastic nevi as a melanoma risk factor in patients with familial melanoma. Cancer 74:3118–3125

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carli P, Biggeri A, Giannotti B (1995) Malignant melanoma in Italy: risks associated with common and clinically atypical melanocytic nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol 32: 734–739

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duray PH, Livolsi VA (1984) Recurrent dysplastic nevus following shave excision. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 10: 811–815

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans RO, Kopf AW, Lew RA et al. (1988) Risk factors for the development of malignant melanoma. I. Review of case-control studies. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 14:393–408

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman RJ, Rigel DS, Kopf AW (1985) Early detection of malignant melanoma: The role of physician examination and self-examination of the skin. CA Cancer J Clin 35: 130–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman RJ, Rigel DS, Kopf AW et al. (1983) Favorable prognosis for malignant melanomas associated with acquired melanocytic nevi. Arch Dermatol 119: 455–462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garbe C (1995) Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung maligner Melanome und Identifikation von Risikopersonen im deutschsprachigen Raum. Hautarzt 46:309–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garbe C (1997) Melanozytäre Nävi und Melanomrisiko: Leitlinien für die Betreuung und Therapie. In: Garbe C, Dummer R, Kaufmann R, Tilgen W (Hrsg) Dermatologische Onkologie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 215–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbe C, Krüger S, Stadler R, Guggenmoos Holzmann I, Orfanos CE (1989) Markers and relative risk in a German population for developing malignant melanoma. Int J Dermatol 28: 517–523

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garbe C, Büttner P, Weiss J et al. (1994) Risk factors for developing cutaneous melanoma and criteria for identifying persons at risk: multicenter case-control study of the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society. J Invest Dermatol 102: 695–699

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garbe C, Büttner P, Weiss J et al. (1994) Associated factors in the prevalence of more than 50 common melanocytic nevi, atypical melanocytic nevi, and actinic lentigines: multicenter case-control study of the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society. J Invest Dermatol 102:700–705

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene MH, Clark WH Jr, Tucker MA, Kraemer KH, Elder DE, Fraser MC (1985) High risk of malignant melanoma in melanoma-prone families with dysplastic nevi. Ann Intern Med 102: 458–465

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hastrup N, Osterlind A, Drzewiecki KT, Hou Jensen K (1991) The presence of dysplastic nevus remnants in malignant melanomas: a population-based study of 551 malignant melanomas. Am J Dermatopathol 13:378–385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keefe M, Dick DC, Wakeel RA (1990) A study of the value of the seven point checklist in distinguishing benign pigmented lesions from melanoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 15:167–171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khlat M, Vail A, Parkin M, Green A (1992) Mortality from melanoma in migrants to Australia: variation by age at arrival and duration of stay. Am J Epidemiol 135:1103–1113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer KH, Tucker M, Tarone R et al. (1986) Risk of cutaneous melanoma in dysplastic nevus syndrome types A and B. N Engl J Med 315:1615–1616

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krüger S, Garbe C, Büttner P, Stadler R, Guggenmoos Holzmann I, Orfanos CE (1992) Epidemiologic evidence for the role of melanocytic nevi as risk markers and direct precursors of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Results of a case control study in melanoma patients and nonmelanoma control subjects. J Am Acad Dermatol 26:920–926

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacKie RM, Freudenberger T, Aitchison TC (1989) Personal risk factor chart for cutaneous melanoma. Lancet 2: 487–490

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maize JC, Foster G (1979) Age-related changes in melanocytic naevi. Clin Exp Dermatol 4:49–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rampen FH, Meeren HL van der, Boezeman JB (1986) Frequency of moles as a key to melanoma incidence? J Am Acad Dermatol 15:1200–1203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rigel DS, Rivers JK, Kopf AW et al. (1988) Risk gradient for malignant melanoma in individuals with dysplastic naevi. Lancet 1:352–353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rigel DS, Rivers JK, Kopf AW et al. (1989) Dysplastic nevi. Markers for increased risk for melanoma. Cancer 63: 386–389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sagebiel RW (1993) Melanocytic nevi in histologic association with primary cutaneous melanoma of superficial spreading and nodular types: effect of tumor thickness. J Invest Dermatol 100:322S–325S

    Google Scholar 

  • Slue W, Kopf AW, Rivers JK (1988) Total-body photographs of dysplastic nevi. Arch Dermatol 124:1239–1243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stadler R, Garbe C (1991) Nävus-assoziierte maligne Melanome -diagnostische Sicherung und Prognose. Hautarzt 42:424–429

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stolz W, Schmoeckel C, Landthaler M, Braun Falco O (1989) Association of early malignant melanoma with nevocytic nevi. Cancer 63:550–555

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Titus-Ernstoff L, Ernstoff MS, Kirkwood JM et al. (1989) Usefulness of frequent skin examination for the early detection of second primary cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Detect Prev 13:317–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker MA, Fraser MC, Goldstein AM, Elder DE, Guerry D, Organic SM (1993) Risk of melanoma and other cancers in melanoma-prone families. J Invest Dermatol 100: 350S-355S

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstock MA, Colditz GA, Willett WC et al. (1989) Moles and site specific risk of nonfamilial cutaneous malignant melanoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 81:948–952

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss J, Garbe C, Bertz J et al. (1990) Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung maligner Melanome in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Ergebnisse einer multizentrischen Fall-Kontroll-Studie. Hautarzt 41:309–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen WK, Labadie RR, Bhawan J (1997) Histopathology of solar lentigines of the face: a quantitative study. J Am Acad Dermatol 36: 444–447

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elwood JM, Whitehead SM, Davison J, Stewart M, Galt M (1990) Malignant melanoma in England: risks associated with naevi, freckles, social class, hair colour, and sunburn. Int J Epidemiol 19: 801–810

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gartmann H (1978) Zur Dignitat der naevoiden Lentigo. Ein Beitrag zur Früherkennung und -erfassung des malignen Melanoms und seiner Vorstufen. Z Hautkr 53:91–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hundeiker M (1981) Naevoide Lentigo. Histologische Differentialdiagnose. Pathologe 2:111–112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung EG, Obert W (1986) The incidence of PUVA lentigines. Photodermatol 3: 46–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kadunce DP, Piepkorn MW, Zone JJ (1990) Persistent melanocytic lesions associated with cosmetic tanning bed use: „sunbed lentigines“. J Am Acad Dermatol 23: 1029–1031

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanerva L, Niemi KM, Lauharanta J (1984) A semiquantitative light and electron microscopic analysis of histopathologic changes in photochemotherapy-induced freckles. Arch Dermatol Res 276: 2–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLean DI, Gallagher RP (1995) “Sunburn” freckles, cafeau-lait macules, and other pigmented lesions of schoolchildren: the Vancouver Mole Study. J Am Acad Dermatol 32:565–570

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR, Albert LS, Barnhill RL, Weinstock MA (1991) Sun-induced freckles in children and young adults. A correlation of clinical and histopathologic features. Cancer 67:1990–2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salisbury JR, Williams H, du Vivier AW (1989) Tanning-bed lentigines: ultrastructural and histopathologic features. J Am Acad Dermatol 21: 689–693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern RS, Dover JS, Levin JA, Arndt KA (1994) Laser therapy versus cryotherapy of lentigines: a comparative trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 30:985–987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swart R, Kenter I, Suurmond D (1984) The incidence of PUVA-induced freckles. Dermatologica 168:304–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cochran AJ, Bailly C, Paul E, Dolbeau D (1993) Nevi, other than dysplastic and Spitz nevi. Semin Diagn Pathol 10: 3–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman RJ, Rigel DS, Heilman ER (1988) The relationship between melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma. Dermatol Clin 6: 249–256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher RP, McLean DI, Yang CP, Coldman AJ, Silver HK, Spinelli JJ, Beagrie M (1990) Anatomic distribution of acquired melanocytic nevi in white children. A comparison with melanoma: the Vancouver Mole Study. Arch Dermatol 126:466–471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher RP, McLean DI, Yang CP, Coldman AJ, Silver HK, Spinelli JJ, Beagrie M (1990) Suntan, sunburn, and pigmentation factors and the frequency of acquired melanocytic nevi in children. Similarities to melanoma: the Vancouver Mole Study. Arch Dermatol 126:770–776

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green A, MacLennan R, Siskind V (1985) Common acquired naevi and the risk of malignant melanoma. Int J Cancer 35:297–300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green A, Swerdlow AJ (1989) Epidemiology of melanocytic nevi. Epidemiol Rev 11: 204–221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grob JJ, Gouvernet J, Aymar D et al. (1990) Count of benign melanocytic nevi as a major indicator of risk for non- familial nodular and superficial spreading melanoma. Cancer 66:387–395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holly EA, Kelly JW, Shpall SN, Chiu SH (1987) Number of melanocytic nevi as a major risk factor for malignant melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 17:459–468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly JW, Holly EA, Shpall SN, Ahn DK (1989) The distribution of melanocytic naevi in melanoma patients and control subjects. Australas J Dermatol 30:1–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopf AW, Welkovich B, Frankel RE et al. (1987) Thickness of malignant melanoma: global analysis of related factors. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 13:345–390, 401–420

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luther H, Altmeyer P, Garbe C, Ellwanger U, Jahn S, Hoffmann K, Segerling M (1996) Increase of melanocytic nevus counts in children during 5 years of follow-up and analysis of associated factors. Arch Dermatol 132: 1473–1478

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacKie RM, English J, Aitchison TC et al. (1985) The number and distribution of benign pigmented moles (melanocytic naevi) in a healthy British population. Br J Dermatol 113:167–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacKie RM, Turner S, Harrison S, MacLennan R (1997) A comparison of the rate of development of melanocytic naevi in infants in Scotland and Australia. Melanoma Res 7:S4–S5

    Google Scholar 

  • Rieger E, Soyer HP, Garbe C et al. (1995) Overal and site-specific site risk of malignant melanoma associated with nevus counts at different body sites. Int J Cancer 62:393–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sondergaard K (1983) Histological type and biological behavior of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, 1. An analysis of 1916 cases. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 401:315–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stierner U, Augustsson A, Rosdahl I, Suurkula M (1992) Regional distribution of common and dysplastic naevi in relation to melanoma site and sun exposure. A case-control study. Melanoma Res 1:367–375

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swerdlow AJ, English J, MacKie RM et al. (1984) Benign nevi associated with high risk of melanoma. Lancet II: 168

    Google Scholar 

  • Traupe H, Hamm H (Hrsg) (1999) Pädiatrische Dermatologie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio

    Google Scholar 

  • Bortolani A, Barisoni D, Scomazzoni G (1994) Benign “metastatic” cellular blue nevus. Ann Plast Surg 33: 426–431

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connelly J, Smith JL Jr (1991) Malignant blue nevus. Cancer 67: 2653–2657

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein JI, Erlandson RA, Rosen PP (1984) Nodal blue nevi. A study of three cases. Am J Surg Pathol 8:907–915

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldenhersh MA, Savin RC, Barnhill RL, Stenn KS (1988) Malignant blue nevus. Case report and literature review. J Am Acad Dermatol 19:712–722

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez Campora R, Diaz Cano S, Vazquez Ramirez F, Ruiz HG, Moreno JC, Camacho F (1996) Cellular blue nevus with massive regional lymph node metastases. Dermatol Surg 22: 83–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez Campora R, Galera Davidson H, Vazquez Ramirez FJ, Diaz Cano S (1994) Blue nevus: classical types and new related entities. A differential diagnostic review. Pathol Res Pract 190: 627–635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann LC, Oliver GF, Winkelmann RK, Colby TV, Sundt TM Jr, O’Neill BP (1989) Blue nevus and nevus of Ota associated with dural melanoma. Cancer 64:182–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn A, Groth W, Gartmann H, Steigleder GK (1988) Malignant blue nevus with metastases to the lung. Am J Dermatopathol 10:436–441

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert WC, Brodkin RH (1984) Nodal and subcutaneous cellular blue nevi. A pseudometastasizing pseudomelanoma. Arch Dermatol 120:367–370

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehregan DA, Gibson LE, Mehregan AH (1992) Malignant blue nevus: a report of eight cases. J Dermatol Sci 4: 185–192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehregan DA, Mehregan AH (1993) Deep penetrating nevus. Arch Dermatol 129:328–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishima Y (1970) Cellular blue nevus: melanogenic activity and malignant transformation. Arch Dermatol 101:104–110

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niederecker CH, Sauter B, Fürsinn A (1996) Maligner blauer Naevus mit Metastasierungen in Lymphknoten und Gehirn. Hautarzt 47:711–715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rupec R, Eckert F, Ruzicka T (1993) Maligner blauer Nävus. Hautarzt 44:164–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seab JA Jr, Graham JH, Helwig EB (1989) Deep penetrating nevus. Am J Surg Pathol 13:39–44

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toppe F, Haas N (1987) Zur Klinik des blauen Naevus und seiner Sonderformen. Z Hautkr 62:1214–1223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ackerman AB (1988) What naevus is dysplastic, a syndrome and the commonest precursor of malignant melanoma? A riddle and an answer. Histopathology 13: 241–256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ackerman AB (1991) Histologic atypia in clinically benign nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol 24:795–796

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albert LS, Rhodes AR, Sober AJ (1990) Dysplastic melanocytic nevi and cutaneous melanoma: markers of increased melanoma risk for affected persons and blood relatives. J Am Acad Dermatol 22: 69–75

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark WH Jr (1988) The dysplastic nevus syndrome. Arch Dermatol 124:1207–1210

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark WH Jr, Reimer RR, Greene M, Ainsworth AM, Mastrangelo MJ (1978) Origin of familial malignant melanomas from heritable melanocytic lesions.’The B-K mole syndrome’. Arch Dermatol 114:732–738

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elder DE, Goldman LI, Goldman SC et al. (1980) Dysplastic nevus syndrome: A phenotypic association of sporadic cutaneous melanoma. Cancer 46:1787–1794

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elder DE, Green MH, Guerry D, Kraemer KH, Clark WH Jr (1982) The dysplastic nevus syndrome: our definition. Am J Dermatopathol 4:455–460

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman RJ, Heilman ER, Rigel DS et al. (1985) The dysplastic nevus. Clinical and pathologic features. Dermatol Clin 3:239–249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene MH, Clark WH Jr, Tucker MA, Kraemer KH, Elder DE, Fraser MC (1985) High risk of malignant melanoma in melanoma-prone families with dysplastic nevi. Ann Intern Med 102:458–465

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene MH, Clark WH, Tucker MA et al. (1984) Managing the dysplastic naevus syndrome. Lancet 1:166–167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern AC, Guerry D, 4th, Elder DE, Trock B, Synnestvedt M (1993) A cohort study of melanoma in patients with dysplastic nevi. J Invest Dermatol 100:346S–349S

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly JW, Crutcher WA, Sagebiel RW (1986) Clinical diagnosis of dysplastic melanocytic nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol 14:1044–1052

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marghoob AA, Kopf AW, Rigel DS et al. (1994) Risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in patients with ‘classic’ atypical-mole syndrome. A case-control study. Arch Dermatol 130:993–998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piepkorn M, Meyer LJ, Goldgar D, Seuchter SA, Cannon Albright LA, Skolnick MH, Zone JJ (1989) The dysplastic melanocytic nevus: a prevalent lesion that correlates poorly with clinical phenotype. J Am Acad Dermatol 20:407–415

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piepkorn MW, Barnhill RL, Cannon Albright LA et al. (1994) A multiobserver, population-based analysis of histologic dysplasia in melanocytic nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol 30: 707–714

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR (1985) Acquired dysplastic melanocytic nevi and cutaneous melanoma: Precursors and prevention. Ann Intern Med 102: 546–548

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR, Harrist TJ, Day CL, Mihm MC Jr, Fitzpatrick TB, Sober AJ (1983) Dysplastic melanocytic nevi in histologic association with 234 primary cutaneous melanomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 9:563–574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR, Mihm MC, Jr, Weinstock MA (1989) Dysplastic melanocytic nevi: a reproducible histologic definition emphasizing cellular morphology. Mod Pathol 2:306–319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth ME, Grant Kels JM, Ackerman AB et al. (1991) The histopathology of dysplastic nevi. Continued controversy. Am J Dermatopathol 13:38–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sagebiel RW (1989) The dysplastic melanocytic nevus. J Am Acad Dermatol 20: 496–501

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiersten AD, Grin CM, Kopf AW et al. (1991) Prospective follow-up for malignant melanoma in patients with atypical-mole (dysplastic-nevus) syndrome. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 17:44–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss J, Garbe C, Büttner P, Jung EG (1993) Dysplastic Nevi -Dysplastic Nevus Syndromes. Clinical Features and Genetic Aspects. Recent Results Cancer Res 128:101–118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castilla EE, DaGraca Dutra M, Orioli-Parreiras IM (1981) Epidemiology of congenital pigmented nevi: incidence rates and relative frequencies. Br J Dermatol 104: 307–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goss BD, Forman D, Ansell PE, Bennett V, Swerdlow AJ, Burge S, Ryan TJ (1990) The prevalence and characteristics of congenital pigmented lesions in newborn babies in Oxford. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 4:448–457

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hori Y, Nakayama J, Okamoto M et al. (1989) Giant congenital nevus and malignant melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 92 [Suppl]: 310–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Illig L, Weidner F, Hundeiker M, Gartmann H, Biess B, Leyh F, Paul E (1985) Congenital nevi less than or equal to 10 cm as precursors to melanoma. 52 cases, a review, and a new conception. Arch Dermatol 121:1274–1281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs AH, Hurwitz S, Prose NS et al. (1984) The management of congenital nevocytic nevi. Pediatr Dermatol 2: 143–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson HA (1977) Permanent removal of pigmentation from giant hairy nevi by dermabrasion in early life. Br J Plast Surg 30:321–323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopf AW, Bart RS, Hennessey P et al. (1979) Congenital nevocytic nevi and malignant melanomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 1:123–130

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopf AW, Levine LJ, Rigel DS, Friedman RJ, Levenstein M (1985) Congenital-nevus-like nevi, nevi spili, and cafe-au-lait spots in patients with malignant melanoma. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 11: 275–280

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Llaneras MR, Morgan RF, Pham ST et al. (1989) Congenital giant hairy nevus: implications for treatment. J Emerg Med 7: 25–28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorentzen M, Pers M, Bretteville-Jensen G (1977) The incidence of malignant transformation in giant pigmented nevi. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 11:163–167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller CJ, Becker DW Jr (1979) Removing pigmentation by dermabrading naevi in infancy. Br J Plast Surg 32: 124–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quaba AA, Wallace AF (1986) The incidence of malignant melanoma (0 to 15 years of age) arising in “large” congenital nevocellular nevi. Plast Reconstr Surg 78:174–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR, Melski JW (1982) Small congenital nevocellular nevi and the risk of cutaneous melanoma. J Pediatr 100: 219–224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR, Sober AJ, Day CL, Melski JW, Harrist TJ, Mihm MC Jr, Fitzpatrick TB (1982) The malignant potential of small congenital nevocellular nevi. An estimate of association based on a histologic study of 234 primary cutaneous melanomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 6: 230–241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sagebiel RW, Williams ML, Vasconez LO (1984) Giant congenital melanocytic nevus: quantification of nevus de-bulking after split-thickness excision. Pediatr Dermatol 2:118–123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon LM (1980) The management of congenital melanocytic nevi. Arch Dermatol 116:1017

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swerdlow AJ, English JS, Qiao Z (1995) The risk of melanoma in patients with congenital nevi: a cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 32:595–599

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sweren RJ (1984) Management of congenital nevocytic nevi: a survey of current practices. J Am Acad Dermatol 11: 629–634

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abramovits W, Gonzalez Serva A (1993) Multiple agminated pigmented Spitz nevi (mimicking acral lentiginous malignant melanoma and dysplastic nevus) in an African-American girl. Int J Dermatol 32:280–285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnhill RL, Mihm MC Jr (1989) Pigmented spindle cell naevus and its variants: distinction from melanoma. Br J Dermatol 121:717–725

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binder SW, Asnong C, Paul E, Cochran AJ (1993) The histology and differential diagnosis of Spitz nevus. Semin Diagn Pathol 10:36–46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casso EM, Grin Jorgensen CM, Grant Kels JM (1992) Spitz nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol 27:901–913

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gambini C, Rongioletti F (1994) Recurrent Spitz nevus. Case report and review of the literature. Am J Dermatopathol 16:409–413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gartmann H, Ganser M (1985) Der Spitz-Naevus. Spindelzellen- und/oder Epitheloidzellennaevus. Eine histologische Analyse von 652 Tumoren. Z Hautkr 60: 29–30, 34–6, 39–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamm H, Happle R, Bröcker EB (1987) Multiple agminate Spitz naevi: review of the literature and report of a case with distinctive immunohistological features. Br J Dermatol 117:511–522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaye VN, Dehner LP (1990) Spindle and epithelioid cell nevus (Spitz nevus). Natural history following biopsy. Arch Dermatol 126:1581–1583

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ko CB, Walton S, Wyatt EH, Bury HP (1993) Spitz nevus. Int J Dermatol 32:354–357

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merot Y, Frenk E (1989) Spitz nevus (large spindle cell and/or epithelioid cell nevus). Age-related involvement of the suprabasal epidermis. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 415:97–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muhlbauer JE, Margolis RJ, Mihm MC Jr, Reed RJ (1983) Minimal deviation melanoma: a histologic variant of cutaneous malignant melanoma in its vertical growth phase. J Invest Dermatol 80 [Suppl]: 63S–65S

    Google Scholar 

  • Niemann TH, Argenyi ZB (1993) Immunohistochemical study of Spitz nevi and malignant melanoma with use of antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Am J Dermatopathol 15: 441–445

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palazzo JP, Duray PH (1988) Congenital agminated Spitz nevi: immunoreactivity with a melanoma-associated monoclonal antibody. J Cutan Pathol 15:166–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paties CT, Borroni G, Rosso R, Vassallo G (1987) Relapsing eruptive multiple Spitz nevi or metastatic spitzoid malignant melanoma? Am J Dermatopathol 9:520–527

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters MS, Goellner JR (1986) Spitz naevi and malignant melanomas of childhood and adolescence. Histopathol-ogy 10:1289–1302

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reed RJ, Webb SV, Clark WH Jr (1990) Minimal deviation melanoma (halo nevus variant). Am J Surg Pathol 14: 53–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renfro L, Grant Kels JM, Brown SA (1989) Multiple agminate Spitz nevi. Pediatr Dermatol 6:114–117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sagebiel RW, Chinn EK, Egbert BM et al. (1984) Pigmented spindle cell nevus: clinical and histologic review of 90 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 8: 645–653

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sau P, Graham JH, Helwig EB (1993) Pigmented spindle cell nevus: a clinicopathologic analysis of ninety-five cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 28:565–571

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Mihara M, Shimao S, Taniguchi K (1990) The local recurrence of pigmented Spitz nevus after removal. J Dermatol 17:575–580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnsmeier SL, Palier AS (1996) Pigmentary anomalies in the multiple lentigines syndrome: Is it distinct from Leopard syndrome? Pediatr Dermatol 13:100–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balmaceda CM, Fetell MR, O’Brien JL, Housepian EH (1993) Nevus of Ota and leptomeningeal melanocytic lesions. Neurology 43:381–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boiron G, Surleve Bazeille JE, Maleville J (1980) La melanose de Becker. Etude en microscopie optique et electronique de 7 cas. Apport a l’histogeneese des corps cytoides. Ann Dermatol Venereol 107:787–797

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bumbic S, Stepanovic R, Nestorovic B (1986) Peutz-Jeghers’ syndrome-juvenile intestinal polyposis — review of five cases. Z Kinderchir 41:178–180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coppin BD, Temple IK (1997) Multiple lentigines syndrome (Leopard syndrome or progressive cardiomyopathic lentiginosis). J Med Genet 34:582–586

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ducker P, Pfeiff B, Pullmann H (1990) Malignes Melanom in Café-au-lait-Fleck. Z Hautkr 65:751–753

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duve S, Rakoski J (1994) Cutaneous melanoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis: a case report and review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 131:290–294

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fishmann HC (1976) Malignant melanoma arising with two halo nevi. Arch Dermatol 112:407–408

    Google Scholar 

  • Flageole H, Raptis S, Trudel JL, Lough JO (1994) Progression toward malignancy of hamartomas in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: case report and literature review. Can J Surg 37: 231–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hafner J (1993) Persistierender Mongolenfleck, Nävus Ota und Riesen-Nävus bleu: Melanom-Präkursoren? Hautarzt 44:486–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitagawa S, Townsend BL, Hebert AA (1995) Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. Dermatol Clin 13:127–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krahn G, Thoma E, Peter RU (1992) Zwei superfiziell spreitende maligne Melanome auf Naevus spilus. Hautarzt 43: 32–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurban RS, Preffer FI, Sober AJ, Mihm MC Jr, Barnhill RL (1992) Occurrence of melanoma in “dysplastic” nevus spilus: report of case and analysis by flow cytometry. J Cutan Pathol 19:423–428

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mastrangelo MJ, Goepp CE, Patel YA, Clark WH Jr (1979) Cutaneous melanoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis. Arch Dermatol 115: 864–865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ortonne JP, Brocard E, Floret D, Perrot H, Thivolet J (1980) Valeur diagnostique des taches cafe-au-lait (T. C. L.). Ann Dermatol Venereol 107:313–327.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panizzon R, Brungger H, Vogel A (1984) Zur Problematik des Becker-Nävus. Eine klinisch-histologisch-elektronen-mikroskopische Untersuchung an 39 Patienten. Hautarzt 35:578–584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR, Mihm MC Jr (1990) Origin of cutaneous melanoma in a congenital dysplastic nevus spilus. Arch Dermatol 126:500–505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen LM, Hodge SJ, Owen LG, Callen JP (1992) Atypical melanocytic nevi. Clinical and histopathologic predictors of residual tumor at reexcision. J Am Acad Dermatol 27:701–706

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cullity G (1984) Intra-epithelial changes in childhood nevi simulating malignant melanoma. Pathology 16:307–311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidoff AM, Cirrincione C, Seigier HF (1994) Malignant melanoma in children. Ann Surg Oncol 1: 278–282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duray PH, Livolsi VA (1984) Recurrent dysplastic nevus following shave excision. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 10: 811–815

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garbe C (1994) Pigmentmäler an den Fußsohlen. Hautarzt 45:49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green A, Siskind V, Hansen ME, et al. (1989) Melanocytic nevi in schoolchildren in Queensland. J Am Acad Dermatol 20:1054–1060

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison PV (1985) Good results after shave excision of benign moles. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 11: 668, 686

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson PM, Bishop J, Lawrence CM (1995) Shave excision of benign papular naevocytic naevi. Br J Plast Surg 48: 318–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Partoft S, Osterlind A, Hou Jensen K, Drzewiecki KT (1989) Malignant melanoma of the skin in children (0 to 14 years of age) in Denmark, 1943–1982. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 23:55–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter JM, Treasure J (1993) Excision of benign pigmented skin tumours by deep shaving. Br J Plast Surg 46:255–257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rigel DS, Friedman RJ, Kopf AW (1985) Surgical margins for removal of dysplastic nevi. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 11:745

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigg C (1989) Management von erworbenen Navuszellnavi in der Praxis. Ther Umsch 46:133–137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ackerman AB (1985) Malignant melanoma in situ: the flat, curable stage of malignant melanoma. Pathology 17: 298–300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ackerman AB (1994) Criteria for histopathologic diagnosis of melanoma, including melanoma in situ, in historical perspective. J Dermatol 21:872–874

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banfield CC, Dawber RP, Walker NP, Gl Stables, Zeina B, Schomberg K (1999) Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of in situ nail apparatus melanoma: a case report. J Am Acad Dermatol 40:98–99

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bohler SK, Schuller PS, Knobler R, Neumann PR (1992) Reactive lentiginous hyperpigmentation after cryosurgery for lentigo maligna. J Am Acad Dermatol 27:523–526

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark WHJr (1990) Malignant melanoma in situ. Hum Pathol 21:1197–1198

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark WH Jr, Mihm MC Jr (1969) Lentigo maligna and lentigo-maligna melanoma. Am J Pathol 55:39–67

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark WH Jr, Elder DE, Guerry D, Epstein MN, Greene MH, Van Horn M (1984) A study of tumor progression: the precursor lesions of superficial spreading and nodular melanoma. Hum Pathol 15:1147–1165

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clouse WE, Sanders LJ (1985) Subungual lentigo maligna. Cutis 36:153–155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockerell CJ (1985) A rational method of management of malignant melanoma in situ on sun-damaged skin. Am J Dermatopathol 7 [Suppl]: 191–192

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen LM (1994) Management of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma with tangential paraffin-embedded sections. J Am Acad Dermatol 31: 691–692

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen LM (1995) Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 33:923–936

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen LM, Zax RH (1996) Recurrent lentigo maligna invading a skin graft successfully treated with Mohs’ micrographic surgery. Cutis 57:175–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen LM, McCall MW, Hodge SJ, Freedman JD, Callen JP, Zax RH (1994) Successful treatment of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma with Mohs’ micrographic surgery aided by rush permanent sections. Cancer 73: 2964–2970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen LM, McCall MW, Zax RH (1998) Mohs micrographie surgery for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma. A follow-up study. Dermatol Surg 24: 673–677

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Consensus Conference (1984) Precursors to malignant melanoma. JAMA 251:1864–1865

    Google Scholar 

  • Crucioli V, Stilwell J (1982) The histogenesis of malignant melanoma in relation to pre-existing pigmented lesions. J Cutan Pathol 9:396–404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • David SS, Ramakrishna B (1992) Acral lentiginous melanoma in situ. Eur J Surg 158:247–248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de-Berker D (1991) Lentigo maligna and Mohs. Arch Dermatol 127:421

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhawan SS, Wolf DJ, Rabinovitz HS, Poulos E (1990) Lentigo maligna. The use of rush permanent sections in therapy. Arch Dermatol 126:928–930

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubow BE, Ackerman AB (1990) Ideas in pathology. Malignant melanoma in situ: the evolution of a concept. Mod Pathol 3: 734–744

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flotte TJ (1990) Malignant melanoma in situ. Hum Pathol 21:1199–1201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flotte TJ, Mihm MCJ (1999) Lentigo maligna and malignant melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type. Hum Pathol 30: 533–536

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross EA, Andersen WK, Rogers GS (1999) Mohs micro-graphic excision of lentigo maligna using Mel-5 for margin control. Arch Dermatol 135:15–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill DC, Gramp AA (1999) Surgical treatment of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma. Australas J Dermatol 40: 25–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kechijian P (1991) Subungual melanoma in situ presenting as longitudinal melanonychia in a patient with familial dysplastic nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol 24: 283

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly JW (1992) Following lentigo maligna may not prevent the development of life-threatening melanoma. Arch Dermatol 128: 657–660

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michaelsen C, Breuninger H, Rassner G, Dietz K (1990) Der subklinische Anteil im Randbereich der Lentigo maligna und des Lentigo-maligna-Melanoms. Hautarzt 41: 142–145

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michalik EE, Fitzpatrick TB, Sober AJ (1983) Rapid progression of lentigo maligna to deeply invasive lentigo-maligna melanoma. Arch Dermatol 119: 831–835

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reed RJ (1998) Melanoma in situ: images, segments, appellations, and implications. Hum Pathol 29:1–3

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson JK (1994) Margin control for lentigo maligna. J Am Acad Dermatol 31:79–85

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skender Kalnenas TM, English DR, Heenan PJ (1995) Benign melanocytic lesions: risk markers or precursors of cutaneous melanoma? J Am Acad Dermatol 33: 1000–1007

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stonecipher MR, Leshin B, Patrick J, White WL (1993) Management of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma with paraffin-embedded tangential sections: utility of immunoperoxidase staining and supplemental vertical sections. J Am Acad Dermatol 29:589–594

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tron VA, Barnhill RL, Mihm MCJ (1990) Malignant melanoma in situ: functional considerations of cancer. Hum Pathol 21:1202–1205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tronnier M, Wolff HH (1995) UV-irradiated melanocytic nevi simulating melanoma in situ. Am J Dermatopathol 17:1–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zitelli JA (1991) Mohs surgery for lentigo maligna. Arch Dermatol 127:1729–1730

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Autier P, Dore JF, Schifflers E et al. (1995) Melanoma and use of sunscreens: an Eortc case-control study in Germany, Belgium and France. The EORTC Melanoma Cooperative Group. Int J Cancer 61:749–755

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blum A, Garbe C, Rassner G (1998) Prävention des malignen Melanoms. Hautarzt 49:826–834

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bulliard JL, Raymond L, Levi F, Schuler G, Enderlin F, Pellaux S, Torhorst J (1992) Prevention of cutaneous melanoma: an epidemiological evaluation of the Swiss campaign. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 40:431–438

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fork HE, Wagner RFJ, Wagner KD (1992) The Texas peer education sun awareness project for children: primary prevention of malignant melanoma and nonmelanocytic skin cancers. Cutis 50:363–364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED (1992) Could sunscreens increase melanoma risk? Am J Public Health 82: 614–615

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill D, White V, Marks R, Theobald T, Borland R, Roy C (1992) Melanoma prevention: behavioral and nonbehavioral factors in sunburn among an Australian urban population. Prev Med 21: 654–669

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell JB (1992) The American Academy of Dermatology’s Melanoma/Skin Cancer Detection and Prevention Program. Cutis 50:251–252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung EG (1989) Wie kann man Melanome verhindern? Pravention der Melanome und Fruherkennung der Melanomvorlaufer. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 114: 393–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly JW, Rivers JK, MacLennan R, Harrison S, Lewis AE, Tate BJ (1994) Sunlight: a major factor associated with the development of melanocytic nevi in Australian schoolchildren. J Am Acad Dermatol 30:40–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koh HK (1995) Preventive strategies and research for ultraviolet-associated cancer. Environ Health Perspect 103 [Suppl 8]: 255–257

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koh HK, Lew RA (1994) Sunscreens and melanoma: implications for prevention. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:78–79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopf AW (1988) Prevention and early detection of skin cancer/melanoma. Cancer 62:1791–1795

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacKie RM (1995) Melanoma prevention and early detection. Br Med Bull 51:570–583

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacKie RM (1998) Incidence, risk factors and prevention of melanoma. Eur J Cancer 34 [Suppl 3]: S3–S6

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks R (1994) Melanoma prevention: is it possible to change a population’s behavior in the sun? Pigment Cell Res 7:104–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson WA (1990) Malignant melanoma as a model for cancer education and prevention. 1989 Harvey lecture American Association for Cancer Education. J Cancer Educ 5: 85–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstock MA (1995) Overview of ultraviolet radiation and cancer: what is the link? How are we doing? Environ Health Perspect 103 [Suppl 8]: 251–254

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westerdahl J, Olsson H, Masback A, Ingvar C, Jonsson N (1995) Is the use of sunscreens a risk factor for malignant melanoma? Melanoma Res 5:59–65

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf P, Donawho CK, Kripke ML (1994) Effect of sunscreens on UV radiation-induced enhancement of melanoma growth in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:99–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf P, Quehenberger F, Mullegger R, Stranz B, Kerl H (1998) Phenotypic markers, sunlight-related factors and sunscreen use in patients with cutaneous melanoma: an Austrian case-control study. Melanoma Res 8:370–378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 60-62, 14195, Berlin, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Prof. h. c. Constantin E. Orfanos

  2. Hautklinik und Poliklinik, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Claus Garbe

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr. Prof. h. c. Constantin E. Orfanos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prof. Dr. Claus Garbe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

U. Blume-Peytavi C. C. Geilen S. Goerdt H. Gollnick E. Haneke F.-M. Köhn B. Tebbe R. Treudler Ch. C. Zouboulis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Orfanos, C.E., Garbe, C. (2002). Melanozytäre Nävi und Melanomvorläufer. In: Blume-Peytavi, U., et al. Therapie der Hautkrankheiten. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56219-8_40

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56219-8_40

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62541-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56219-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation