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Polyamine Oxidase and 3-Aminopropanal in the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Ischemia

  • Chapter
Mechanisms of Organ Dysfunction in Critical Illness

Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICMSOFT,volume 38))

Abstract

Stroke is a clinical syndrome caused by cerebral ischemia or cerebral infarction. It is one of the most significant worldwide health problems, and the third leading cause of death (after cardiovascular disease and cancer) in the USA, where there are 600,000 events associated with more than 150,000 deaths per annum [1–3]. Stroke occurs in all age groups, but incidence doubles with each decade over 45. Clinical manifestations include aphasia, paralysis, blindness, and altered consciousness, depending on the size, extent, and anatomic location of the ischemic damage [45]. The financial cost of stroke to society, by several estimates, exceeds $45 billion per year in the USA alone [1]. Recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) has been approved for the treatment of ischemic stroke for a limited number of eligible patients, but access to this therapy is limited to tertiary care centers that have interventional neuroradiologists and neurologists on standby to properly diagnose the stroke as ischemic.Additionally, the effective therapeutic window for successful administration of tPA is limited to the first few hours after onset of the stroke, because later administration can lead to hemorrhagic complications. A number of other experimental therapeutics have targeted N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and other pathways, but either fail to reduce stroke damage, or have unanticipated toxicity profiles [5–15]. Accordingly, there is a significant need to develop new therapeutic agents that target other pathogenic mediators of stroke.

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  1. Laboratory of Biomedical Science, North Shore University Hospital, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA

    S. Ivanova, C. J. Czura & K. J. Tracey

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  1. Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK

    Timothy W. Evans

  2. Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Scaife Hall, Room 606, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15264, USA

    Mitchell P. Fink

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Ivanova, S., Czura, C.J., Tracey, K.J. (2002). Polyamine Oxidase and 3-Aminopropanal in the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Ischemia. In: Evans, T.W., Fink, M.P. (eds) Mechanisms of Organ Dysfunction in Critical Illness. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 38. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56107-8_22

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