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Physiology of the Crustacean Cardiac Ganglion

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Crustacean Experimental Systems in Neurobiology

Abstract

The crustacean cardiac ganglion (CG) is composed of 6-16 neurons, 9 in most decapods, that autonomously provide rhythmically recurring barrages of action potentials to activate the heart muscle. In Malacostraca, the heart is neurogenic and in adults dependent for its beating on the impulses from the ganglion. The CG, consisting of the neurons and their processes, wrapped in glial and connective tissue, forms an elongated, discrete branching trunk in or on the heart. It can be dissected from the heart and will continue to show spontaneous, rhythmical bursting. As an accessible and robust in vitro preparation, the CG joins a list of crustacean preparations that have provided insights into fundamental neurophysiological mechanisms, in this case the mechanisms by which small neuronal networks can generate rhythmical, patterned output (review: Wiens 1982). Possibly the most important insight arises from the demonstration that individual neurons are endowed with an intrinsic burst-organizing mechanism that insures a patterned output to any appropriate excitatory drive and that interconnections among a small number of neurons with such a capability can ensure coordinated, patterned, rhythmic highly fault-tolerant output from the ensemble. Patterned or bursting impulses are, of course, the essential effective activator of responses of other neurons or muscles or secretory cells. The contribution of intrinsic neuronal properties in pattern generation has become more widely recognized, not only in other crustacean ganglia (e.g. plateau potentials of the stomatogastric ganglion, Russell and Hartline 1978, 1982, 1984; Dickinson and Nagy 1983; Harris-Warrick et al. 1992a), but as a proven or suspected feature of pattern generation in neurons and neuroendocrine cells (Cooke and Stuenkel 1985) of most if not all animal groups (e.g. insects, Hancox and Pitman 1991; molluscs, Kramer and Zucker 1985; Hurwitz and Susswein 1996; Perrins and Weiss 1998; annelids, Arbas and Calabrese 1987; vertebrates, Llinás and Sugimori, 1980, Purkinje cells; Deschênes et al. 1982; Llinás and Jahnsen 1982, thalamic neurons; Legendre et al. 1982, hypothalamic neurons; Hounsgaard and Kiehn 1989, review Hultborn 1999, motorneurons; Grillner et al. 1991, lamprey swimming; Rekling and Feldman 1998, respiratory rhythm

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  1. Deparment of Zoology and Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, University of Hawaii, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA

    Ian M. Cooke

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  1. Institute of Zoology and Museum Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, Hamburg, 20146, Germany

    Konrad Wiese

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Cooke, I.M. (2002). Physiology of the Crustacean Cardiac Ganglion. In: Wiese, K. (eds) Crustacean Experimental Systems in Neurobiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56092-7_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56092-7_3

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