Skip to main content

Antibiotics by Continuous Infusion: Time for Re-evaluation?

  • Conference paper
Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2002

Part of the book series: Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2002 ((YEARBOOK,volume 2002))

  • 139 Accesses

Abstract

Severe sepsis and septic shock account for 15–20% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and when associated with multi-organ dysfunction there is a 55% mortality [1]. Surgical evacuation of any focus of infection should be undertaken where possible, however, the mainstay of treatment is antibiotic therapy. In recent years there have been considerable advances in the support of these patients with emphasis being placed on early, adequate volume resuscitation [2], administration of stress-dose corticosteroids [3], immunonutrition [4], and, more recently, manipulation of coagulation pathways [5]. However, the way in which antibiotics are administered has remained largely unchanged since the 1940s. At a time when many standard therapies are being re-evaluated we should ask the question ‘Are we using antibiotics to their greatest potential?’

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Brun-Buisson C, Doyon F, Carlet J, et al (1995) Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults. A multicenter prospective study in intensive care units. French ICU Group for Severe Sepsis. JAMA 274:968–974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al (2001) Early goal directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 345:1368–1377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bollaert P-E, Charpentier C, Levy B, et al (1998) Reversal of late septic shock with supra-physiological doses of hydrocortisone. Crit Care Med 26:645–650

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wyncoll D, Beale R (2001) Immunologically enhanced enteral nutrition: current status. Curr Opin Crit Care 7:128–132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, et al (2001) Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 344:699–709

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. de Man P, Verhoeven B, Verbrugh H, Vos M, van den Anker J (2000) An antibiotic policy to prevent emergence of resistant bacilli. Lancet 355:973–978

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Carbón C (1992) Single-dose antibiotic therapy: what has the past taught us? J Clin Pharmacol 32:686–691

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Rotschafer JC, Zabinski RA, Walker KJ, Vance-Bryan K (1992) Pharmacotherapy and pharmacodynamics in the management of bacterial infection. J Clin Pharmacol 32:1083–1088

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Drusano GL (1988) Role of pharmacokinetics in the outcome of infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:289–297

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Craig WA (1995) Antibiotic selection factors and description of a hospital-based outpatient antibiotic therapy program in the USA. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 14:636–642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. MacGowan AP, Bowker KE (1998) Continuous infusion of β-lactam antibiotics. Clin Phar-macokinet 35:391–402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. MacGowan AP, Bowker KE (1997) Pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial agents and rationale for their dosing. J Chemotherapy 9:64–73

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Young RJ, Lipman J, Gin T, Gomersall CD, Joynt GM, Oh TE (1997) Intermittent bolus dosing of ceftazidime in critically ill patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 40:269–273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lipman J, Gomersall CD, Gin T, Joynt GM, Young RJ (1999) Continuous infusion ceftazidime in intensive care: a randomised controlled trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 43:309–311

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Gould IM (1997) Pharmacodynamics and the relationship between in vitro and in vivo activity of antimicrobial agents. J Chemother 9:73–83

    Google Scholar 

  16. Thalhammer F, Traunmüller F, Menyawi IE, et al (1999) Continuous infusion versus intermittent administration of meropenem in critically ill patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 43:523–527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Massias L, Dubois C, de Lentdecker P, et al (1992) Penetration of vancomycin in uninfected sternal bone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:2539–2541

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cruciani M, Gatti G, Lazzarini L, et al (1996) Penetration of vancomycin into human lung tissue. J Antimicrob Chemother 38:865–869

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Georges H, Leroy O, Alfandari S, et al (1997) Pulmonary disposition of vancomycin in critically ill patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 16:385–388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ellner PD, Neu HC (1981) The inhibitory quotient. A method for interpreting minimum inhibitory concentration data. JAMA 246:1575–1578

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Levine DP, Fromm BS, Reddy BR (1991) Slow response to vancomycin or vancomycin plus rifampin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Ann Intern Med 115:674–680

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. James JK, Palmer SM, Levine DP, Rybak MJ (1966) Comparison of conventional dosing versus continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy for patients with suspected or documented gram-positive infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40:696–700

    Google Scholar 

  23. Wysocki M, Delatour F, Faurisson F, et al (2001) Continuous versus intermittent infusion of vancomycin in severe Staphylococcal infections: prospective multicenter randomised study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:2460–2467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. NcNabb JJ, Nightingale CH, Quintiliani R, Nicolau DP (2001) Cost-effectiveness of ceftazidime by continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion for nosocomial pneumonia. Pharmacotherapy 21:549–555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Saunders NJ (1994) Why monitor peak vancomycin concentrations. Lancet 344:1748–1750

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Eagle HR, Fleischman R, Musselman (1950) Effect of schedule of administration on the therapeutic efficacy of penicillin: importance of the aggregate time penicillin remains at effectively bactericidal levels. Am J Med 9:280–299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Servaais H, Tulkens PM (2001) Stability and compatibility of ceftazidime administered by continuous infusion to intensive care patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:2643–2647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Trissel LA (1998) Handbook on Injectable Drugs, 10th ed. American Society of Health System Pharmacists, Bethesda

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Wyncoll, D.L.A., Bowry, R., Giles, L.J. (2002). Antibiotics by Continuous Infusion: Time for Re-evaluation?. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2002. Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2002, vol 2002. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56011-8_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56011-8_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-43149-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56011-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics