Skip to main content
  • 500 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Trotz erheblicher Fortschritte in der Intensivmedizin ist das Versagen eines oder mehrerer Organe (Multiorganversagen) mit einer hohen Mortalität verbunden. Dem Versagen vitaler Organe nach schweren Verletzungen, Schock, Verbrennungen und Immunsuppression geht regelmäßig eine generalisierte Entzündungsreaktion voraus, die auf infektiöse (Sepsis) oder nichtinfektiöse Ursachen zurückgeführt werden kann. Die hämodynamischen Auswirkungen bei Schock führen im Gastrointestinaltrakt zu einer Beeinträchtigung der intestinalen Durchblutung, in deren Folge eine Störung der intestinalen Barrierefunktion entsteht, die zur Invasion von Bakterien und Toxinen aus dem Darmlumen in den Blutkreislauf führt.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Adam S, Batson S (1997) A study of problems associated with the delivery of enteral feed in critically ill patients in five ICUs in the UK. Intensive Care Med 23:261–266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Adolph M (1999) Lipid emulsions in parenteral nutrition. Ann Nutr Metab 43:1–13

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Alexander JW (1999) is early enteral feeding of benefit? Intensiv Care Med 25:129–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Beale RJ, Bryg DJ, Bihari DJ (1999) Immunonutrition in the critically ill: a systematic review of clinical outcome. Crit Care Med 27:2799–2805

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Behrendt W, Raumanns J (2002) Stoffwechselveränderungen und Ernährung. In: Schuster HP, Werdan K (Hrsg.) Intensivtherapie bei Sepsis und Multiorganversagen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S.311–332

    Google Scholar 

  6. Boelens PG, Nijveldt RJ, Houdijk AP et al. (2001) Glutamine alimentation in catabolic state. J Nutr 131:S2569–S2767

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB et al. (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 101:1644–1655

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Brathwaite CE, Ross SE, Nagele R et al. (1993) Bacterial translocation occurs in humans after traumatic injury: evidence using immunifluorescence. J Trauma 34:586–590

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cerra FB, Benitez MR, Blackburn GL et al. (1997) Applied nutrition in ICU patients. A consensus statement of the American College of Chest Physicians. Chest 111:769–778

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Heyland DK, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH (1993) Enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: a critical review of the evidence. Intensive Care Med 19:435–442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Heyland DK, MacDonald S, Keefe L, Drover JW (1998) Total parenteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: a meta-analysis. JAMA 80:2013–2019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Heyland DK (2000) Parenteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: more harm than good? Proc Nutr Soc 59:457–466

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Heyland DK, Novak F, Drover et al. (2001) Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. JAMA 286:944–953

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hyslop PA, Hinshaw DP, Halsey WA (1988) Mechanism of oxidant-mediated cell injury: the glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways of ADP phosphorylation are majorintracellular targets inactivated by hydrogen peroxyde. J Biol Chem 253:1665–1675

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hutcheson IR, Whittle BJ, Boughton-Smith NK (1990) Role of nitric oxide in maintaining vascular integrity in endotoxin-induced intestinal damage in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 101:815–820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Jeevanandam M, Young DH, Schiller WR (1990) Glucose turnover, oxidation, and indices of recycling in severely traumatized patients. J Trauma 30:582–589

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kompan L, Kremzar B, Gadzijev E, Prosek M (1999) Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability and the development of multiple organ failure after multiple injury. Intensive Care Med 25:157–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kompan L, Kompan D (2001) Importance of increased intestinal permeability after multiple injuries. Eur J Surg 167:57057–57064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kudsk KA, Croce MA, Fabian TC et al. (1992) Enteral versus parenteral feeding — effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Ann Surg 215:503–603

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Leidig P, Gerding W, Arns W, Ortmann M (2001) Renal oxalosis with renal failure after infusion of xylitol. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 126:1357–1360

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Madara J (1989) Loosening the tight junctions: lessons from the intestine. J Clin Invest 83:1089–1094

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Marik PE, Zaloga GP (2001) Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 29:2264–2270

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Marshall JC, Christou NV, Meakins JL (1993) The gastrointestinal tract — the undrained abscess of multiple organ failure. Ann Surg 218:111–119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Marzi I, Bauer M (2001) Multiorganversagen. In: Burchardi H, Larsen R, Schuster HP, Suter PM (Hrsg.) Intensivmedizin. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S. 1087–1098

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mayer K, Grimm H, Grimminger F, Seeger W (2002) Parenteral nutrition with ω-3 lipids in sepsis. Br J Nutr 87:S69–S75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Montejo JC (1999) Enteral nutrition-related gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients: a multicenter study. The Nutritional and Metabolic Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units. Crit Care Med 27:1447–1453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Montejo JC, Grau T, Acosta J et al. (2002) Multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind study comparing the efficacy and gastrointestinal complications of early jejunal feeding with early gastric feeding in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 30:796–800

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Moore FA, Feliciano DV, Andrassy RJ et al. (1992) Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. The results of a metaanalysis. Ann Surg 216:172–183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Moore FA (2000) Common mucosal immunity: a novel hypothesis. Ann Surg 231:9–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Moseley RH, Wang W, Takeda H et al. (1996) Effect of endotoxin on bile acid transport in rat liver: a potential for sepsis associated cholestasis. Am J Physiol 271:G137–G146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, Deitch EA, Goris RJA (1996) Infection, the gut and the development of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Eur J Surg 162:259–273

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Obled C, Papet I, Breuille D (2002) Metabolic bases of amino acid requirements in acute diseases. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 5:189–197

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. O’Riordain MG, Fearon KC, Ross et al. (1994) Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition enhances T-lymphocyte response in surgical patients undergoing colorectal resection. Ann Surg 220:212–221

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Reeds PJ, Jahoor F (2001) The amino acid requirements of disease. Clin Nutrition 20:S15–S22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Pacitti AJ, Inoue Y, Souba WW (1993) Tumor necrosis factor stimulates amino acid transport in plasma membrane vesicles from rat liver. J Clin Invest 91:474–483

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Riehl TE, Stenson WF (1994) Mechanisms of transit of lipid mediators of inflammation and bacterial peptides across intestinal epithelia. Am J Physiol 267:G687–G695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Sax HC, Illig KA, Ryan CK, Hardy DJ (1996) Low-dose enteral feeding is beneficial during total parenteral nutrition. Am J Surg 17:587–590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Schmeck J, Kraft P (1998) Die Leber als Zielorgan im Multiorganversagen — pathophysiologische Aspekte und therapeutische Ansätze. Anästh Intens Notf 11:549–558

    Google Scholar 

  39. Schricker T, Geisser W, Georgieff M (1997) Parenteral nutrition therapy. Energy and non-energy actions of carbohydrates and fats. Anästhesist 46:371–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Souba WW, Copeand EM (1992) Cytokine Modulation of Na+-dependent Glutamine transport across the brush border membrane of monolayers of human intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Ann Surg 215:536–545

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Stein J, Bolder U (2000) Pathophysiologie intestinaler Funktionen beim kritisch Kranken. Chir Gastroenterol 16:13–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Stein J (2002) Resorptionstests In: Stein J, Wehrmann T (Hrsg.) Funktionsdiagnostik in der Gastroenterologie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S. 125–180

    Google Scholar 

  43. Streat SJ, Beddoe AH, Hill GL (1987) Aggressive nutritional support does not prevent protein loss despite fat gain in septic intensive care patients. J Trauma 127:262–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Suchner U, Felbinger TW (2001) Enterale, minimal-enterale, parenterale Ernährung — Vorteile einer enteralen Ernährungstherapie. In: Löser C, Keymling M (Hrsg.) Praxis der enteralen Ernährung.Thieme, Stuttgart, S. 32–40

    Google Scholar 

  45. Suchner U, Heyland DK, Peter K (2002) Immune-modulatory actions of arginine in the critically ill. Br J Nutr 87:S121–S132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Teppermann BL, Brown JF, Korolkiewicz R, Whittle BJ (1994) Nitric oxide synthetase activity, viability and cyclic GMP levels in rat colonic epithelial cells: effects of endotoxin challange. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 271:1477–1482

    Google Scholar 

  47. Tremel H, Kienle B, Weilermann LS et al. (1994) Glutamine dipeptide — supplemented parenteral nutrition maintains intestinal function in the critically ill. Gastroenterology 107:1595–1601

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Unno N, Menconi MJ, Smith M, Fink MP (1995) Nitric oxide mediates interferon-γ-induced hyperpermeability in cultured human intestinal epithelial monolayers. Crit Care Med 23:1170–1176

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Valero MA, Leon-Sanz M, Escobar I et al. (2001) Evaluation of non glucose carbohydrates in parenteral nutrition for diabetic patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 55:1111–1116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Waitzberg DL, Lotierzo PH, Logullo AF et al. (2002) Parenteral lipid emulsions and phagocytic systems. Br J Nutr 87:S49–S57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Wolfe RR, Herndon DN, Jahoor F et al. (1987) Effect of severe burn injury on substrate cycling by glucose and fatty acids. N Engl J Med 31:403–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Wolfe RR (1999) Sepsis as a modulator of adaptation to low and high carbohydrate and low and high fat intakes. Eur J Clin Nutr 53:S36–S42

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stein, J. (2003). Ernährung und Stoffwechsel bei SIRS und Sepsis. In: Stein, J., Jauch, KW. (eds) Praxishandbuch klinische Ernährung und Infusionstherapie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55896-2_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55896-2_35

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62625-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55896-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics