Zusammenfassung
Das Mediastinum bezeichnet den mittleren Anteil der Brusthöhle und wird in das vordere, mittlere und hintere Mediastinum unterteilt. Zur Diagnostik dienen Thoraxübersichtsaufnahmen und Schnittbildverfahren wie CT und MRT, die auf Grund der überlagerungsfreien Abbildung und des größeren Weichteilkontrastes der Projektionsradiographie überlegen sind. Die transösophageale Endosonographie macht eine Beurteilung der ÖOsophaguswand und des periösophagealen Mediastinums möglich. Angeborene Fehlbildungen des Bronchialbaums und des neuroenteralen Kanals sind überwiegend zystische Mediastinaltumoren (z.B. bronchiogene Zysten). Bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen sind akute und chronische Mediastinitis zu unterscheiden. Als mediastinale Raumforderungen kommen insbesondere Thymom, Thymuskarzinom, teratogene Tumoren, Lymphadenopathien, maligne Lymphome und Lymphknotenmetastasen in Betracht.
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Krug, B., Schulte, O. (2003). Mediastinum. In: Galanski, M. (eds) Thorax. Handbuch diagnostische Radiologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55830-6_17
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