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Mechanische Sinne

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Vergleichende Tierphysiologie

Part of the book series: Springer-Lehrbuch ((SLB))

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Zusammenfassung

Alle lebenden Zellen reagieren auf mechanische Reize. Sie regulieren z.B. ihren osmotischen Druck und brauchen hierzu mechanosensorische Informationen über die Dehnung der Zellmembran. Meldungen über den mechanischen Zustand liefern Ionenkanäle, deren Öffnungsgrad direkt von mechanischen Reizen gesteuert wird. Ein solcher mechanisch gesteuerter Ionenkanal, der Teil einer über alle Organismen verbreiteten Familie mechanisch sensitiver Ionenkanäle sein könnte, wurde im Bakterium Escherichia coli isoliert. Bei dem Nematoden Caenorhabditis elegans (wegen seiner Zellkonstanz ein beliebtes Modelltier der Genetiker und Entwicklungsbiologen) liefern die Berührungsempfindlichkeit des Hautmuskelschlauches sechs Neurone, deren Mechanosensitivität auf zwölf Genen beruht, wovon wenigstens drei an der Bildung mechanosensitiver Ionenkanäle mitwirken. Die Fasern dieser sechs Neurone verlaufen längs des Hautmuskelschlauches in einer Rinne der Unterhaut (Abb. 5.1a). Ein kollagenreicher Mantel koppelt die Nervenfaser mechanisch an die Haut und führt vermutlich den Reiz zu.

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  1. Zoologisches Institut, Universität München, Luisenstraße 14, 80333, München, Germany

    Professor Dr. Gerhard Neuweiler

  2. Fachbereich Biologie — Zoologie —, Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany

    Professor Dr. Gerhard Heldmaier

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Neuweiler, G., Heldmaier, G. (2003). Mechanische Sinne. In: Vergleichende Tierphysiologie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55699-9_5

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