Abstract
“That time of life though may in me behold when yellow leaves, or none, or few do hang, on those bare choirs where late the sweet birds sang.” Sonnet [53] William Shakespeare
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abe T, Tohgi H, Murata T et al (2001) Reduction in asymmetrical dimethylarginine, an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in the cerebrospinal fluid during aging and in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 312:177–179
Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Yeh JK et al (1994) Calcium supplementation with and without hormone replacement therapy to prevent post-menopausal bone loss. Ann Intern Med 120:97–103
Ames BN, Shigenaga MK (1992) Oxidants are a major contributor to aging. Ann NY Acad Sci 663:85–96
Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagan TM (1993) Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:7915–7922
Aspnes LE, Lee CM, Weindruch R et al (1997) Caloric restriction reduces fiber loss and mitochondrial abnormalities in aged rat muscle. FASEB 11:573–581
Bartres-Faz D, Junque C, Lopez-Alomar A et al (2001) Neuropsychological and genetic differences between age-associated impairment and mild cognitive impairment entities. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:985–990
Beckman KB, Ames BN (1998) The free radical theory of aging matures. Physiol Rev 78:547–581
Bodnar AG, Ouellette M, Frolkis M et al (1998) Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science 279:349–352
Boss MA (2000) Diagnostic approaches to Alzheimer’s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1502:188–200
Boughton B (2002) Instant vertebral assessment. Radiol Today 3:9–11
Braga V, Mottes M, Mirandola S et al (2000) Association of CTR and COLIAl alleles with BMD values in peri-and postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 67:361–366
Brod SA (2000) Unregulated inflammation shortens human functional longevity. Inflamm Res 49:561–570
Brookes PS, Buckingham JA, Tenreiro AM et al (1998) The proton permeability of the inner membrane of liver mitochondria from ectothermic and endothermic vertebrates and from obese rats: correlations with standard metabolic rate and phospholipid fatty acid composition. Comp Biochem Physiol 119B:325–334
Calder PC, Newsholme EA (1993) Influence of antioxidant vitamins on fatty acid inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. Biochem Mol Biol Int 29:175–183
Campisi J (1996) Aging cancer: the double edged sword of replicative senescence. Cell 84:497–500
Campisi J (1997) Replicative senescence: an old lives’ tale? J Am Geriatr Soc 45:482–488
Cappa A, Calcagni ML, Villa G et al (2001) Brain perfusion abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease: comparison between patients with focal temporal lobe dysfunction and patients with diffuse cognitive impairment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 70:22–27
Castro E, Edland SD, Lee L et al (2000) Polymorphisms at the Werner locus: II. 1074Leu/Phe, 1367Cys/Arg, longevity, and atherosclerosis. Am J Med Genet 95:374–380
Cefalu WT, Wagner JO, Wang ZQ et al (1997) A study of caloric restriction and aging in cynomolgus monkeys. J Gerontol Biol Sci 52:B10–B19
Cerami A (1985) Hypothesis. Glucose as a mediator of aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 33:626–634
Cerami A (2001) Pharmaceutical intervention of advanced glycation end products discussion 212-216, 217-220 Review 2001. Novartis Found Symp 235:202–212
Charpentier P, Lavenu I, Defebvre L et al (2000) Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia are differentiated by discriminant analysis applied to (99m)Tc HMPAO SPECT data. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 69:661–663
Chase GD, Rabinowitz JL (1959) Radioisotopes in the Biological Sciences. In: Principles of radioisotope methodology, chap 11. Burgess, Minneapolis, pp 305–328
Cottrell DA, Blakely EL, Johnson MA et al (2001) Mitochondrial DNA mutations in disease and aging. Novartis Foundation Symposium. Wiley, Chichester, pp 234–246
Counsell RE, Schwendner SW, DeForge LE et al (1991) Lipoproteins as carriers for organ-imaging radiopharmaceuticals. Target Diagn Ther 5:251–314
Coux O, Tanaka K, Goldberg AL (1996) Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes. Annu Rev Biochem 65:801–847
Cutler RG (1974) Redundancy of information content in the genome of mammalian species as a protective mechanism determining aging rate. Mech Ageing Dev 2:381
Davies KJ (1986) Intracellular proteolytic systems may function as secondary antioxidant defenses: an hypothesis. J Free Rad Biol Med 2:155–173
Davies KJ (2001) Degradation of oxidized proteins by the 20S proteasome. Biochimie 83:301–310
de Lange T (1999) Unlimited mileage from telomerase? Science 283:947–949
de Lange T, Jacks T (1999) For better or worse? Telomerase inhibition and cancer. Cell 98:273–275
De Maeseneer M, Lenchik L, Everaert H et al (1999) Evaluation of lower back pain with bone scintigraphy and SPECT. Radiographics 19:901–912
Drew B, Leeuwenberg C (2002) Aging and the role of the reactive nitrogen species. Ann NY Acad Sci 959:66–81
Dukic-Stefanovic S, Schinzel R, Riederer P et al (2001) AGES in brain ageing: AGE-inhibitors as neuroprotective and anti-dementia drugs? Biogerontology 2:19–34
Effros RB (2001) Ageing and the immune system. Novartis Found Symp. Wiley, New York, pp 130–139
Farlow MR (1998) Etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Health Syst Pharm 55[Suppl 2]:S5–S10
Finkel T, Holbrook NJ (2000) Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature 408:239–247
Fleury C (1997) Uncoupling protein-2: a novel gene linked to obesity and hyperinsulinemia. Nat Genet 15:269–272
Fox NC, Rossor MN (1999) Diagnosis of early Alzheimer’s disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 155[Suppl 4]:S33–S37
Fraga CG, Shigenaga MK, Park JW et al (1990) Oxidative damage to DNA during aging: 8-hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine in rat organ DNA and urine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:4533–4537
Franceschi C, Bonafe M, Valensin S et al (2000) Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann NY Acad Sci 908:244–254
Gaczynska M, Osmulski PA, Ward WF (2001) Caretaker or undertaker? The role of the proteasome in aging. Mech Ageing Dev 122:235–254
Fries JF (1980) Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity. N Engl J Med 303:130–135
Galton CJ, Patterson K, Xuereb JH et al (2000) Atypical and typical presentations of Alzheimer’s disease: a clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and pathological study of 13 cases. Brain 123:484–498
Ginaldi L, DeMartinis M, D’Ostilio A et al (2000) Cell proliferation and apoptosis in the immune system in the elderly. Immunol Res 21:31–38
Girotti AW (1985) Mechanisms of lipid peroxidation. J Free Radie Biol Med 1:87–95
Gottfries CG, Lehmann W, Regland B (1998) Early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in the elderly with the focus on Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm 105:773–786
Gouze JN, Bianchi A, Becuwe P et al (2002) Glucosamine modulates IL-1-induced activation of rat chondrocytes at a receptor level, and by inhibiting the NF-kappa B pathway. FEBS Lett 510:166–170
Graeber MB, Grasbon-Frodl E, Eitzen UV et al (1998) Neurodegeneration and aging: role of the second genome. J Neurosci Res 52:1–6
Greenstock CL (1993) Radiation and aging: free radical damage, biological response, and possible antioxidant intervention. Med Hypotheses 41:473–482
Guarente L (2000) Sir2 links chromatin silencing, metabolism, and aging. Genes Dev 14:1021–1026
Gutteridge JMC, Halliwell B (1988) The antioxidant proteins of extracellular fluids. In: Chow CK (ed) Cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 1–23
Hammer C, Braum E (1988) Quantification of age pigments (lipofuscin). Comp Biochem Physiol B 90:7–17
Hampton MB, Orrenius S (1998) Redox regulation of the caspases during apoptosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 854:328–335
Hardoff R, Braegelmann F, Zanzonico P et al (1993) External imaging of atherosclerosis in rabbits using an 1231-labeled synthetic peptide fragment. J Clin Pharmacol 33:1039–1047
Harley CB (1991) Telomere loss: mitotic clock or genetic time-bomb? Mutat Res 256:271–282
Harman D (1956) Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J Gerontol 11:298–300
Harman D (1972) The biologic clock: the mitochondria? J Am Geriatr Soc 20:145–147
Harman D (1998) Extending functional life span. Exp Gerontol 33:95–112
Hayflick L (1998) How and why we age. Exp Gerontol 33:639–653
Hayflick L, Moorehead PS (1961) The serial culture of human dip cell strains. Exp Cell Res 25:585–621
Heffner JE, Repine JE (1989) Pulmonary strategies of antioxidant defense. Am Rev Respir Dis 140:531–544
Heininger K (2000) A unifying hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease. IV. Causation and sequence of events. Rev Neurosci 11:213–328
Herholz K, Bauer B, Wienhard K et al (2000) In-vivo measurements of regional acetylcholine esterase activity in degenerative dementia: comparison with blood flow and glucose metabolism. J Neural Transm 107:1457–1468
Herrero P, Vedala G, Kowalski R et al (2001) Impact of aging on dobutamide-induced changes in myocardial substrate utilization. J Nucl Med 5[Suppl]:52P
Higuchi M, Yanai K, Okamura N et al (2000) Histamine H(l) receptors in patients with Alzheimer’s disease assessed by positron emission tomography. Neuroscience 99:721–729
Hoffman JM, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Hanson M et al (2000) FDG PET imaging in patients with pathologically verified dementia. J Nucl Med 41:1920–1928
Ikebe S, Tanaka M, Ohno K et al (1990) Increase of deleted mitochondrial DNA in the striatum in Parkinson’s disease and senescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 170:1044–1048
Ikeda T, Mabuchi A, Fukuda A et al (2001) Identification of sequence polymorphisms in two sulfation-related genes, PAPSS2 and SLC26A2, and an association analysis with knee osteoarthritis. J Hum Genet 46:538–543
Ingram DK, Cutler RG, Weindruch R et al (1990) Dietary restriction and aging: the initiation of a primate study. J Gerontol Biol Sci 45:B148–B163
Ingvarsson T, Stefansson SE, Gulcher JR et al (2001) A large Icelandic family with early osteoarthritis of the hip associated with a susceptibility locus on chromosome 16p. Arthritis Rheum 44:2548–2555
Itahana K, Dimri G, Campisi J et al (2001) Regulation of cellular senescence by p53. Eur J Biochem 268:2784–2791
Jacobson MD, Weil M, Raff MC (1997) Programmed cell death in animal development. Cell 88:347–354
Jazwinski SM (1996) Longevity, genes, and aging. Science 273:54–59
Johnson K, Hashimoto S, Lotz M et al (2001a) Interleukin-1 induces pro-mineralizing activity of cartilage tissue trans-glutaminase and factor XIIIa. Am J Pathol 159:149–163
Johnson KA, Lopera F, Jones K et al (2001b) Presenilin-1-associated abnormalities in regional cerebral perfusion. Neurology 56:1545–1551
Julin P, Almkvist O, Basun H et al (1998) Brain volumes and regional cerebral blood flow in carriers of the Swedish Alzheimer amyloid protein mutation. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 12:49–53
Jurivich DA, Qiu L, Welk JF (1997) Attenuated stress responses in young and old human lymphocytes. Mech Ageing Dev 94:233–249
Justesen J, Stenderup K, Kassem MS (2001) Mesenchymal stem cells. Potential use in cell and gene therapy bone loss caused by aging and osteoporosis. Ugeskr Laeger 163:5491–5495
Lupattelli G, Siepi D, Palumbo B et al (1999) Vascular 1311-low-density lipoprotein imaging in patients with hypertension and early atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid artery. Vasa 28:185–189
Martin JA, Buckwalter JA (2001) Telomere erosion and senescence in human articular cartilage chondrocytes. J Gerontol A Biol Med Sci 56:B172-179
Masoro EJ, Shimokawa I, Yu BPl (1991) Retardation of the aging process in rats by food restriction. Ann NY Acad Sci 621:337–352
Mattson MP, Duan W, Lee J et al (2001) Suppression of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders by dietary restriction and environmental enrichment: molecular mechanisms. Mech Ageing Dev 122:757–778
Matsunaga H, Tanaka Y, Tanaka M et al (2001) Antiathero-genic mitochondrial genotype in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 24:500–550
Maynard-Smith J (1963) Temperature and the rate of aging in poikilotherms. Nature 199:400–402
Mazzetti I, Grigolo B, Pulsatelli L et al (2001) Differential roles of nitric oxide and oxygen radicals in chondrocytes affected by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Sci 101:593–599
McCay CM, Cromwell MF, Maynard LA (1935) The effect of retarded growth upon the length of life span and upon the ultimate body size. J Nutr 10:63–79
McKelvey R, Bergman H, Stern J et al (1999) Lack of prognostic significance of SPECT abnormalities in non-demented elderly subjects with memory loss. Can J Neurol Sci 26:23–28
Merker K, Stolzing A, Grune T (2001) Proteolysis, caloric restriction, and aging. Mech Ageing Dev 122:595–615
Meydani M (1992) Vitamin E requirement in relation to dietary fish oil and oxidative stress in elderly. EXS 62:411–418
Mielke R, Zerres K, Uhlhaas S et al (1998) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism influences the cerebral metabolic pattern in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 254:49–52
Miller C, Kelsoe G (1995) Ig VH hypermutation is absent in the germinal centers of aged mice. J Immunol 155:3377–3384
Miquel J (1998) An update on the oxygen stress-mitochondrial mutation theory of aging: genetic and evolutionary implications. Exp Gerontol 33:13–126
Misra RP (2000) Calcium and disease: molecular determinants of calcium crystal deposition diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 57:421–428
Molero AE, Pino-Ramirez G, Maestre GE (2001) Modulation by age and gender of risk for Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia associated with the apolipoprotein Evarepsilon4 allele in Latin-Americans: findings from the Maracaibo Aging Study. Neurosci Lett 307:5–8
Mori A, Utsumi K, Liu J et al (1998) Oxidative damage in the senescence-accelerated mouse. Ann NY Acad Sci 854:239–250
Morris JC (2000) The nosology of dementia. Neurol Clin 18:773–788
Mrak RE, Griffin WS (2000) Interleukin-1 and the immunogenetics of Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59:471–476
Multhaup G, Ruppert T, Schlicksupp A et al (1997) Reactive oxygen species and Alzheimer’s disease. Biochem Pharmacol 54:533–539
Nagata K, Maruya H, Yuya H et al (2000) Can PET data differentiate Alzheimer’s disease from vascular dementia? Ann NY Acad Sci 903:252–261
Nixon RA (2000) A protease activation cascade in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 924:117–131
Nobili F, Copello F, Buffoni F et al (2001) Regional cerebral blood flow and prognostic evaluation in Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 12:89–97
Nobuhara K, Halldin C, Hall H et al (2000) Z-IQNP: a potential radioligand for SPECT imaging of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in Alzheimer’s disease. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 149:45–55
Ohtsuki K, Hayase M, Akashi K et al (2001) Detection of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 receptor expression in experimental atherosclerotic lesions: an autoradio-graphic study. Circulation 104:203–208
Orgel LE (1963) The maintenance of the accuracy of protein synthesis and its relevance to aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 49:517–521
Pahlavani MA, Harris MD, Richardson A (1997) The increase in the induction of IL-2 expression with caloric restriction is correlated to changes in the transcription factor NFAT. Cell Immunol 180:10–19
Parr T (1997) Insulin exposure and aging theory. Gerontol 43:182–200
Pearl R (1928) The rate of living. Knopf, New York
Perls TT (2002) Genetic and environmental influences on exceptional longevity and the AGE Nomogram. Ann NY Acad Sci 959:1–13
Pieri C (1991) Food restriction slows down age-related changes in cell membrane parameters. Ann NY Acad Sci 621:353–362
Pincus T (2001) Clinical evidence for osteoarthritis as an inflammatory disease. Curr Rheumatol Rep 3:524–534
Pope A (1733-1734) An essay on man II
Raina AK, Pardo P, Rottkamp CA et al (2001) Neurons in Alzheimer disease emerge from senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 123:3–9
Ramsey JJ, Harper MF, Weindruch R (2001) Restriction of energy intake: energy expenditure and aging. Free Radie Biol Med 29:946–968
Reddel RR (1998) Genes involved in the control of cellular proliferative potential. Ann NY Acad Sci 854:8–19
Reid MB, Durham WI (2002) Generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in contracting skeletal muscle. Ann NY Acad Sci 959:108–116
Richter C, Park JW, Ames BN (1988) Normal oxidative damage to mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is extensive. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:6465–6467
Rivett AJ (1998) Intracellular distribution of proteasomes. Curr Opin Immunol 10:110–114
Rodewald HR (1998) The thymus in the age of retirement. Nature 396:630–631
Rogaev El (1999) Genetic basis for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia and prospects of molecular diagnosis (in Russian). Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 1:33–39
Rogina B, Reenan RA, Nilsen SP et al (2000) Extended lifespan conferred by cotransporter gene mutations in Drosophila. Science 290:2137–2140
Roth GS, Ingram DK, Lane MA (1999) Calorie restriction in primates: will it work and how will we know? J Am Geriatr Soc 47:896–903
Rubner M (1908) Das Problem der Lebensdauer und seine Beziehungen zum Wachstum und Ernährung. Munich, Oldenburg, pp 150–204
Sacher GA (1968) Molecular versus systemic theories on the genesis of ageing. Exp Gerontol 3:265–271
Salo DC, Lin SW, Pacifici RE et al (1988) Superoxide dismutase is preferentially degraded by a proteolytic system from red blood cells following oxidative modification by hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med:335–339
Samani NJ, Boultby R, Butler R et al (2001) Telomere shortening in atherosclerosis. Lancet 358:472–473
Sapolsky RM, Krey LC, McEwen BS (1986) The neuroendo-crinology of stress and aging: the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endocr Rev 7:284–301
Sarikaya I, Sarikaya A, Holder LE (2001) The role of single photon emission computed tomography in bone imaging. Semin Nucl Med 31:3–16
Schamberger RJ, Frost DV (1969) Possible protective effects of selenium against human cancer. Can Med Assoc J 100:682
Schroder J, Buchsbaum MS, Shihabuddin L et al (2001) Patterns of cortical activity and memory performance in Alzheimer’s disease. Biol Psychiatry 49:426–436
Shay JW, Wright WE (2001) Aging. When do telomeres matter? Science 291:839–840
Shouda T, Yoshida T, Hanada T et al (2001) Induction of the cytokine signal regulator SOCS3/CIS3 as a therapeutic strategy for treating inflammatory arthritis. J Clin Invest 108:1781–1788
Small GW, Ercoli LM, Silverman DH et al (2000) Cerebral metabolic and cognitive decline in persons at genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:5696–5698
Sohal RS (1993) The free radical hypothesis of aging: an appraisal of the current status. Aging Clin Exp Res 5:3–17
Sohal RS, Agarwal S, Candas M et al (1994) Effect of age and caloric restriction on DNA oxidative damage in different tissues of C57BL/6 mice. Mech Ageing Dev 76:215–224
Stocks J, Gutteridge GM, Sharp RJ et al (1974) The inhibition of lipid peroxidation by human serum and its relationship to serum proteins and alpha-tocopherol. Clin Sci 47:223–233
Tanaka N, Fukushi K, Shinotoh H et al (2001) Positron emission tomographic measurement of brain acetylcholin-esterase activity using N-[(11)C]methylpiperidin-4-yl acetate without arterial blood sampling: methodology of shape analysis and its diagnostic power for Alzheimer’s disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 21:295–306
Tanaka S, Kawamata J, Shimohama S et al (1998) Inferior temporal lobe atrophy and APOE genotypes in Alzheimer’s disease. X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and Xe-133 SPECT studies. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 9:90–98
Tiku ML, Gupta S, Deshmukh DR (1999) Aggrecan degradation in chondrocytes is mediated by reactive oxygen species and protected by antioxidants. Free Radic Res 30:395–405
Van Leeuwen FW, Fischer DF, Kamel D et al (2000) Molecular misreading: a new type of transcript mutation expressed during aging. Neurobiol Aging 21:879–891
Verschure PJ, Van Marie J, Joosten LAB et al (1996) Localization of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in human normal and osteoarthritic cartilage in relation to proteo-glycan synthesis and content. Br J Rheum 35:1044–1055
Virgolini I, Rauscha F, Lupattelli G et al (1991) Autologous lowdensity lipoprotein labeling allow characterization of human atherosclerotic lesions in vivo as to presence of foam cells and endothelial coverage. Eur J Nucl Med 18:948–951
Wallace DC (2001) A mitochondrial paradigm for degenerative diseases and aging Novartis Foundation Symposium. Wiley, Chichester, pp 247–263
Wang E (1997) Regulation of apoptosis resistance and ontogeny of age-dependent diseases. Exp Gerontol 32:471–484
Warner HR (1999) Apoptosis: a two-edged sword in aging. Ann NY Acad Sci 887:1–11
Warner HR, Butler RN, Sprott RL, et al (eds) (1987) Modern biological theories of aging. Raven Press, New York
Wei YH (1998) Oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA mutations in human aging. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 217:53–63
Weindruch R, Kristie JA, Cheney KE et al (1979) Influence of controlled dietary restriction on immunologie function and aging. Fed Proc 38:2007–2016
Weissman A (1942) The duration of life. In: Poulton EB (ed) New paths in genetics. Harper, New York
Weraarchakul NR, Strong R, Wood WG et al (1989) The effect of aging and dietary restriction on DNA repair. Exp Cell Res 181:197–204
Whitman W (1855) from’ song of myself
Wielopolski L, Vartsky D, Pierson R et al (2000) Gamma resonance absorption. New approach in human body composition studies. Ann NY Acad Sci 904:229–235
Williams GC (1957) Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence. Evolution 11:398–411
Wu Z, Kinslow C, Pettigrew KD et al (1998) Role of familial factors in late-onset Alzheimer disease as a function of age. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 12:190–197
Yin D (1996) Biochemical basis of lipofuscin, ceroid, and age pigment-like fluorophores. Free Radie Biol Med 21:871–888
Yoshida T, Kuwabara Y, Ichiya Y et al (1998) Cerebral muscarinic acetylcholinergic receptor measurement in Alzheimer’s disease patients on 11C-N-methyl-4-piperidyl benzilate—comparison with cerebral blood flow and cerebral glucose metabolism. Ann Nucl Med 12:35–42
Youngman LD, Park JY, Ames BN (1992) Protein oxidation associated with aging is reduced by dietary restriction of protein or calories. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:9112–9116
Yu BP (1994) Cellular defenses against damage from reactive oxygen species. Physiol Rev 74:139–162
Yu SW, Shaw SM, Van Sickle DC (1999) Radionuclide studies of articular cartilage in the early diagnosis of arthritis in the rabbit. Ann Acad Med Singapore 28:44–48
Zubieta JK, Koeppe RA, Frey KA et al (2001) Assessment of muscarinic receptor concentrations in aging and Alzheimer disease with [11C]NMPB and PET. Synapse 39:275–287
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pierson, R.N., Shreeve, W.W. (2003). The Biology of Aging and Related Nuclear Medicine Studies. In: Feinendegen, L.E., Shreeve, W.W., Eckelman, W.C., Bahk, YW., Wagner, H.N. (eds) Molecular Nuclear Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55539-8_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55539-8_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62427-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55539-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive