Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Elementary Excitations I: Single Electronic Quasiparticles

  • Chapter
Principles of Surface Physics

Part of the book series: Advanced Texts in Physics ((ADTP))

  • 1093 Accesses

Abstract

Surfaces are many-body systems consisting of interacting cores and electrons (Sect. 3.3.1). In order to describe many properties, in particular, groundstate properties, it is sufficient to replace the system of interacting electrons by a system of independent particles (3.2). One example is the density functional theory (Sect. 3.4.1) within the local approximation for the exchange and correlation contribution to the total energy (3.50). Using the Kohn-Sham equation (3.46), the ground state of the electronic subsystem can be described by independent (i.e., effectively non-interacting) particles, more strictly electrons moving in an effective single-particle potential (3.48). An ‘independent’ electron in a Kohn-Sham state possesses a fixed single-particle energy and a defined probability distribution of finding this electron in space. However, excitations of an electronic system cannot correctly be described by the independent Kohn-Sham particles in (3.46).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G. Binnig, H. Rohrer: Helv. Phys. Acta 55, 726 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. J. Bardeen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 6, 57 (1961)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. P.K. Hansma, J. Tersoff: J. Appl. Phys. 61, R1 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. N.D. Lang: Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 230 (1985); 56, 1164 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Cerda, M.A. Van Hove, P. Sautet, M. Salmeron: Phys. Rev. B56, 15885 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. Tersoff, D. R. Hamann: Phys. Rev. B31, 805 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  7. L. Hedin, S. Lundqvist: Solid State Phys. 23, 1 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Lüdge, P. Vogt, O. Pulci, N. Esser, F. Bechstedt, W. Richter: Phys. Rev. B62, 11046 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. Wiesendanger, H.-J. Güntherodt (Eds.): Scanning Tunneling Microscopy I, II, III, Springer Ser. Surf. Sci., Vols. 20, 28, 29 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1994, 1995, 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  10. J.A. Stroscio, R.M. Feenstra, A.P. Fein: Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2579 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Hüfner: Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, Vol. 82 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  12. F.J. Himpsel: Surf. Sci. Rep. 12, 1 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J.B. Pendry: J. Phys. C14, 1381 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  14. J.F. L. Hopkinson, J.B. Pendry, D.J. Titteringen: Comput. Phys. Commun. 19, 69 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. C. Solterbeck, W. Schattke, J.-W. Zahlmann-Nowitzki, K.-U. Gawlik, L. Kipp, M. Skibowski, C.S. Fadley, M.A. Van Hove: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4681 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. C.N. Berglund, W.E. Spicer: Phys. Rev. 136, A1030 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Einstein: Ann. Phys. 17, 132 (1905)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. D.C. Langreth: Phys. Rev. B1, 471 (1970); Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 1229 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  19. L.I. Johansson, I. Lindau: Solid State Commun. 29, 379 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Chastenet, P. Longe: Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 91 + 903 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  21. L. Hedin, J. Michiels, J. Inglesfield: Phys. Rev. B58, 15565 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  22. R. Graupner, M. Hollering, A. Ziegler, J. Ristein, L. Ley, A. Stampfl: Phys. Rev. B55, 10841 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  23. H. Carstensen, R. Claessen, R. Manzke, M. Skibowski: Phys. Rev. B41, 9880 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  24. U. Höfer: Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University, München (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  25. P. Steiner, H. Höchst, S. Hüfner: Z. Physik B30, 129 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  26. F. Bechstedt, K. Tenelsen, B. Adolph, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1528 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. P. Minnhagen: Phys. Lett. 56A, 327 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. F. Bechstedt, M. Fiedler, C. Kress, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. B49, 7357 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Fleszar, W. Hanke: Phys. Rev. B56, 10228 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  30. W.-D. Schöne, A.G. Eguiluz: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1662 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. L. Hedin: Phys. Rev. 139, A796 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. G. Strinati: La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento 11, 1 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. F. Aryasatiawan, O. Gunnarsson: Rep. Prog. Phys. 61, 237 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. M.S. Hybertsen, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1418 (1985); Phys. Rev. B34, 5390 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. O. Pulci, F. Bechstedt, G. Onida, R. Del Sole, L. Reining: Phys. Rev. B60, 16758 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  36. C. Blomberg, B. Bergersen: Can. J. Phys. 50, 2286 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. B. Bergersen, F.W. Kus, C. Blomberg: Can. J. Phys. 51, 102 (1973)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. F. Bechstedt: Adv. Solid State Phys. 32, 161 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. W.G. Aulbur, L. Jönsson, J.W. Wilkins: Solid State Phys. 54, 1 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. N.D. Lang, W. Kohn: Phys. Rev. B7, 3541 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  41. D.M. Newns: Phys. Rev. B1, 3304 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  42. F. Bechstedt, R. Enderlein, D. Reichardt: phys. stat. sol. (b) 117, 261 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz: Electrodynamics of Continua, Vol. 8 (Pergamon, Oxford 1959)

    Google Scholar 

  44. T. Ando, A.B. Fowler, F. Stern: Rev. Mod. Phys. 54, 437 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. F. Bechstedt, R. Enderlein, D. Reichardt: phys. stat. sol. (b) 118, 327 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. A.G. Eguiluz, M. Heinrichsmeier, A. Fleszar, W. Hanke: Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1359 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. N.D. Lang, W. Kohn: Phys. Rev. B1, 4555 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  48. N.W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin: Solid State Physics (Saunders College, Philadelphia 1976)

    Google Scholar 

  49. F. Bechstedt, M. Schemer: Surf. Sci. Rep. 18, 145 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. U. Grossner, J. Furthmüller, F. Bechstedt: phys. stat. sol. (b) 216, 675 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. U. Grossner, J. Furthmüller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B64, 165308 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  52. A. Scholze: Diploma Thesis, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  53. C.-O. Almbladh, U. von Barth: Phys. Rev. B31, 3231 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  54. M. Rohlfmg: Ph.D. Thesis, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  55. F. Bechstedt, R. Del Sole: Solid State Commun. 74, 41 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. W. Mönch, Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, 3rd ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  57. U. Grossner, J. Furthmüller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B58, R1722 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  58. F. Bechstedt, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. B38, 7710 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  59. I. Vurgaftman, J.R. Meyer, L.R. Ram-Mohan: J. Appl. Phys. 89, 5815 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. A.W. Maue: Z. Physik 94, 717 (1935)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. E.T. Goodwin: Proc. Cambr. Phil. Soc. 35, 205 (1939)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. S.G. Davison, M. Steslicka: Basic Theory of Surface States (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  63. V. Heine: Surf. Sci. 2, 1 (1964)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. V. Heine: Phys. Rev. 138, A1689 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. F. Bechstedt, R. Enderlein: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  66. M.S. Hybertsen, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. B38, 4033 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  67. X. Zhu, S.B. Zhang, S.G. Louie, M.L. Cohen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 2112 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. J.E. Northrup, M.S. Hybertsen, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 500 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. J.E. Northrup: Phys. Rev. B47, 10032 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  70. C. Kress, M. Fiedler, F. Bechstedt: in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Formation of Semiconductor Interfaces, ed. B. Lengeler, H. Lüth, W. Mönch, J. Pollmann (World Scientific, Singapore 1994), p. 19

    Google Scholar 

  71. C. Kress, M. Fiedler, F. Bechstedt: Europhys. Lett. 28, 433 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. C. Kress, M. Fiedler, W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B50, 17697 (1994); Surf. Sci. 331-333, 1152 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  73. M. Rohlfing, P. Krüger, J. Pollmann: Phys. Rev. B52, 1905 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  74. M. Rohlfing, P. Krüger, J. Pollmann: Phys. Rev. B54, 13759 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  75. O. Pulci, G. Onida, R. Del Sole, L. Reining: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5374 (1998); private communication

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. M. Rohlfing, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 856 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. M. Rohlfing, M. Palummo, G. Onida, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 9440 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. R.I.G. Uhrberg, G.V. Hansson, J.M. Nicholls, S.A. Flodström: Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1032 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. P. Perfetti, J.M. Nicholls, B. Reihl: Phys. Rev. B36, 6160 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  80. J. Wu, R. Cao, X. Yang, P. Pianetta, I. Lindau: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. All, 1048 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  81. G. Francz, P. Kania, G. Ganther, H. Stupp, P. Oelhafen: phys. stat. sol. (b) 154, 91 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. F. Bechstedt, R. Del Sole, F. Manghi: J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1, 75 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. O. Pulci, M. Palummo, R. Del Sole: in preparation

    Google Scholar 

  84. L. Sorba, V. Hinkel, U.U. Middelmann, K. Horn: Phys. Rev. B32, 8075 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  85. J.M. Nicholls, K.O. Magnusson, B. Reihl: Surf. Sci. Lett. 243, L31 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. W. Drube, D. Sträub, F.J. Himpsel: Phys. Rev. B35, 5563 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  87. A. Cricenti, S. Selci, K.O. Magnusson, B. Reihl: Phys. Rev. B41, 12908 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  88. J.M. Nicholls, G.V. Hansson, R.I.G. Uhrberg, S.A. Flodström: Phys. Rev. B27, 2594 (1983); J.M. Nicholls, G.V. Hansson, U.O. Karlsson, R.I.G. Uhrberg: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1555 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  89. S. Solal, G. Jezequel, A. Barski, P. Steiner, P. Pinchaux, Y. Petrof: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 360 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. J.M. Nicholls, B. Reihl: Surf. Sci. 218, 237 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. R.M. Feenstra, G. Meyer, F. Moresco, K.H. Rieder: Phys. Rev. B64, 081306 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  92. R.J. Hamers, U.K. Köhler: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A7, 2854 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  93. M. Skibowski, L. Kipp: J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 68, 5576 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  94. L. Kipp, R. Manzke, M. Skibowski: Solid State Commun. 93, 603 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. J.A. Kubby, J.E. Griffith, R.S. Becker, J.S. Vickers: Phys. Rev. B36, 6079 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  96. P.M. Echenique, R.M. Pendry: J. Phys. C11, 2065 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  97. P.J. Jennings, R.O. Jones: Phys. Rev. B34, 6695 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  98. G. Binnig, N. Garcia, H. Rohrer, J.M. Soler, F. Flores: Phys. Rev. B30, 4816 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  99. G. Binnig, K.H. Frank, H. Fuchs, N. Garcia, B. Reihe, H. Rohrer, F. Salvan, A.R. Williams: Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 991 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. U. Höfer, I.L. Shumay, C. Reuß, U. Thomann, W. Wallauer, T. Fauster: Science 277, 1480 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. F. Passek, M. Donath: Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1101 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. M.V. Cole, M.H. Cohen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 1238 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. R. Enderlein, N.J.M. Horing: Fundamentals of Semiconductor Physics and Devices (World Scientific, Singapore 1997)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  104. L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz: Quantum Mechanics, Vol. 3 (Pergamon Press, Oxford 1958)

    Google Scholar 

  105. D. Sträub, F.J. Himpsel: Phys. Rev. B33, 2256 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  106. P.M. Echenique, J.B. Pendry: Prog. Surf. Sci. 32, 111 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. R.O. Jones, P.J. Jennings, O. Jepsen: Phys. Rev. B29, 6474 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  108. P.J. Jennings, R.O. Jones, M. Weinert: Phys. Rev. B37, 6113 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  109. T. Fauster, W. Steinmann: in Photonic Probes of Surfaces, ed. P. Halevi (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 1995), Chapter 8

    Google Scholar 

  110. A. Goldmann, V. Dose, G. Borstel: Phys. Rev. B32, 1971 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  111. J.E. Northrup, J. Neugebauer: Phys. Rev. B57, R4230 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  112. J. Furthmüller, F. Bechstedt, H. Hüsken, B. Schröter, W. Richter: Phys. Rev. B58, 13712 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  113. M. Rohlfing, J. Pollmann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 135 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. L.I. Johansson, F. Owman, P. Mârtensson: Surf. Sci. 360, L478 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. L.S.O. Johansson, L. Duda, M. Laurenzis, M. Krieftewirth, B. Reihl: Surf. Sci. 445, 109 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. J.-M. Themlin, I. Forbeaux, V. Langlais, H. Belkhir, J.-M. Debever: Europhys. Lett. 39, 61 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. C. Benesch: Ph.D. Thesis, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  118. V. Ramachandran, R.M. Feenstra: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1000 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. V.A. Gasparov, M. Riehl-Chudoba, B. Schröter, W. Richter: Europhys. Lett. 51, 527 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. N. Sieber, T. Seyller, L. Ley, M. Polcik, D. James, J.D. Ridley, R.C.G. Leckey: Materials Science Forum 389-393, 713 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. J. Hubbard: Proc. R. Soc. London A276, 238 (1963); 281, 401 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  122. W. Jones, N.H. March: Theoretical Solid State Physics (Dover, New York 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  123. W.A. Harrison: Phys. Rev. B31, 2121 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  124. W.A. Harrison: Elementary Electronic Structure (World Scientific, Singapore 1999)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  125. N.F. Mott: Proc. R. Soc. London A62, 416 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  126. R. Schiller, W. Nolting: Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3847 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. R.I.G. Uhrberg, T. Kaurila, Y.-C. Chao: Phys. Rev. B58, R1730 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  128. R.I.G. Uhrberg: private communication

    Google Scholar 

  129. F. Bechstedt, A.A. Stekolnikov, J. Furthmüller, P. Käckell: Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 016103 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. F. Flores, J. Ortega, R. Pérez: Surf. Rev. Lett. 6, 411 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Festkörpertheorie und Theoretische Optik, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Professor Dr. Friedhelm Bechstedt

Authors
  1. Professor Dr. Friedhelm Bechstedt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bechstedt, F. (2003). Elementary Excitations I: Single Electronic Quasiparticles. In: Principles of Surface Physics. Advanced Texts in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55466-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55466-7_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62458-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55466-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation