Abstract
In this chapter, we describe a series of observations of magnetic domain wall configurations in a Ni2-Mn-Ga––type ferromagnetic shape memory alloy. First we introduce the technique of phase reconstructed Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, both the classical approach and the quantum mechanical determination of the electron wave phase shift using the Transport-of-Intensity Equation formalism. Then we apply this technique to domain wall observations in several phases, including the austenitic state and the (modulated) martensitic state. We conclude the chapter with a preliminary analysis of a magnetization state that is best described as a nearly regular array of magnetic vortices, pinned by martensite variant boundaries (twin boundaries). The magnetization configuration is only observed when the twins are finely spaced, and is likely due to the interaction of the magnetic and strain order parameters in this system.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge stimulating interactions with A. Budruk, S. Venkateswaran, A. Petford-Long, and S. Hua, The experimental portion of this work was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant # DMR-1005530); for the theoretical and simulation work, we acknowledge an AFOSR-MURI grant (# FA9550-12-1-0458). Part of this work was completed while MDG was on sabbatical leave at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. A part of this work was carried out at Argonne National Laboratory, a US Department of Energy, Office of Science Laboratory operated under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 by University of Chicago Argonne, LLC. The funding for the JEOL Lorentz TEM was provided by US DOE, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences.
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Phatak, C., De Graef, M. (2014). Imaging of Domains and Vortices in Multifunctional Materials. In: Saxena, A., Planes, A. (eds) Mesoscopic Phenomena in Multifunctional Materials. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 198. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2_6
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