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Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Dentistry pp 19–36Cite as

Composition and Setting Reaction

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Abstract

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been introduced as a root-end filling material due to its hydraulic properties since most dental materials deteriorate when in contact with moisture. This chapter looks into the composition of un-hydrated MTA, the properties of the freshly mixed material and the characteristics of the set cement. Un-hydrated MTA is composed of tricalcium and dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and bismuth oxide. On addition of water, the MTA hydrates and forms calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate together with small quantities of ettringite and monosulphate phases. Chemical and mineral additives modify the properties of fresh and set MTA. These additives are used mostly to reduce the setting time, improve the workability, enhance the properties of the set material and reduce material washout. The use of Portland cement can increase the risk of trace element incorporation in MTA, and bismuth oxide has been reported to interfere with the material hydration.

Several characterisation techniques have been used to assess both the un-hydrated and hydrated cement. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) provide data on both the material surface characteristics and microstructure and also allow the determination of the extent of hydration by observation of the formation of hydration products in polished sections. EDS analysis provides information on the elemental analysis. Since the cement components and bismuth oxide are crystalline, phase analysis accomplished by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) provides data on the phases present in both the un-hydrated and the hydrated MTA. Other techniques such as laser Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), together with the XRD and SEM/EDS thus, provide information on composition and hydration of MTA.

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  1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Medical School, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta

    Josette Camilleri BChD, MPhil, PhD, FIMMM, FADM

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  1. Josette Camilleri BChD, MPhil, PhD, FIMMM, FADM
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Correspondence to Josette Camilleri BChD, MPhil, PhD, FIMMM, FADM .

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    Josette Camilleri

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Camilleri, J. (2014). Composition and Setting Reaction. In: Camilleri, J. (eds) Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Dentistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55157-4_2

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