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Geschichte der Psychedelika in der Medizin

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Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen

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Zusammenfassung

Seit hunderten, wenn nicht sogar seit tausenden von Jahren werden Psychedelika von Menschen verwendet. Die ernsthafte medizinische Erforschung dieser Substanzen begann im Westen erst im späten 19. Jahrhundert mit der Entdeckung von Meskalin.

Von da an war in den 1940er-Jahren die Synthetisierung der Substanz LSD zu beobachten und darauf folgend die zunehmend wichtiger werdende Rolle der Psychedelika im Rahmen der Entwicklung der biologischen Psychiatrie in den 1950ern. Die Psychiatrie erforschte die Möglichkeiten der psychedelischen Therapie umfassend, bis LSD Ende der 1960er-Jahre verboten wurde. Es wurden weitere Substanzen entdeckt, wie beispielsweise MDMA, dessen Geschichte einen ähnlichen Weg einschlug wie zuvor jene des LSD und Mitte der 1980er-Jahre ebenfalls verboten wurde. Während sich seitdem die Debatte rund um den rekreationalen Gebrauch psychoaktiver Substanzen fortsetzte, kam es in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten zu einem erneuten Aufleben der psychedelischen Forschung.

Hunderte neue Publikationen aus Mainstream-Forschungsinstitutionen rund um den Globus beschäftigten und beschäftigen sich mit der Erforschung psychedelischer Substanzen. Die Geschichte der Beschäftigung mit Psychedelika in der Medizin ist eng verknüpft mit gesellschaftlichen, technologischen und kulturellen Veränderungen und befindet sich weiterhin in der Entwicklung.

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Danksagung

Großer Dank gebührt all den Freunden und Kollegen, die in der frühen Phase dieses Artikels ihre Meinungen eingebracht haben, unter anderem: George Greer, Rick Doblin, David Nichols, Richard Yensen, Charles Grob, Thomas Roberts, Neal Goldsmith, Andy Roberts und Jay H. Ellens.

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  1. Imperial College London, London, Großbritannien

    Ben Sessa

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  1. FINDER Institut für Präventionsforschung & Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Maximilian von Heyden

  2. FINDER Institut für Präventionsforschung, Berlin, Germany

    Henrik Jungaberle

  3. Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Tomislav Majić

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Sessa, B. (2018). Geschichte der Psychedelika in der Medizin. In: von Heyden, M., Jungaberle, H., Majić, T. (eds) Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen. Springer Reference Psychologie . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55125-3_99

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