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Cholinergika

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Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen

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Zusammenfassung

Acetylcholin vermittelt an der quergestreiften Muskulatur die Erregungsübertragung zwischen Nerv und Muskel an der neuromuskulären Endplatte, und im vegetativen Nervensystem ist es Transmitter vom ersten auf das zweite Neuron, im Parasympatikus vom zweiten Neuron zum Endorgan. Die Entwicklung von Substanzen mit cholinergen Wirkungen, aber längerer Halbwertszeit als Acetylcholin, führte in der Medizin zur Klasse der Parasympathomimetika. Die pharmakologische Hemmung von Esterasen, die den Abbau von Acetylcholin hemmen, ermöglicht indirekt eine Erhöhung der Acetylcholinwirkung (indirekte Sympathomimetika).

Im zentralen Nervensystem stellt Acetylcholin einen wichtigen Botenstoff dar. Zentral wirksame Acetylcholin-Esterase-Hemmer werden als Therapeutika bei der Alzheimer-Demenz eingesetzt.

Unter den drei weltweit wichtigsten Genuss- und Suchtmitteln – Alkohol, Nikotin und Betel – greifen Nikotin und Betel auch an zentralen nikotinischen Acetylcholinrezeptoren an, was stark mit der Ausbildung einer Abhängigkeit in Verbindung gebracht wird.

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  1. Kopfkliniken, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland

    Norbert Thürauf

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  1. Norbert Thürauf
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. FINDER Institut für Präventionsforschung & Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Maximilian von Heyden

  2. FINDER Institut für Präventionsforschung, Berlin, Germany

    Henrik Jungaberle

  3. Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Tomislav Majić

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Thürauf, N. (2018). Cholinergika. In: von Heyden, M., Jungaberle, H., Majić, T. (eds) Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen. Springer Reference Psychologie . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55125-3_27

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