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Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism pp 169–215Cite as

Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism: Lipid Metabolism and Lipidomics

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Abstract

Lipids play several essential roles in the biology and metabolism of eukaryotic cells. In addition to their structural role as constituents of cell membranes, they have been increasingly recognized as dynamic and vital molecules, involved in a variety of cellular processes. Examples are cell signalling, membrane trafficking and influencing the stability of protein complexes in membranes. This chapter provides an overview of lipid classes and metabolic pathways in yeast. Lipid metabolism involves various organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, peroxisomes and lipid droplets (LD), which will be highlighted. Specific attention is devoted to examples of recently discovered key players in yeast lipid metabolism, which illustrate our improved understanding of cells as an interconnected biological system. This chapter comprises descriptions of regulatory networks, multifunctional enzymes and lipids that serve as modulators of their own synthesis. The last part of the chapter is dedicated to the increasing numbers of biotechnological processes based on lipid metabolism. Besides the prominent model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, other predominantly oleaginous yeasts are also included.

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Abbreviations

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CDP:

Cytidinediphosphate

CL:

Cardiolipin

CoA:

Coenzyme A

CTP:

Cytidine triphosphate

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

DGPP:

Diacylglycerol diphosphate

DMAPP:

Dimethylallyl diphosphate

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

ERMES:

ER-mitochondria encounter structure

FA:

Fatty acids

FIT:

Fat storage-inducing transmembrane proteins

FPP:

Farnesyl diphosphate

GGPP:

Geranylgeranyl diphosphate

GPI:

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol

GPP:

Geranyl diphosphate

IMM:

Inner mitochondrial membrane

IPC:

Inositol phosphorylceramide

IPP:

Isopentenyl diphosphate

LD:

Lipid droplets

MAM:

Mitochondria-associated membrane fraction

M(IP)2C:

Mannosyl (inositol phosphoryl)2 ceramide

MINOS:

Mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system

MIPC:

Mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide

Mt:

Mitochondria

NADPH:

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Nu:

Nucleus

OMM:

Outer mitochondrial membrane

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PDR:

Pleiotropic drug response

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PI:

Phosphatidylinositol

PIP:

Phosphatidylinositol phosphate

PL:

Phospholipids

PS:

Phosphatidylserine

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated FA

Px:

Peroxisomes

SE:

Steryl esters

SPT:

Serine palmitoyltransferase complex

TG:

Triacylglycerols

TORC2:

Target of rapamycin complex 2

UASINO :

Inositol-responsive upstream activating sequence element

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. Roger Pain and Dr. Karlheinz Grillitsch for carefully reading the manuscript. Research in G.D.’s laboratory was financially supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project W901 (DK Molecular Enzymology). The work in U.P.’s laboratory was financially supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) grants J1―6507 and P1―0207.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Birgit Ploier & Günther Daum

  2. Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Uroš Petrovič

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  1. Birgit Ploier
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  2. Günther Daum
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  3. Uroš Petrovič
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Correspondence to Günther Daum or Uroš Petrovič .

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  1. Dept. Cell & Organism Biology, University of Lund Fac. Science, Lund, Sweden

    Jure Piškur

  2. Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Concetta Compagno

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Ploier, B., Daum, G., Petrovič, U. (2014). Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism: Lipid Metabolism and Lipidomics. In: Piškur, J., Compagno, C. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55013-3_8

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