Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Intravenous Fluids and Coagulation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Perioperative Hemostasis

  • 2318 Accesses

Abstract

Colloids and crystalloids are frequently use to restore intravascular volume. Both solutions interfere with the coagulation process in different ways. Increasing amounts of fluids result in dilutional coagulopathy. Artificial colloids exert additive effects on fibrin polymerisation and platelet function. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that starches and dextrans show the greatest negative impact on hemostasis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alexander B, Odake K et al (1975) Coagulation, hemostasis, and plasma expanders:a quarter century enigma. Fed Proc 34(6):1429–1440

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angle N, Hoyt DB et al (1998) Hypertonic saline resuscitation diminishes lung injury by suppressing neutrophil activation after hemorrhagic shock. Shock 9(3):164–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batlle J, del Rio F et al (1985) Effect of dextran on factor VIII/von Willebrand factor structure and function. Thromb Haemost 54(3):697–699

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodin B, Hesselvik F et al (1984) Decrease of plasma fibronectin concentration following infusion of a gelatin-based plasma substitute in man. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 44(6):529–533

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brummel-Ziedins K, Whelihan MF et al (2006) The resuscitative fluid you choose may potentiate bleeding. J Trauma 61(6):1350–1358

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bulger EM, May S et al (2010) Out-of-hospital hypertonic resuscitation following severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 304(13):1455–1464

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bulger EM, May S et al (2011) Out-of-hospital hypertonic resuscitation after traumatic hypovolemic shock: a randomized, placebo controlled trial. Ann Surg 253(3):431–441

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bunn F, Trivedi D (2012) Colloid solutions for fluid resuscitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD001319

    Google Scholar 

  • Casutt M, Kristoffy A et al (2010) Effects on coagulation of balanced (130/0.42) and non-balanced (130/0.4) hydroxyethyl starch or gelatin compared with balanced Ringer's solution: an in vitro study using two different viscoelastic coagulation tests ROTEMTM and SONOCLOTTM. Br J Anaesth 105(3):273–281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi PT, Yip G et al (1999) Crystalloids vs. colloids in fluid resuscitation: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 27(1):200–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clagett GP, Anderson FA Jr et al (1995) Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest 108(4 Suppl):312S–334S

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coats TJ, Heron M (2004) The effect of hypertonic saline dextran on whole blood coagulation. Resuscitation 60(1):101–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coats TJ, Brazil E et al (2006) The effects of commonly used resuscitation fluids on whole blood coagulation. Emerg Med J 23(7):546–549

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Conroy JM, Fishman RL et al (1996) The effects of desmopressin and 6% hydroxyethyl starch on factor VIII:C. Anesth Analg 83(4):804–807

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Jonge E, Levi M (2001) Effects of different plasma substitutes on blood coagulation: a comparative review. Crit Care Med 29(6):1261–1267

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Jonge E, Levi M et al (1998) Impaired haemostasis by intravenous administration of a gelatin-based plasma expander in human subjects. Thromb Haemost 79(2):286–290

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Denis R, Smith RW et al (1987) Relocation of nonalbumin proteins after albumin resuscitation. J Surg Res 43(5):413–419

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deusch E, Gamsjager T et al (2003) Binding of hydroxyethyl starch molecules to the platelet surface. Anesth Analg 97(3):680–683

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deusch E, Thaler U et al (2004) The effects of high molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch solutions on platelets. Anesth Analg 99(3):665–668

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunbar NM, Chandler WL (2009) Thrombin generation in trauma patients. Transfusion 49(12):2652–2660

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egli GA, Zollinger A et al (1997) Effect of progressive haemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch, gelatin and albumin on blood coagulation. Br J Anaesth 78(6):684–689

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engvall E, Ruoslahti E et al (1978) Affinity of fibronectin to collagens of different genetic types and to fibrinogen. J Exp Med 147(6):1584–1595

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Entholzner EK, Mielke LL et al (2000) Coagulation effects of a recently developed hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4) compared to hydroxyethyl starches with higher molecular weight. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 44(9):1116–1121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson M, Saldeen T (1995) Effect of dextran on plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) during surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 39(2):163–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans PA, Glenn JR et al (1998) Effects of gelatin-based resuscitation fluids on platelet aggregation. Br J Anaesth 81(2):198–202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans PA, Heptinstall S et al (2003) Prospective double-blind randomized study of the effects of four intravenous fluids on platelet function and hemostasis in elective hip surgery. J Thromb Haemost 1(10):2140–2148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenger-Eriksen C, Tonnesen E et al (2009) Mechanisms of hydroxyethyl starch-induced dilutional coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost 7(7):1099–1105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finfer S, Bellomo R et al (2004) A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med 350(22):2247–2256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franz A, Braunlich P et al (2001) The effects of hydroxyethyl starches of varying molecular weights on platelet function. Anesth Analg 92(6):1402–1407

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fries D, Martini WZ (2010) Role of fibrinogen in trauma-induced coagulopathy. Br J Anaesth 105(2):116–121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fries D, Innerhofer P et al (2002) The effect of the combined administration of colloids and lactated Ringer's solution on the coagulation system: an in vitro study using thrombelastograph coagulation analysis (ROTEG. Anesth Analg 94(5):1280–1287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fries D, Krismer A et al (2005) Effect of fibrinogen on reversal of dilutional coagulopathy: a porcine model. Br J Anaesth 95(2):172–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamsjager T, Gustorff B et al (2002) The effects of hydroxyethyl starches on intracellular calcium in platelets. Anesth Analg 95(4):866–869

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grottke O, Braunschweig T et al (2010) Effects of different fibrinogen concentrations on blood loss and coagulation parameters in a pig model of coagulopathy with blunt liver injury. Crit Care 14(2):R62

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Guidet B, Soni N et al (2010) A balanced view of balanced solutions. Crit Care 14(5):325

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Haas T, Fries D et al (2008a) Less impairment of hemostasis and reduced blood loss in pigs after resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock using the small-volume concept with hypertonic saline/hydroxyethyl starch as compared to administration of 4% gelatin or 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution. Anesth Analg 106(4):1078–1086

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haas T, Fries D et al (2008b) The in vitro effects of fibrinogen concentrate, factor XIII and fresh frozen plasma on impaired clot formation after 60% dilution. Anesth Analg 106(5):1360–1365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanke AA, Maschler S et al (2011) In vitro impairment of whole blood coagulation and platelet function by hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 19:12

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hauser CJ, Shoemaker WC et al (1980) Oxygen transport responses to colloids and crystalloids in critically ill surgical patients. Surg Gynecol Obstet 150(6):811–816

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Innerhofer P, Fries D et al (2002) In vivo effect of haemodilution with saline on coagulation. Br J Anaesth 89(6):934

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob M, Chappell D et al (2012) The intravascular volume effect of Ringer's lactate is below 20%: a prospective study in humans. Crit Care 16(3):R86

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • James MF, Michell WL et al (2011) Resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch improves renal function and lactate clearance in penetrating trauma in a randomized controlled study: the FIRST trial (Fluids in Resuscitation of Severe Trauma). Br J Anaesth 107(5):693–702

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jamnicki M, Zollinger A et al (1998) Compromised blood coagulation: an in vitro comparison of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 using thrombelastography. Anesth Analg 87(5):989–993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jamnicki M, Bombeli T et al (2000) Low- and medium-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starches: comparison of their effect on blood coagulation. Anesthesiology 93(5):1231–1237

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jesty J (1986) The kinetics of inhibition of alpha-thrombin in human plasma. J Biol Chem 261(22):10313–10318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin SL, Yu BW (2010) Effects of acute hypervolemic fluid infusion of hydroxyethyl starch and gelatin on hemostasis and possible mechanisms. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 16(1):91–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson AL, Criddle LM (2004) Pass the salt: indications for and implications of using hypertonic saline. Crit Care Nurse 24(5):36–38

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson SD, Lucas CE et al (1979) Altered coagulation after albumin supplements for treatment of oligemic shock. Arch Surg 114(4):379–383

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones SB, Whitten CW et al (2003) The influence of crystalloid and colloid replacement solutions in acute normovolemic hemodilution: a preliminary survey of hemostatic markers. Anesth Analg 96(2):363–368

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jungheinrich C, Neff TA (2005) Pharmacokinetics of hydroxyethyl starch. Clin Pharmacokinet 44(7):681–699

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jungheinrich C, Sauermann W et al (2004) Volume efficacy and reduced influence on measures of coagulation using hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (6%) with an optimised in vivo molecular weight in orthopaedic surgery : a randomised, double-blind study. Drugs R D 5(1):1–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapiotis S, Quehenberger P et al (1994) Effect of hydroxyethyl starch on the activity of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy volunteers: comparison with albumin. Crit Care Med 22(4):606–612

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karoutsos S, Nathan N et al (1999) Thrombelastogram reveals hypercoagulability after administration of gelatin solution. Br J Anaesth 82(2):175–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasper SM, Meinert P et al (2003) Large-dose hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 at recommended doses. Anesthesiology 99(1):42–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kermode JC, Zheng Q et al (1999) Marked temperature dependence of the platelet calcium signal induced by human von Willebrand factor. Blood 94(1):199–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kheirabadi BS, Crissey JM et al (2008) Effects of synthetic versus natural colloid resuscitation on inducing dilutional coagulopathy and increasing hemorrhage in rabbits. J Trauma 64(5):1218–1228

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kozek-Langenecker SA (2005) Effects of hydroxyethyl starch solutions on hemostasis. Anesthesiology 103(3):654–660

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kozek-Langenecker SA (2009) Influence of fluid therapy on the haemostatic system of intensive care patients. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 23(2):225–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulla M, Lampl L et al (2008) Hydroxyethyl starch 6% 130/0.42 in acetate-buffered Ringer's solution as a part of a balanced-volume resuscitation in abdominal surgery. Anästhesiol Intensivmed 1:7–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Langeron O, Doelberg M et al (2001) Voluven, a lower substituted novel hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4), causes fewer effects on coagulation in major orthopedic surgery than HES 200/0.5. Anesth Analg 92(4):855–862

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laxenaire MC, Mertes PM (2001) Anaphylaxis during anaesthesia. Results of a two-year survey in France. Br J Anaesth 87(4):549–558

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas CE, Ledgerwood AM et al (1982) Altered coagulation protein content after albumin resuscitation. Ann Surg 196(2):198–202

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mardel SN, Saunders FM et al (1998) Reduced quality of clot formation with gelatin-based plasma substitutes. Br J Anaesth 80(2):204–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McIlroy DR, Kharasch ED (2003) Acute intravascular volume expansion with rapidly administered crystalloid or colloid in the setting of moderate hypovolemia. Anesth Analg 96(6):1572–1577

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meng ZH, Wolberg AS et al (2003) The effect of temperature and pH on the activity of factor VIIa: implications for the efficacy of high-dose factor VIIa in hypothermic and acidotic patients. J Trauma 55(5):886–891

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittermayr M, Streif W et al (2007) Hemostatic changes after crystalloid or colloid fluid administration during major orthopedic surgery: the role of fibrinogen administration. Anesth Analg 105(4):905–917

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittermayr M, Streif W et al (2008) Effects of colloid and crystalloid solutions on endogenous activation of fibrinolysis and resistance of polymerized fibrin to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator added ex vivo. Br J Anaesth 100(3):307–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortier E, Ongenae M et al (1997) In vitro evaluation of the effect of profound haemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch 6%, modified fluid gelatin 4% and dextran 40 10% on coagulation profile measured by thromboelastography. Anaesthesia 52(11):1061–1064

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myburgh J, Cooper DJ et al (2007) Saline or albumin for fluid resuscitation in patients with traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med 357(9):874–884

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neff TA, Doelberg M et al (2003) Repetitive large-dose infusion of the novel hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 in patients with severe head injury. Anesth Analg 96(5):1453–1459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ng KF, Lam CC et al (2002) In vivo effect of haemodilution with saline on coagulation: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 88(4):475–480

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niemi TT, Silvanto M et al (2005) Albumin induced hypercoagulability does not reduce blood loss in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Scand J Surg 94(3):227–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niemi TT, Suojaranta-Ylinen RT et al (2006) Gelatin and hydroxyethyl starch, but not albumin, impair hemostasis after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 102(4):998–1006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perel P, Roberts I (2012) Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD000567

    Google Scholar 

  • Perner A, Haase N et al (2012) Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer's acetate in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 367(2):124–134

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petroianu GA, Liu J et al (2000) The effect of In vitro hemodilution with gelatin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, or Ringer's solution on Thrombelastograph. Anesth Analg 90(4):795–800

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rehm M, Finsterer U (2003) Treating intraoperative hyperchloremic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate or tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane: a randomized prospective study. Anesth Analg 96(4):1201–1208, table of contents

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts I, Blackhall K et al (2011) Human albumin solution for resuscitation and volume expansion in critically ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (11):CD001208

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruttmann TG (2002) Haemodilution enhances coagulation. Br J Anaesth 88(4):470–472

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruttmann TG, James MF et al (1996) Haemodilution induces a hypercoagulable state. Br J Anaesth 76(3):412–414

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruttmann TG, Jamest MF et al (2001) Haemodilution-induced enhancement of coagulation is attenuated in vitro by restoring antithrombin III to pre-dilution concentrations. Anaesth Intensive Care 29(5):489–493

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruttmann TG, Lemmens HJ et al (2006) The haemodilution enhanced onset of coagulation as measured by the thrombelastogram is transient. Eur J Anaesthesiol 23(7):574–579

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scatchard G, Batchelder AC et al (1944) Chemical, Clinical, and Immunological Studies on the Products of Human Plasma Fractionation. Vi. The Osmotic Pressure of Plasma and of Serum Albumin. J Clin Invest 23(4):458–464

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schaden E, Wetzel L et al (2012) Effect of the carrier solution for hydroxyethyl starch on platelet aggregation and clot formation. Br J Anaesth 109(4):572–577

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schierhout G, Roberts I (1998) Fluid resuscitation with colloid or crystalloid solutions in critically ill patients: a systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ 316(7136):961–964

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schlimp CJ, Cadmoro J et al (2013) The effect of fibrinogen concentrate and factor XIII on thromboelastometry in 33 % diluted blood with albumin, gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch or saline in vitro. Blood Transfus 11(4):510–517

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schramko AA, Kuitunen AH et al (2009) Role of fibrinogen-, factor VIII- and XIII-mediated clot propagation in gelatin haemodilution. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 53(6):731–735

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schramko A, Suojaranta-Ylinen R et al (2010) Hydroxyethylstarch and gelatin solutions impair blood coagulation after cardiac surgery: a prospective randomized trial. Br J Anaesth 104(6):691–697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith GJ, Kramer GC et al (1985) A comparison of several hypertonic solutions for resuscitation of bled sheep. J Surg Res 39(6):517–528

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorensen B, Fries D (2012) Emerging treatment strategies for trauma-induced coagulopathy. Br J Surg 99(Suppl 1):40–50

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sossdorf M, Marx S et al (2009) HES 130/0.4 impairs haemostasis and stimulates pro-inflammatory blood platelet function. Crit Care 13(6):R208

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stogermuller B, Stark J et al (2000) The effect of hydroxyethyl starch 200 kD on platelet function. Anesth Analg 91(4):823–827

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss RG, Pennell BJ et al (2002) A randomized, blinded trial comparing the hemostatic effects of pentastarch versus hetastarch. Transfusion 42(1):27–36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabuchi N, de Haan J et al (1995) Gelatin use impairs platelet adhesion during cardiac surgery. Thromb Haemost 74(6):1447–1451

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thaler U, Deusch E et al (2005) In vitro effects of gelatin solutions on platelet function: a comparison with hydroxyethyl starch solutions. Anaesthesia 60(6):554–559

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tollofsrud S, Tonnessen T et al (1998) Hypertonic saline and dextran in normovolaemic and hypovolaemic healthy volunteers increases interstitial and intravascular fluid volumes. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 42(2):145–153

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Treib J, Haass A et al (1996) Influence of low and medium molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch on platelets during a long-term hemodilution in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Arzneimittelforschung 46(11):1064–1066

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Treib J, Baron JF et al (1999) An international view of hydroxyethyl starches. Intensive Care Med 25(3):258–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Linden P, Ickx BE (2006) The effects of colloid solutions on hemostasis. Can J Anaesth 53(6 Suppl):S30–S39

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Linden P, Schmartz D (1992) Pharmacology of gelatins. In: Plasma volume expansion. J. F. Baron/Arenette, Paris, pp 67–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Linden PJ, De Hert SG et al (2005) Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 versus modified fluid gelatin for volume expansion in cardiac surgery patients: the effects on perioperative bleeding and transfusion needs. Anesth Analg 101(3):629–634

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Velasco IT, Pontieri V et al (1980) Hyperosmotic NaCl and severe hemorrhagic shock. Am J Physiol 239(5):H664–H673

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waters JH, Gottlieb A et al (2001) Normal saline versus lactated Ringer's solution for intraoperative fluid management in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: an outcome study. Anesth Analg 93(4):817–822

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal M, James MF et al (2009) Hydroxyethyl starches: different products–different effects. Anesthesiology 111(1):187–202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilder DM, Reid TJ et al (2002) Hypertonic resuscitation and blood coagulation: in vitro comparison of several hypertonic solutions for their action on platelets and plasma coagulation. Thromb Res 107(5):255–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. AUVA Trauma Center, Salzburg, Austria

    Herbert Schöchl & Wolfgang Voelckel

  2. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for experimental and clinical Traumatology, Viennna, Austria

    Herbert Schöchl & Christoph Schlimp

Authors
  1. Herbert Schöchl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christoph Schlimp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wolfgang Voelckel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Herbert Schöchl .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Carlo Enrique Marcucci

  2. Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Patrick Schoettker

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schöchl, H., Schlimp, C., Voelckel, W. (2015). Intravenous Fluids and Coagulation. In: Marcucci, C., Schoettker, P. (eds) Perioperative Hemostasis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55004-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55004-1_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-55003-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55004-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation