Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Prevention of Patellofemoral Injuries

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Patellofemoral Joint

  • 2011 Accesses

Abstract

Patellofemoral knee injuries account for one in four of all knee injuries in athletes [1], up to 40 % of all physical therapy visits for knee pain [2, 3], and 10 % of total visits to physical therapy clinics [3]. Patellofemoral pain is the most common injury in runners [4] and the most common source of knee pain in adolescents [5].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Devereaux MD, Lachmann SM. Patellofemoral arthralgia in athletes attending a sports injury clinic. Br J Sports Med. 1984;18:18–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. DeHaven KE, Lintner DM. Athletic injuries: comparison by age, sport, and gender. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14:218–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kannus P, Natri A, Paakkala T, Jarvinen M. An outcome study of chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome: seven-year follow-up of patients in a randomized, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81(3):355–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Taunton JE, Ryan MB, Clement DB, McKenzie DC, Lloyd-Smith DR, Zumbo BD. A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36:95–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Baxter M. Knee pain in the paediatric athlete. Paediatr Med. 1986;1:211–8.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fulkerson JP, Arendt EA. Anterior knee pain in females. Clin Orthop. 2000;372:69–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Powers CM. The influence of abnormal hip mechanics on knee injury: a biomechanical perspective. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40(2):42–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bizzini M, Childs J, Piva S, Delitto A. Systematic review of the quality of randomized controlled trials for patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:4–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Crossley K, Bennell K, Green S, McConnell J. A systematic review of physical interventions for patellofemoral pain syndrome. Clin J Sport Med. 2001;11(2):103–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Heintjes E, Berger M, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Bernsen RM, Verhaar JA, Koes BW. Exercise therapy for patellofemoral pain syndrome (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD003472.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hoch A, Pepper M, Akuthota V. Stress fractures and knee injuries in runners. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2005;16:749–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Nimon G, Murray D, Sandow M, Goodfellow J. Natural history of anterior knee pain: a 14- to 20-year follow-up of nonoperative management. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(1):118–22.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Stathopulu E, Baildam E. Anterior knee pain: a long-term follow-up. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42(2):380–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Witvrouw E, Lysens R, Bellemans J, Peers K, Vanderstraeten G. Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises for patellofemoral pain: a prospective, randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(5):687–94.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Brossmann J, Muhle C, Bull CC, Schroder C, Meichert UH, Zieplies J, Spielman RF, Heller M. Evaluation of patellar tracking in patients with suspected patellar malalignment: cine MR imaging vs. arthroscopy. Am J Roentgenol. 1994;162:361–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Laprade J, Culham E. Radiographic measures in subjects who are asymptomatic and subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;414:172–82.

    Google Scholar 

  17. MacIntyre NJ, Hill NA, Fellows RA, Ellis RE, Wilson DR. Patellofemoral joint kinematics in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88:2596–605.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Powers CM, Ward SR, Fredericson M, Guillet M, Shellock FG. Patellar kinematics during weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing movements in persons with patellar subluxation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33(11):677–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lee TQ, Morris G, Csintalan RP. The influence of tibial and femoral rotation on patellofemoral contact area and pressure. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:686–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Chen YJ, Powers CM. The dynamic Q-angle: a comparison of persons with and without patellofemoral pain [abstract]. Proceedings of the North American Congress on Biomechanics. Ann Arbor: MI; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Chen YJ, Scher I, Powers CM. Quantification of patellofemoral joint reaction forces during functional tasks: a subject specific, three-dimensional model. J Appl Biomech. 2010;26(4):415–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Huberti HH, Hayes WC. Patellofemoral contact pressures. The influence of Q-angle and tendofemoral contact. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:715–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Claiborne TL, Armstrong CW, Gandhi V, Pincivero DM. Relationship between hip and knee strength and knee valgus during a single leg squat. J Appl Biomech. 2006;22:41–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hollman JH, Ginos BE, Kozuchowski J, Vaughn AS, Krause DA, Youdas JW. Relationships between knee valgus, hip-muscle strength, and hip-muscle recruitment during a single-limb step-down. J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18:104–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Jacobs CA, Uhl TL, Mattacola CG, Shapiro R, Rayens WS. Hip abductor function and lower extremity landing kinematics: sex differences. J Athl Train. 2007;42:76–83.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Willson JD, Ireland ML, Davis I. Core strength and lower extremity alignment during single leg squats. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38:945–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Powers CM. The influence of altered lower-extremity kinematics on patellofemoral joint dysfunction: a theoretical perspective. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33(11):639–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR, Heidt Jr RS, Colosimo AJ, McLean SG, van den Bogert AJ, Paterno MV, Succop P. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:492–501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ireland ML, Willson JD, Ballantyne BT, Davix IM. Hip strength in females with and without patellofemoral pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:671–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Riegger-Krugh C, Keysor J. Skeletal malalignments of the lower quarter: correlated and compensatory motions and postures. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996;23:164–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Wilk KE, Davies GJ, Mangine RE, Malone TR. Patellofemoral disorders: a classification system and clinical guidelines for nonoperative rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;28:307–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Blackburn JT, Padua DA. Sagittal-plane trunk position, landing forces, and quadriceps electromyographic activity. J Athl Train. 2009;44:174–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Perry J. Gait analysis: normal and pathological function. Thorofare: Slack Inc; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Nadler SF, Malanga GA, DePrince M, Stitik TP, Feinberg JH. The relationship between lower extremity injury, low back pain, and hip muscle strength in male and female collegiate athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 2000;10:89–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Leetun DT, Ireland ML, Willson JD, Ballantyne BT, Davis IM. Core stability measures as risk factors for lower extremity injury in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36:926–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Niemuth PE, Johnson RJ, Myers MJ, Thieman TJ. Hip muscle weakness and overuse injuries in recreational runners. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15:14–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Cichanowski HR, Schmitt JS, Johnson RJ, Niemuth PE. Hip strength in collegiate female athletes with patellofemoral pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1227–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Robinson RL, Nee RJ. Analysis of hip strength in females seeking physical therapy treatment for unilateral patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37(5):232–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Bolgla LA, Malone TR, Umberger BR, Uhl TL. Hip strength and hip and knee kinematics during stair descent in females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38(1):12–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Souza RB, Powers CM. Differences in hip kinematics, muscle strength, and muscle activation between subjects with and without patellofemoral pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009;39(1):12–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Piva SR, Goodnite EA, Childs JD. Strength around the hip and flexibility of soft tissues in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35(12):793–801.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Cowan SM, Crossley KM, Bennell KL. Altered hip and trunk muscle function in individuals with patellofemoral pain. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(8):584–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Thijs Y, Pattyn E, Van Tiggelen D, Rombaut L, Witvrouw E. Is hip muscle weakness a predisposing factor for patellofemoral pain in female novice runners? A prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:1877–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Prins MR, van der Wurff P. Females with patellofemoral pain syndrome have weak hip muscles: a systematic review. Aust J Physiother. 2009;55(1):9–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Earl JE, Hoch AZ. A proximal strengthening program improves pain, function, and biomechanics in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:154–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Mascal CL, Landel R, Powers C. Management of patellofemoral pain targeting hip, pelvis, and trunk muscle function: 2 case reports. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:647–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Boling MC, Padua DA, Marshall SW, Guskiewicz K, Pyne S, Beutler A. A prospective investigation of biomechanical risk factors for patellofemoral pain syndrome. The joint undertaking to monitor and prevent ACL injury (JUMP-ACL) cohort. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37:2108–16.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Tyler TF, Nicholas SJ, Mullaney MJ, McHugh MP. The role of hip muscle function in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:630–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Fukuda TY, Rossetto FM, Magalhaes E, Bryk FF, Lucareli PR, De Almeida Carvalho NA. Short-term effects of hip abductors and lateral rotators strengthening in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40(11):736–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Nakagawa TH, Muniz TB, Baldon Rde M, Dias Maciel C, de Menezes Reiff RB, Serrao FV. The effect of additional strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Rehabil. 2008;22:1051–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Khayambashi K, Mohammadkhani Z, Ghaznavi K, Lyle MA, Powers CM. The Effects of isolated hip abductor and external rotator muscle strengthening on pain, health status, and hip strength in females with patellofemoral pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012;42(1):22–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Neumann DA. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system. St Louis: Mosby Inc; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Pollard CD, Sigward SM, Powers CM. Limited hip and knee flexion during landing is associated with increased frontal plane motion and moments. Clin Biomech. 2010;25:142–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Zhang SN, Bates BT, Dufek JS. Contributions of lower extremity joints to energy dissipation during landings. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:812–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Santa Monica Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Group, Santa Monica, CA, USA

    Michael T. Benke & Bert R. Mandelbaum

  2. Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Christopher M. Powers

Authors
  1. Michael T. Benke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christopher M. Powers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bert R. Mandelbaum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael T. Benke .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopaedic Arthroscopic Surgery, International (O.A.S.I.) Bioresearch Foundation, Gobbi N.P.O., Milan, Italy

    Alberto Gobbi

  2. Medical Centre of Excellence, Clínica do Dragão – Espregueira- Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA, Porto, Portugal

    João Espregueira-Mendes

  3. Department of Orthopaedics, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan

    Norimasa Nakamura

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 ISAKOS

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Benke, M.T., Powers, C.M., Mandelbaum, B.R. (2014). Prevention of Patellofemoral Injuries. In: Gobbi, A., Espregueira-Mendes, J., Nakamura, N. (eds) The Patellofemoral Joint. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54965-6_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54965-6_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54964-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54965-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation