Skip to main content

Treatment of Patellofemoral Disorders in Skeletally Immature Athlete

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Patellofemoral Joint

Abstract

Patellofemoral problems are frequently encountered in adolescents and may affect daily activities and even limit athletic activities [1]. The two most common forms of these problems are patellofemoral instability and patellofemoral pain syndrome. Success in treatment program depends on a precise understanding of the origin or underlying cause of the patellofemoral problem. In this brief review, the current literature for treatment of immature and adolescent athletes with patellofemoral disorders were reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Frank JB, Jarit GJ, Bravman JT, Rosen JE. Lower extremity injuries in the skeletally immature athlete. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2007;15(6):356–66.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Aydogdu S. Management of patellofemoral problems in adolescents. In: Doral MN, editor. Sports injuries: prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Part XIV: pediatric sports injuries. Springer verlag; 2011. p. 1017–22. ISBN978-3-642-15629-8.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Barber Foss KD, Myer GD, Chen SS, Hewett TE. Expected prevalence from the differential diagnosis of anterior knee pain in adolescent female athletes during preparticipation screening. J Athl Train. 2012;47(5):519–24.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Steinberg N, Siev-Ner I, Peleg S, Dar G, Masharawi Y, Zeev A, Hershkovitz I. Joint range of motion and patellofemoral pain in dancers. Int J Sports Med. 2012;33(7):561–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kaya D, Doral MN. Is there any relationship between Q-angle and lower extremity malalignment? Is there any relationship between Q-angle and lower extremity malalignment? Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2012;46(6):416–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kaya D, Atay OA, Callaghan MJ, Cil A, Cağlar O, Citaker S, Yuksel I, Doral MN. Hallux valgus in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009;17(11):1364–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Noehren B, Pohl MB, Sanchez Z, Cunningham T, Lattermann C. Proximal and distal kinematics in female runners with patellofemoral pain. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2012;27(4):366–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Nelitz M, Theile M, Dornacher D, Wölfle J, Reichel H, Lippacher S. Analysis of failed surgery for patellar instability in children with open growth plates. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(5):822–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Pattyn E, Mahieu N, Selfe J, Verdonk P, Steyaert A, Witvrouw E. What predicts functional outcome after treatment for patellofemoral pain? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(10):1827–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Saxena A, Haddad J. The effect of foot orthoses on patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2003;93(4):264–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Barber Foss KD, Hornsby M, Edwards NM, Myer GD, Hewett TE. Is body composition associated with an increased risk of developing anterior knee pain in adolescent female athletes? Phys Sportsmed. 2012;40(1):13–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lewallen LW, McIntosh AL, Dahm DL. Predictors of recurrent instability after acute patellofemoral dislocation in pediatric and adolescent patients. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(3):575–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hinton RY, Sharma KM. Acute and recurrent patellar instability in the young athlete. Orthop Clin North Am. 2003;34(3):385–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Vavken P, Wimmer MD, Camathias C, Quidde J, Valderrabano V, Pagenstert G. Treating patella instability in skeletally immature patients. Arthroscopy. 2013;29(8):1410–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Apostolovic M, Vukomanovic B, Slavkovic N, Vuckovic V, Vukcevic M, Djuricic G, Kocev N. Acute patellar dislocation in adolescents: operative versus nonoperative treatment. Int Orthop. 2011;35(10):1483–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Camanho GL, Viegas Ade C, Bitar AC, Demange MK, Hernandez AJ. Conservative versus surgical treatment for repair of the medial patellofemoral ligament in acute dislocations of the patella. Arthroscopy. 2009;25(6):620–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Beran MC, Samora WP, Klingele KE. Weight-bearing osteochondral lesions of the lateral femoral condyle following patellar dislocation in adolescent athletes. Orthopedics. 2012;35(7):e1033–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Fithian DC, Paxton EW, Stone ML, Silva P, Davis DK, Elias DA, White LM. Epidemiology and natural history of acute patellar dislocation. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(5):1114–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Nelitz M, Dreyhaupt J, Reichel H, Woelfle J, Lippacher S. Anatomic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament in children and adolescents with open growth plates: surgical technique and clinical outcome. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(1):58–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Panni AS, Vasso M, Cerciello S. Acute patellar dislocation. What to do? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(2):275–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Felus J, Kowalczyk B. Age-related differences in medial patellofemoral ligament injury patterns in traumatic patellar dislocation: case series of 50 surgically treated children and adolescents. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(10):2357–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Putney SA, Smith CS, Neal KM. The location of medial patellofemoral ligament injury in adolescents and children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(3):241–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Seeley M, Bowman KF, Walsh C, Sabb BJ, Vanderhave KL. Magnetic resonance imaging of acute patellar dislocation in children: patterns of injury and risk factors for recurrence. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(2):145–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hennrikus W, Pylawka T. Patellofemoral instability in skeletally immature athletes. Instr Course Lect. 2013;62:445–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Wagner D, Pfalzer F, Hingelbaum S, Huth J, Mauch F, Bauer G. The influence of risk factors on clinical outcomes following anatomical medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using the gracilis tendon. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(2):318–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Aulisa AG, Falciglia F, Giordano M, Savignoni P, Guzzanti V. Galeazzi’s modified technique for recurrent patella dislocation in skeletally immature patients. J Orthop Sci. 2012;17(2):148–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Grannatt K, Heyworth BE, Ogunwole O, Micheli LJ, Kocher MS. Galeazzi semitendinosus tenodesis for patellofemoral instability in skeletally immature patients. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(6):621–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kumahashi N, Kuwata S, Tadenuma T, Kadowaki M, Uchio Y. A “sandwich” method of reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using a titanium interference screw for patellar instability in skeletally immature patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012;132(8):1077–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Yercan HS, Erkan S, Okcu G, Ozalp RT. A novel technique for reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament in skeletally immature patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011;131(8):1059–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Giordano M, Falciglia F, Aulisa AG, Guzzanti V. Patellar dislocation in skeletally immature patients: semitendinosous and gracilis augmentation for combined medial patellofemoral and medial patellotibial ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(8):1594–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Wang JL, Li HP, Liu YJ, Wang N, Li ZL, Wang ZG, Wei M. Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament with a suture-tie technique of patellar side fixation. Chin Med J (Engl). 2012;125(11):1884–8.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ma LF, Wang CH, Chen BC, Zhang F, Zhou JW, Dong JT, Wang F. Medial patellar retinaculum plasty versus medial capsule reefing for patellar dislocation in children and adolescents. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012;132(12):1773–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Albuquerque RF, Pacheco AP, Hernandez AJ, Amatuzzi MM, Pécora JR, Kokron AE. Appraisal of surgical treatment of 47 cases of patellofemoral instability. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 2002;57(3):103–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Howells NR, Eldridge JD. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for patellar instability in patients with hypermobility: a case control study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94(12):1655–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Howells NR, Barnett AJ, Ahearn N, Ansari A, Eldridge JD. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: a prospective outcome assessment of a large single centre series. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94(9):1202–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Doral MN, Tetik O, Atay OA, Leblebicioğlu G, Aydoğ T, Akarcali I, Kaya D. Patellar instability: arthroscopic surgery, indications and techniques. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2004;38 Suppl 1:119–26. Review. Turkish.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahmut Nedim Doral .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 ISAKOS

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Doral, M.N., Turhan, E., Dönmez, G., Kaya, D., Espregueira-Mendes, J., Gobbi, A. (2014). Treatment of Patellofemoral Disorders in Skeletally Immature Athlete. In: Gobbi, A., Espregueira-Mendes, J., Nakamura, N. (eds) The Patellofemoral Joint. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54965-6_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54965-6_26

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54964-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54965-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics