Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Middle Kingdom

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ancient Egyptian Beads

  • 976 Accesses

Abstract

After the rise of the Theban princes, Egyptian people enjoyed another period of prosperity. The Middle Kingdom was one of very great splendour for the Egyptian civilization. It was especially excellent in literature, art and crafts, including the bead manufacture. For the refinement of taste and the exquisiteness of work, it was never exceeded in Egyptian history. The treasures from Dahshur and from Lahun show adequately that it was a great period of jewelry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Brunton, QauII, p. 16.

  2. 2.

    Petrie, Diospolis Parva. p. 42, sect. 62.

  3. 3.

    Ibid., p. 44, sect. 64, from Tomb G6.

  4. 4.

    Reisner, Kerma IV, pp. 106–107; Quartzite beads reported also in Garstang, Bruial customs, p. 110, fig. 100.

  5. 5.

    Carter and Carnarvon, Five years’ Expeditions, pp. 7, 55, 59, 60.

  6. 6.

    Garstang, Burial Customs, p. 110.

  7. 7.

    Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi, p. 67.

  8. 8.

    Mace and Winlock, Op. cit. p. 73, and Firth, Teti Pyramid Cemeteries, pp. 51, 54.

  9. 9.

    Carter and Carnarvon, Five Years’ Expeditions, p. 60.

  10. 10.

    Reisner, Kerma IV, p. 109.

  11. 11.

    Winlock’s report in B. M. M. A.. vol. xvi (1921), p. 52, figs. 29–30; referred to in Brunton, Qua II, p. 21.

  12. 12.

    Mond and Myers, Armant I, p. 94.

  13. 13.

    Peet, Cemeteries of Abydos III, p. 26.

  14. 14.

    Ibid., vol. II, p. 48, vol. III, p. 24.

  15. 15.

    Beck, Glass Before 1500 B.C. in A. E. 1934, June; pp. 14–16, nos. 17, 18, 22.

  16. 16.

    Eond and Myers, Armant I, p. 72. I have examined these glass from Armant in the Ashmolean Museam, and am convinced that they are certainly modern “ Venetian” glass.

  17. 17.

    Petrie, Diospolis Parva, p. 42, sect. 62; and Peet, Cemeteries of Abydos II, p. 46.

  18. 18.

    Peet, Cemeteries of Abydos II, p. 46, pl. ix, figs. 6, 8; and vol. III, p. 28.

  19. 19.

    Carter and Carnarvon, Five Years’Expedition, pp. 5, 7, 55; pls I i, 2; xIv, 2.

  20. 20.

    Reisner, Kerma IV. p. 127; and de Morgen, Dahebour II, pl. viii.

  21. 21.

    Brunton, Mostagedda, pp. 113–114, from Tomb10114.

  22. 22.

    De morgan, Dahehour II, pls. vii–viii, now in the Cairo Museum nos. S74, S76.

  23. 23.

    Cairo Museum, J66511–66513, 66534, 66552–66556; cf. la Roque Tôd, pp. 119–120.

  24. 24.

    Reisner, Kerma IV p. 93.

  25. 25.

    Ibid., pp. 49, 50, 53.

  26. 26.

    Ibid., p. 118, called as “corrugated ball-beads” by Reisner.

  27. 27.

    Jewelry from Dahshur, now in the Cairo Museum, nos. “1–4, S33, S65, S72 and S75; Engelbach, Harageh, corpus nos. 70h, 70i; Peet, Cemeteries of Abydos III, p. 28, pl. viii, fig. 14; Firth Teti Pyramid Cemetery, p. 59, fig. 68; and Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi, p. 60, pls. xxii-xxiii, p. 67, pl. xxivB.

  28. 28.

    Jewelry from Dahshur, now in the Cairo Museum, nos. S73, S82, S79, J3985 and Cat. 52865.

  29. 29.

    Reisner, Kerma IV, pp. 282–283.

  30. 30.

    Petrie, Objects of Daily Use, p. 2.

  31. 31.

    Petrie, Diospolis Parva, p. 42.

  32. 32.

    Both of the beads from el Bersha are now in the Cairo Museum J35073G; for the drop-shaped spacer, see Brunton, Lahun II, pl. Ixii, royal xii, e.

  33. 33.

    Engelbach, Harageh, pl.xv; and Petrie, Qurneh pp. 3–4, pl. viii, 28.

  34. 34.

    Engelbach, Harageh, corpus nos. 41F, 54L.

  35. 35.

    Petrie, Ehnasye, p. 4, pl. ixA, 3.

  36. 36.

    Junker, Kubanieh-sued, p. 186, no. 10.

  37. 37.

    Garstang, El Arabah, p. 5, pl. iii.

  38. 38.

    Mond and Myers, Armant I, p. 21, pl. xIii, 76.

  39. 39.

    Cairo Museum J47809, and also see Schaeffer, Priestgraeber, p. 61, fig. 89.

  40. 40.

    Cairo Museum J35 073G (A).

  41. 41.

    Firth Teti Pyramid Cemetery, pp. 51, 54; pl. 27c, 4; and Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi, p. 73, pl. xxvi.

  42. 42.

    Reisner, Kerma IV, pp. 94–106; cf. Quibell, El Kab, p. 15; Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi, pp. 60–75; De Morgan, Dahchour I, pp. 99–100, pl. xxiii; Dahchour II, pp. 48, 53, 58, 74, pl. viii; and Brunton, Lahun I, pp. 14–15, pl. xiii etc.

  43. 43.

    Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi, pp. 10, 69, pls. xxvii, xxxic.

  44. 44.

    Complete whips have been found in several graves; see Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi, pp. 15–16, 101, pls. xxx–xxxi; Morgan, Dahchour I, pp. 98, III, pl. xxxix; Dahchour II, p. 54; Gautier and Jequier, Fouilles de Licht p. 78; Engelbach, Riqqeh and Memphis VI, p. 19, pl. xxii, 8.

  45. 45.

    Cairo Museum, S166, S167, and another from the Tomb of Prince Horus, J3985.

  46. 46.

    Petrie, Objects of Daily Use, p. 59, pl. Ii, 379–382: Garstang, Burial Customs, p. 152, fig. 150; Petrie, Kahun, Gurob and Hawara p. 30, and also B. M. A. A. vol. xxvii, p. 56.

  47. 47.

    Garstang, Bruial Customs, p. 113, fig. 104.

  48. 48.

    Cairo Museum, Exhibition No. 3995; and see also Brunton, Lahun I.

  49. 49.

    Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi, pp. 57–58.

  50. 50.

    Ibid. pp. 66–88; Garstang, Burial Customs, p. 112, fig. 101; De Teti Pyramid Cemetery, pp. 51, 54, 55, pl. 34A, 34B, 27c, 32c; Naville, Deir el Bahari, p. 44, pl. x.

  51. 51.

    Reisner, Kerma IV, p. 98.

  52. 52.

    Garstang, El Arabah, p. 4, pl. I; and Brunton, Monstagedda, pp. 113–114, from Tomb 733.

  53. 53.

    Brunton, Mostagedda, pp. 113–114, from Tomb 1719, and Brunton Qau III, p. 3.

  54. 54.

    Reisner, Kerma IV, p. 98.

  55. 55.

    Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi, pp. 60–61, pls. xxii–xxiii, and also p. 63.

  56. 56.

    Reisner, Kerma IV, p. 100, pl. 42, fig. 2.

  57. 57.

    Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi, pp. 68–69, pls. xxii–xxiii.

  58. 58.

    Ibid., p. 69, pls. xxvii and xxxic; and another one from Deir el Bersha, now in the Cairo Museum, J35073G(G).

  59. 59.

    Reisner, Kerma IV, pp. 96–97, pl. 42, fig. 2.

  60. 60.

    Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi, pp. 72–73, and similar ones from Dahchour, see de Morgan, Dahchour I, p. 99; Dahchour II, p. 48.

  61. 61.

    Reisner, Kerma IV, pp. 103–104, fig. 170; pp. 105, 106, fig. 171.

  62. 62.

    Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi; pp. 15–16, pls.xxx–xxxi.

  63. 63.

    Reisner, Kerma IV, p. 127.

  64. 64.

    Junker, Kubanieh-sued, p. 187.

  65. 65.

    Firth, Teti Pyramid Cemetery; pp. 59–60; and B. M. M. A.. vol. xvi, p. 52.

  66. 66.

    Mace and Winlock, Tomb of Senebtisi, p. 75.

  67. 67.

    Reisner, Kerma IV, pp. 100–104.

  68. 68.

    Ibid., p. 300.

  69. 69.

    G. Jequier, Les frises d’objets des sarcophages du Moyen Empire, pp. 49–68, 73–75, 97–111, 187–1971.

  70. 70.

    Beck, Etched Carnelian Beads, in A.J. vol. xiii(1933), p. 395. This specimen (Cairo Museum 14/5/26/4) is not a scarab, but a barrel-bead with a lenticular section, and the royal name etched on it is not so clearly written as implied in Beck’s statement (which is based upon the poorly drawn picture given in Petrie’s Historical Scarabs), and may belong to a Pharoah of other dynasty. .

  71. 71.

    Petrie, The tomb of Courtiers, p. 10, sect. 20.

  72. 72.

    Woolley, Ur Excavations II, p. 374; Mackay, “A” Cemeteries at Kish, pt. I, p. 56. pl. iv, fig. 30; and Mackay, A Sumerian Palace etc., pl. xIiii, fig. 9, pl. Ix, figs. 54–58. .

  73. 73.

    Marshall, Mohenjo-daro, vol. I, pp. 104–105; vol. II, pp. 515–516, pl. cxIvi, 43–45.

  74. 74.

    A. H. Sayce, The Date of Middle Kingdom, in A.E., 1921, pp. 102–103; for the date of this form of vases, see also Petrie, Stone Vases, pls. xxviii, 584, 589; xxix, 617, 621.

  75. 75.

    Pinches and Newberry, A Cylinder-seal etc., in J. E. A. vol. vii, (1921), pp. 190–199, pl. xxxii, for Sayce’ remark, see J. E. A. vol. viii, p. 285.

  76. 76.

    Wolley, Ur Excavations II, p. 369, fig. 78; pls. 144–145.

  77. 77.

    Ia Roque, Tôd (1934 a 1936), pp. 119–121.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

    Nai Xia

Authors
  1. Nai Xia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nai Xia .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Social Sciences Academic Press(China) and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Xia, N. (2014). The Middle Kingdom. In: Ancient Egyptian Beads. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54868-0_19

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation