Abstract
The transition from a reducing to an oxidising chemistry in the atmosphere and oceans paved the way for the diversification of life. Oxygen expanded metabolic and biochemical capacities of organisms. Over the incipient stages of evolution of oxidative metabolism, organisms also needed to develop mechanisms to mitigate the toxic effects of oxygen derivatives, such as free radicals and non-radical reactive species. This chapter provides a general historical background, with definitions and information of free radicals, antioxidants and oxidative stress. This chapter also examines how mild doses of stress can have stimulatory effects on organismal performance through hormetic mechanisms and that this may significantly relate to evolutionary fitness and to the ecology of species. Finally, the chapter explains the concept of life-history trade-offs and highlights how the need to manage oxidative stress in an optimal way may be an important mechanism driving the outcome of many of these trade-offs.
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Costantini, D. (2014). Historical and Contemporary Issues of Oxidative Stress, Hormesis and Life-History Evolution. In: Oxidative Stress and Hormesis in Evolutionary Ecology and Physiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54663-1_1
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