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CO2 Capture via Cyclic Calcination and Carbonation Reactions

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Porous Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture

Part of the book series: Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology ((GCST))

Abstract

The reversible carbonation and calcination reactions of, respectively, CaO and CaCO3 have very promising CO2 capture characteristics with regard to CO2 capture costs, theoretical CO2 uptake per gram of sorbent and material availability. However, CaO derived from naturally occurring Ca-based materials, predominantly limestone, shows a rapid decrease in its CO2 capture capacity with number of carbonation/calcination cycles. The loss of the CO2 capture capacity of unsupported CaO has been attributed to dramatic changes in the material’s morphology due to sintering and pore blockage. However, since the molar volume of CaCO3 is more than twice as large as that of CaO, accessible pore volume in pores of diameter <100 nm is critical to yield high CO2 uptakes. In this chapter, we review the fundamentals of the carbonation and calcination reaction, with a particular focus on the morphology of CaO and changes thereof. Furthermore, a detailed overview over kinetic models to describe the carbonation and calcination reaction is provided, followed by a critical review of the effect of typical flue gas impurities such as H2O and SO2 on the CO2 capture characteristics of CaO. We conclude the chapter with a presentation of recent advances in the development of synthetic CaO-based CO2 sorbents which substantially exceed the cyclic CO2 capture capacity of limestone.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) for partial financial support (Project: 200021_135457/1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 27, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland

    Marcin Broda & Christoph R. Müller

  2. Air Products and Chemicals, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

    Roberta Pacciani

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  1. Marcin Broda
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  2. Roberta Pacciani
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  3. Christoph R. Müller
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Correspondence to Christoph R. Müller .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian, China

    An-Hui Lu

  2. Chemical Sci. Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

    Sheng Dai

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Broda, M., Pacciani, R., Müller, C.R. (2014). CO2 Capture via Cyclic Calcination and Carbonation Reactions. In: Lu, AH., Dai, S. (eds) Porous Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture. Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54646-4_6

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