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Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

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Practical Gas Chromatography

Abstract

This chapter provides a basic introduction to the technical and practical basics of coupling gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and it will touch on major applications where GC-MS techniques are essential parts of analytical protocols. GC-MS instrumentation is discussed, with a focus on MS in terms of the strengths and weaknesses of particular techniques. Appropriate examples illustrating the preferred application fields of GC-MS(-MS) complement the description of different ionization techniques, mass analyzing modes, data processing, and interpretation of mass spectra. Practical tips may facilitate access to GC-MS for routine analysis, and the latest trends in instrumental development are touched on.

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Abbreviations

ASA:

Accelerated solvent extraction

AT%:

Atom percentage

BSTFA:

Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide

CI:

Chemical ionization

CSIA:

Compound-specific isotope analysis

ECD:

Electron capture detector

EI:

Electron ionization

F:

Fragment ion

FID:

Flame ionization detector

FT-ICR:

Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

GC×GC:

Comprehensive gas chromatography

HIS:

Hyperthermal surface ionization

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

ICP-MS:

Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometer

ID:

Internal diameter

IP:

Ionization potential

IR-MS:

Isotope ratio-mass spectrometry

ITD:

Ion trap detector

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

M+• :

Molecular ion

MRM:

Multiple reaction monitoring

MS-MS:

Tandem mass spectrometry

N:

Neutral

NCI:

Negative chemical ionization

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PAH:

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons

PCB:

Polyhalogenated biphenyl

PCDD/F:

Polyhalogenated dibenzodioxins and furanes

PCI:

Positive chemical ionization

PTR:

Protein transfer reaction

Q-IT:

Quadrupole-ion trap

QqQ:

Triple-stage quadrupole

RF:

Radio frequency

SIM:

Selected ion monitoring

SMB:

Supersonic molecular beam

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

TIC:

Total ion current

TMAH:

Tetramethylannilinium hydroxide

TMS:

Trimethylsilyl

ToF-MS:

Time-of-flight mass spectromet(ry)er

WADA:

World Anti-Doping Agency

u:

Mass unit

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany

    Monika Moeder

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  1. Monika Moeder
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Correspondence to Monika Moeder .

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  1. Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Katja Dettmer-Wilde

  2. Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Werner Engewald

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Moeder, M. (2014). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. In: Dettmer-Wilde, K., Engewald, W. (eds) Practical Gas Chromatography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54640-2_9

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