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Solvent-Free Extraction and Injection Techniques

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Practical Gas Chromatography

Abstract

Static headspace as well as purge and trap are still widely in use for the analysis of volatile organic compounds. Since around 20 years, different types of microextraction techniques have been developed, which either require a strongly reduced amount of solvent or are completely solventless. In this chapter, we will focus on the solventless techniques, which can be combined with GC via injection or thermal desorption. In the first part a short overview of recent developments in solvent-free techniques such as headspace, purge and trap as well as microextraction techniques is given. The second part provides the theoretical background of the techniques with additional practical hints for their application.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany

    Maik A. Jochmann, Jens Laaks & Torsten C. Schmidt

  2. IWW Water Centre, Moritzstr. 26, 45476, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany

    Torsten C. Schmidt

Authors
  1. Maik A. Jochmann
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  2. Jens Laaks
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  3. Torsten C. Schmidt
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maik A. Jochmann .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Katja Dettmer-Wilde

  2. Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Werner Engewald

Glossary of Acronyms in Extraction and Injection

Glossary of Acronyms in Extraction and Injection

ASPDE:

Accelerated solid-phase dynamic extraction

CME:

Capillary microextraction

DAI:

Direct aqueous injection

DI:

Direct immersion

DTD:

Direct thermal desorption

ESD:

Equilibrium sampling device

GPE:

Gum-phase extraction

HS:

Headspace

HSSE:

Headspace sorptive extraction

INCAT:

Inside needle capillary adsorption trap

In-tube SPME/ITSPME:

In-tube solid-phase microextraction

ITE:

In-tube extraction

ITEX:

In-tube extraction device

LLE:

Liquid–liquid extraction

LVI:

Large volume injection

Micro-SPE:

Micro solid-phase extraction

NT:

Needle trap

OTME:

Open-tubular microextraction

OTT:

Open-tubular trapping

P&T:

Purge and trap

SBSE:

Stir-bar sorptive extraction

S-HS:

Static headspace

SPDE:

Solid-phase dynamic extraction

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

SPME:

Solid-phase microextraction

SR:

Silicone rod

ST:

Silicone tube

TD:

Thermal desorption

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Jochmann, M.A., Laaks, J., Schmidt, T.C. (2014). Solvent-Free Extraction and Injection Techniques. In: Dettmer-Wilde, K., Engewald, W. (eds) Practical Gas Chromatography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54640-2_11

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