Skip to main content
Book cover

Specification, Algebra, and Software pp 402–433Cite as

Partially Ordered Knowledge Sharing and Fractionated Systems in the Context of other Models for Distributed Computing

  • Chapter

Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNTCS,volume 8373)

Abstract

The latest sensor, actuator, and wireless communication technologies make it feasible to build systems that can operate in challenging environments, but we argue in this paper that the foundations needed to support the design of such systems are not well developed. Traditional models based on strong computing primitives, such as atomic transactions, should be replaced by weaker models such as the partially ordered knowledge sharing model, which we motivate in this paper and put into context of existing research. We also introduce a general probabilistic semantics for our model and the flavor of its specialization to characterize fractionated systems, an interesting class of systems with a potentially large number of redundantly operating components that can be programmed independently of the actual number that is deployed or operational at runtime.

Keywords

  • Shared Memory
  • Fractionate System
  • Distribute Hash Table
  • Tuple Space
  • Distribute Shared Memory

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54624-2_20
  • Chapter length: 32 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-642-54624-2
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Acosta-Elías, J., Luna-Rivera, J.M., Recio-Lara, M., Gutiérrez-Navarro, O., Pineda-Reyes, B.: Topology-sensitive epidemic algorithm for information spreading in large-scale systems. In: Guo, M., Yang, L.T., Di Martino, B., Zima, H.P., Dongarra, J., Tang, F. (eds.) ISPA 2006. LNCS, vol. 4330, pp. 439–450. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  2. Agha, G.: Actors: a model of concurrent computation in distributed systems. MIT Press, Cambridge (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Amir, Y.: Overtaken by events. In: Personnal Communication (April 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Amir, Y., Danilov, C., Goose, S., Hedqvist, D., Terzis, A.: 1-800-overlays: using overlay networks to improve VoIP quality. In: NOSSDAV 2005: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, pp. 51–56. ACM, New York (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Androutsellis-Theotokis, S., Spinellis, D.: A survey of peer-to-peer content distribution technologies. ACM Comput. Surv. 36(4), 335–371 (2004)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  6. Angluin, D.: Local and global properties in networks of processors (extended abstract). In: STOC 1980: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 82–93. ACM, New York (1980)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  7. Angluin, D., Aspnes, J., Fischer, M.J., Jiang, H.: Self-stabilizing population protocols. ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst. 3(4), 1–28 (2008)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  8. Arora, A., Gouda, M.: Closure and convergence: A foundation of fault-tolerant computing. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 19, 1015–1027 (1993)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  9. Arora, A., Gouda, M., Varghese, G.: Constraint satisfaction as a basis for designing nonmasking fault-tolerance. J. High Speed Netw. 5(3), 293–306 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Attiya, H., Welch, J.: Distributed Computing: Fundamentals, Simulations, and Advanced Topics. Wiley-Interscience (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Aysal, T.C., Yildiz, M.E., Sarwate, A.D., Scaglione, A.: Broadcast gossip algorithms for consensus. Trans. Sig. Proc. 57(7), 2748–2761 (2009)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Babaoglu, O., Canright, G., Deutsch, A., Caro, G.D., Ducatelle, F., Gambardella, L., Ganguly, N., Jelasity, M., Montemanni, R.: Design patterns from biology for distributed computing. ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems 1, 26–66 (2006)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  13. Bal, H.E., Tanenbaum, A.S.: Distributed programming with shared data. Comput. Lang. 16(2), 129–146 (1991)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  14. Balakrishnan, H., Kaashoek, M.F., Karger, D., Morris, R., Stoica, I.: Looking up data in p2p systems. Commun. ACM 46(2), 43–48 (2003)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  15. Bessler, S., Fischer, A., Kḧn, E., Mordinyi, R., Tomic, S.: Using tuple-spaces to manage the storage and dissemination of spatial-temporal content. Journal of Computer and System Sciences (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Birman, K.: The promise, and limitations, of gossip protocols. SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev. 41(5), 8–13 (2007)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  17. Birman, K.P., Hayden, M., Ozkasap, O., Xiao, Z., Budiu, M., Minsky, Y.: Bimodal multicast. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 17(2), 41–88 (1999)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  18. Bisiani, R., Forin, A.: Multilanguage parallel programming of heterogeneous machines. IEEE Trans. Comput. 37(8), 930–945 (1988)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  19. Boldi, P., Vigna, S.: Self-stabilizing universal algorithms. In: Self–Stabilizing Systems (Proc. of the 3rd Workshop on Self–Stabilizing Systems), pp. 141–156. Carleton University Press (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bruni, R., Montanari, U.: Concurrent models for linda with transactions. Mathematical. Structures in Comp. Sci. 14(3), 421–468 (2004)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Busnel, Y., Bertier, M., Kermarrec, A.-M.: Bridging the Gap between Population and Gossip-based Protocols. Research Report RR-6720, INRIA (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cerf, V., Burleigh, S., Hooke, A., Torgerson, L., Durst, R., Scott, K., Travis, E., Weiss, H.: Status of this memo interplanetary internet (ipn): Architectural definition, Internet Draft (May 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Chandy, K.M.: Parallel program design: a foundation. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co. Inc. (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Christensen, S., Hansen, N.D.: Coloured petri nets extended with place capacities, test arcs and inhibitor arcs. In: Ajmone Marsan, M. (ed.) ICATPN 1993. LNCS, vol. 691, pp. 186–205. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  25. Cole, R., Zajicek, O.: The APRAM: incorporating asynchrony into the PRAM model. In: SPAA 1989: Proceedings of the First Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, pp. 169–178. ACM (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Cole, R., Zajicek, O.: The expected advantage of asynchrony. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 51(2), 286–300 (1995)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Corkill, D.D.: Design alternatives for parallel and distributed blackboard systems. In: Jagannathan, V., Dodhiawala, R., Baum, L.S. (eds.) Blackboard Architectures and Applications, pp. 99–136. Academic Press (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Demers, A., Greene, D., Hauser, C., Irish, W., Larson, J., Shenker, S., Sturgis, H., Swinehart, D., Terry, D.: Epidemic algorithms for replicated database maintenance. In: PODC 1987: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pp. 1–12. ACM, New York (1987)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  29. Devismes, S., Tixeuil, S., Yamashita, M.: Weak vs. self vs. probabilistic stabilization. In: ICDCS 2008: Proceedings of the 2008 The 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 681–688. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Dijkstra, E.W.: Self-stabilizing systems in spite of distributed control. Commun. ACM 17(11), 643–644 (1974)

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Dolev, S.: Self-stabilization. MIT Press, Cambridge (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Dolev, S., Tzachar, N.: Empire of colonies: Self-stabilizing and self-organizing distributed algorithm. Theor. Comput. Sci. 410(6-7), 514–532 (2009)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Engelmore, R.S., Morgan, A. (eds.): Blackboard Systems. Addison-Wesley (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Ensor, J.R., Gabbe, J.D.: Transactional blackboards. In: IJCAI 1985: Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 340–344. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Eskicioglu, M.R.: A comprehensive bibliography of distributed shared memory. SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev. 30(1), 71–96 (1996)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  36. R. K et al.: The spindle disruption tolerant networking system. In: Proceedings of IEEE Military Communications Conference (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Eugster, P., Felber, P., Le Fessant, F.: The “art” of programming gossip-based systems. SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev. 41(5), 37–42 (2007)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  38. Eugster, P.T., Guerraoui, R., Kermarrec, A.M., Massouli, L.: From epidemics to distributed computing. IEEE Computer 37, 60–67 (2004)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  39. Fall, K.: A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets. In: SIGCOMM 2003: Proceedings of the 2003 Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications, pp. 27–34. ACM (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Farrell, S., Cahill, V.: Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Networking. Artech House, Inc., Norwood (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Fernandess, Y., Fernández, A., Monod, M.: A generic theoretical framework for modeling gossip-based algorithms. SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev. 41(5), 19–27 (2007)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  42. Fich, F., Ruppert, E.: Hundreds of impossibility results for distributed computing. Distrib. Comput. 16(2-3), 121–163 (2003)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  43. Fischer, M.J., Lynch, N.A., Paterson, M.S.: Impossibility of distributed consensus with one faulty process. J. ACM 32(2), 374–382 (1985)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. Frommer, A., Szyld, D.B.: On asynchronous iterations. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 123(1-2), 201–216 (2000)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  45. Gibbons, P.B.: A more practical PRAM model. In: SPAA 1989: Proceedings of the First Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, pp. 158–168. ACM (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Girard, J.-Y.: Linear logic. Theor. Comput. Sci. 50, 1–102 (1987)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  47. Golding, R.A., Long, D.D.E.: The performance of weak-consistency replication protocols. Technical Report UCSC-CRL-92-30, Santa Cruz, CA, USA (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Gouda, M.G., Multari, N.J.: Stabilizing communication protocols. IEEE Trans. Comput. 40(4), 448–458 (1991)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  49. Guerraoui, R., Olivera, R., Schiper, A.: Stubborn communication channels. Technical report, LSE, D’epartement d’Informatique, Ecole Polytechnique F’ed’erale de (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Gupta, I., Renesse, R.V., Birman, K.P.: A probabilistically correct leader election protocol for large groups. In: Herlihy, M.P. (ed.) DISC 2000. LNCS, vol. 1914, pp. 89–103. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  51. Halpern, J.Y., Moses, Y.: Knowledge and common knowledge in a distributed environment. Journal of the ACM 37, 549–587 (1984)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  52. Heer, T., Gotz, S., Rieche, S., Wehrle, K.: Adapting distributed hash tables for mobile ad hoc networks. In: PERCOMW 2006: Proceedings of the 4th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, p. 173. IEEE Computer Society (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Herlihy, M.: Impossibility results for asynchronous PRAM (extended abstract). In: SPAA 1991: Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, pp. 327–336. ACM, New York (1991)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  54. Herman, T.: Models of self-stabilization and sensor networks. In: Das, S.R., Das, S.K. (eds.) IWDC 2003. LNCS, vol. 2918, pp. 205–214. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  55. Howell, R.R., Nesterenko, M., Mizuno, M., Mizuno, M.: Finite-state self-stabilizing protocols in message-passing systems. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Self-Stabilizing Systems, pp. 62–69 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Itkis, G., Levin, L.: Fast and lean self-stabilizing asynchronous protocols. In: SFCS 1994: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, pp. 226–239. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Jacobson, V., Smetters, D.K., Thornton, J.D., Plass, M.F., Briggs, N.H., Braynard, R.L.: Networking named content. In: CoNEXT 2009: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, pp. 1–12. ACM (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Jelasity, M., Voulgaris, S., Guerraoui, R., Kermarrec, A.-M., van Steen, M.: Gossip-based peer sampling. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 25(3), 8 (2007)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  59. Kang, W., Kapitanova, K., Son, S.H.: RDDS: A real-time data distribution service for cyber-physical systems. IEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics 8(2), 393–405 (2012)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  60. Karp, R., Schindelhauer, C., Shenker, S., Vocking, B.: Randomized rumor spreading. In: FOCS 2000: Proceedings of the 41st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, p. 565. IEEE Computer Society (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Katz, S., Perry, K.: Self-stabilizing extensions for message-passing systems. In: PODC 1990: Proceedings of the Ninth Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pp. 91–101. ACM (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Kempe, D., Dobra, A., Gehrke, J.: Gossip-based computation of aggregate information. In: FOCS 2003: Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, p. 482. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Kempe, D., Kleinberg, J., Demers, A.: Spatial gossip and resource location protocols. In: STOC 2001: Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 163–172. ACM (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Kermarrec, A.-M., van Steen, M.: Gossiping in distributed systems. SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev. 41(5), 2–7 (2007)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  65. Kim, J., Kim, M., Stehr, M.-O., Oh, H., Ha, S.: A parallel and distributed meta-heuristic framework based on partially ordered knowledge sharing. ELSEVIER Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (JPDC) 72(4), 564–578 (2012)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  66. Kim, M., Stehr, M.-O., Talcott, C.: A distributed logic for networked cyber-physical systems. ELSEVIER Journal of Science of Computer Programming (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2013.01.011

  67. Klenke, A.: Probability Theory: A Comprehensive Course. Springer, London (2008)

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  68. Kulkarni, S.S., Arumugam, M.: Transformations for write-all-with-collision model. Comput. Commun. 29(2), 183–199 (2006)

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  69. Lahiri, B., Tirthapura, S.: Computing frequent elements using gossip. In: Shvartsman, A.A., Felber, P. (eds.) SIROCCO 2008. LNCS, vol. 5058, pp. 119–130. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  70. Lesser, V.R., Corkill, D.D.: Functionally accurate, cooperative distributed systems. In: Distributed Artificial Intelligence, pp. 295–310. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Lynch, N.A., Malkhi, D., Ratajczak, D.: Atomic data access in distributed hash tables. In: Druschel, P., Kaashoek, M.F., Rowstron, A. (eds.) IPTPS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2429, pp. 295–305. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  72. Meseguer, J.: Conditioned rewriting logic as a united model of concurrency. Theor. Comput. Sci. 96(1), 73–155 (1992)

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  73. auf der Heide, F.M., Scheideler, C., Stemann, V.: Exploiting storage redundancy to speed up randomized shared memory simulations. Theor. Comput. Sci. 162(2), 245–281 (1996)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  74. Misra, J.: A discipline of multiprogramming: programming theory for distributed applications. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Secaucus (2001)

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  75. Moser, L.E., Amir, Y., Melliar-Smith, P.M., Agarwal, D.A.: Extended virtual synchrony. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 14th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 56–65. IEEE Computer Society Press (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  76. Mosk-Aoyama, D., Shah, D.: Computing separable functions via gossip. In: PODC 2006: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pp. 113–122. ACM, New York (2006)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  77. Murphy, A.L., Picco, G.P., Roman, G.-C.: Lime: A coordination model and middleware supporting mobility of hosts and agents. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 15(3), 279–328 (2006)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  78. De Nicola, R., Ferrari, G., Loreti, M., Pugliese, R.: A language-based approach to autonomic computing. In: Beckert, B., Damiani, F., de Boer, F.S., Bonsangue, M.M. (eds.) FMCO 2011. LNCS, vol. 7542, pp. 25–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Panangaden, P.: Knowledge and information in probabilistic systems. In: van Breugel, F., Chechik, M. (eds.) CONCUR 2008. LNCS, vol. 5201, p. 4. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  80. Pereira, J., Oliveira, R., Rodrigues, L., Kermarrec, A.-M.: Probabilistic semantically reliable multicast. In: NCA 2001: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, p. 100. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2001)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  81. Pereira, J., Rodrigues, L., Oliveira, R.: Semantically reliable multicast: Definition, implementation, and performance evaluation. IEEE Trans. Comput. 52(2), 150–165 (2003)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  82. Petersen, K., Spreitzer, M.J., Terry, D.B., Theimer, M.M., Demers, A.J.: Flexible update propagation for weakly consistent replication. In: SOSP 1997: Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pp. 288–301. ACM (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Rao, J.R.: Extensions of the Unity Methodology: Compositionality, Fairness and Probability in Parallelism. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Secaucus (1995)

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  84. Ratnasamy, S., Stoica, I., Shenker, S.: Routing algorithms for dhts: Some open questions. In: Druschel, P., Kaashoek, M.F., Rowstron, A. (eds.) IPTPS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2429, pp. 45–52. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  85. Reisig, W.: Elements of distributed algorithms: modeling and analysis with Petri nets. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  86. Schneider, M.: Self-stabilization. ACM Comput. Surv. 25(1), 45–67 (1993)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  87. Stehr, M.-O., Kim, M., Talcott, C.: Toward distributed declarative control of networked cyber-physical systems. In: Proc. of the 7th Intl. Conf. on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing (to appear). Full version available http://www.csl.sri.com/~stehr/CPS/cpslogic.pdf

  88. Stehr, M.-O., Talcott, C.: Planning and learning algorithms for routing in disruption-tolerant networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Military Communications Conference (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Temkow, B., Bosneag, A.-M., Li, X., Brockmeyer, M.: PaxonDHT: Achieving consensus in distributed hash tables. In: SAINT 2006: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications on Internet, pp. 236–244. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  90. Turau, V., Weyer, C.: Fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks through self-stabilisation. Int. J. Commun. Netw. Distrib. Syst. 2(1), 78–98 (2009)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  91. Van Renesse, R., Birman, K.P., Vogels, W.: Astrolabe: A robust and scalable technology for distributed system monitoring, management, and data mining. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 21(2), 164–206 (2003)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  92. van Renesse, R., Dumitriu, D., Gough, V., Thomas, C.: Efficient reconciliation and flow control for anti-entropy protocols. In: LADIS 2008: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Large-Scale Distributed Systems and Middleware, pp. 1–7. ACM (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  93. Varghese, G.: Self-stabilization by counter flushing. In: PODC 1994: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pp. 244–253. ACM (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  94. Vogler, W.: Partial order semantics and read arcs. Theor. Comput. Sci. 286(1), 33–63 (2002)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  95. Völzer, H.: Fairneß, Randomisierung und Konspiration in verteilten Algorithmen. PhD thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  96. Wood, S., Mathewson, J., Joy, J., Stehr, M.-O., Kim, M., Gehani, A., Gerla, M., Sadjadpour, H., Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.: ICEMAN: A system for efficient, robust and secure situational awareness at the network edge. In: Proceedings of IEEE Military Communications Conference (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  97. Zhang, Z., Zhang, Q.: Delay-/disruption tolerant mobile ad hoc networks: latest developments: Research articles. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 7(10), 1219–1232 (2007)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  98. Zhao, W., Ammar, M.H.: Message ferrying: Proactive routing in highly-partitioned wireless ad hoc networks. In: FTDCS 2003: Proceedings of the The Ninth IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems, p. 308. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2003)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  99. Zhao, W., Chen, Y., Ammar, M., Corner, M., Levine, B., Zegura, E.: Capacity enhancement using throwboxes in dtns. In: Proc. IEEE Intl Conf on Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), pp. 31–40 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. SRI International, USA

    Mark-Oliver Stehr, Minyoung Kim & Carolyn Talcott

Authors
  1. Mark-Oliver Stehr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Minyoung Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carolyn Talcott
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Network and Information, Senshu University, 2-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, 214-8580, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan

    Shusaku Iida

  2. Department of Computer Science, Thomas M. Siebel Center for Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), 201 N. Goodwin Avenue, MC 258, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA

    José Meseguer

  3. School of Information Science, Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, 923-1292, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan

    Kazuhiro Ogata

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stehr, MO., Kim, M., Talcott, C. (2014). Partially Ordered Knowledge Sharing and Fractionated Systems in the Context of other Models for Distributed Computing. In: Iida, S., Meseguer, J., Ogata, K. (eds) Specification, Algebra, and Software. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8373. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54624-2_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54624-2_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54623-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54624-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)