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Clinical Strategies in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy pp 65–121Cite as

Diabetic Macular Edema

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Abstract

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of visual deterioration in patients affected by diabetes mellitus. Grid and focal laser photocoagulation, according to the ETDRS recommendations, have been considered the mainstay treatment for a long time. With the advent of the new intravitreal pharmacotherapies, such as anti-vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) agents and steroids, a new scenario has been opened in the management of this complex disease. The main advantage of the intravitreal injections compared to laser procedure is the chance not only to prevent the visual decline but also to promote a visual recovery. Nevertheless, this approach requiring repeated monthly interventions might amplify the procedure-related adverse effects. Thus, in order to improve the patient’s response and reduce the frequency of re-treatments, several investigations have tried to demonstrate the role of the combination therapy as a validated, long-lasting option.

Moreover, new ocular agents are currently under investigation to refine upon the therapeutic strategy. However, in this deluge of different treatment options, ophthalmologists could find it difficult to choose the best correct management of the DME, and head-to-head comparison between the different drugs and procedures is still needed.

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, 20132, Italy

    Francesco Bandello MD, FEBO, Ilaria Zucchiatti MD, Rosangela Lattanzio MD & Chiara Preziosa MD

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  1. Francesco Bandello MD, FEBO
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  2. Ilaria Zucchiatti MD
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  3. Rosangela Lattanzio MD
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  4. Chiara Preziosa MD
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Correspondence to Francesco Bandello MD, FEBO .

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

    Francesco Bandello

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    Marco Attilio Zarbin

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

    Rosangela Lattanzio

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

    Ilaria Zucchiatti

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Bandello, F., Zucchiatti, I., Lattanzio, R., Preziosa, C. (2014). Diabetic Macular Edema. In: Bandello, F., Zarbin, M., Lattanzio, R., Zucchiatti, I. (eds) Clinical Strategies in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54503-0_3

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