Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ankle and Subtalar Ligaments: Acute Injuries and Chronic Instabilities

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Foot and Ankle Disorders

  • 2912 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Acevedo JI, Mangone P. Ankle Instability and Arthroscopic Lateral Ligament Repair. Foot Ankle Clin. 2013;20(1):59–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ahlgren O, Larsson S. Reconstruction for lateral ligament injuries of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1989;71(2):300–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson ME. Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using the plantaris tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67(6):930–4. http://dx.doi.org/.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bahr R, Pena F, Shine J, Lew WD, Tyrdal S, Engebretsen L. Biomechanics of ankle ligament reconstruction. An in vitro comparison of the Brostrom repair, Watson-Jones reconstruction, and a new anatomic reconstruction technique. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25(4):424–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Balduini FC, Vegso JJ, Torg JS, Torg E. Management and rehabilitation of ligamentous injuries to the ankle. Sports Med. 1987;4(5):364–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Barg A, Tochigi Y, Amendola A, Phisitkul P, Hintermann B, Saltzman CL. Subtalar instability: diagnosis and treatment. Foot Ankle Int. 2012;33(2):151–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Baumhauer JF, Alosa DM, Renstrom AF, Trevino S, Beynnon B. A prospective study of ankle injury risk factors. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(5):564–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bosien WR, Staples OS, Russell SW. Residual disability following acute ankle sprains. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1955;37-A(6):1237–43.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Brostrom L. Sprained ankles. VI. Surgical treatment of “chronic” ligament ruptures. Acta Chir Scand. 1966;132(5):551–65.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Campbell DG, Menz A, Isaacs J. Dynamic ankle ultrasonography. A new imaging technique for acute ankle ligament injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22(6):855–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cheng Y, Cai Y, Wang Y. Value of ultrasonography for detecting chronic injury of the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint compared with ultrasonography findings. Br J Radiol. 2014;87(1033):20130406.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Chrisman OD, Snook GA. Reconstruction of lateral ligament tears of the ankle. An experimental study and clinical evaluation of seven patients treated by a new modification of the Elmslie procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1969;51(5):904–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Clanton TO. Instability of the subtalar joint. Orthop Clin North Am. 1989;20(4):583–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Clark BL, Derby AC, Power GR. Injuries of the lateral ligament of the ankle. Conservative vs. operative repair. Can J Surg. 1965;8(4):358–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Colville MR. Surgical treatment of the unstable ankle. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1998;6(6):368–77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Colville MR, Grondel RJ. Anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments using a split peroneus brevis tendon graft. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(2):210–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Corte-Real NM, Moreira RM. Arthroscopic repair of chronic lateral ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2009;30(3):213–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Cottom JM, Rigby RB. The “all inside” arthroscopic Brostrom procedure: a prospective study of 40 consecutive patients. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2013;52(5):568–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Coughlin MJ, Schenck Jr RC, Grebing BR, Treme G. Comprehensive reconstruction of the lateral ankle for chronic instability using a free gracilis graft. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25(4):231–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Czajka CM, Tran E, Cai AN, DiPreta JA. Ankle sprains and instability. Med Clin North Am. 2014;98(2):313–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. De Vries J, Struijs PA, Raaymakers EL, Marti RK. Long-term results of the Weber operation for chronic ankle instability: 37 patients followed for 20-30 years. Acta Orthop. 2005;76(6):891–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Deland JT, de Asla RJ, Segal A. Reconstruction of the chronically failed deltoid ligament: a new technique. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25(11):795–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. DiGiovanni CW, Brodsky A. Current concepts: lateral ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2006;27(10):854–66.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Drakos M, Behrens SB, Mulcahey MK, Paller D, Hoffman E, DiGiovanni CW. Proximity of arthroscopic ankle stabilization procedures to surrounding structures: an anatomic study. Arthroscopy. 2013;29(6):1089–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Drakos MC, Behrens SB, Paller D, Murphy C, DiGiovanni CW. Biomechanical Comparison of an Open vs Arthroscopic Approach for Lateral Ankle Instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2014;35(8):809–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Drez Jr D, Young JC, Waldman D, Shackleton R, Parker W. Nonoperative treatment of double lateral ligament tears of the ankle. Am J Sports Med. 1982;10(4):197–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Evans DL. Recurrent instability of the ankle; a method of surgical treatment. Proc R Soc Med. 1953;46(5):343–4.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ferran NA, Maffulli N. Epidemiology of sprains of the lateral ankle ligament complex. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11(3):659–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Freeman MA. Treatment of ruptures of the lateral ligament of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1965;47(4):661–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Freeman MA, Dean MR, Hanham IW. The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1965;47(4):678–85.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Frey C, Gasser S, Feder K. Arthroscopy of the subtalar joint. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15(8):424–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Friden T, Zatterstrom R, Lindstrand A, Moritz U. A stabilometric technique for evaluation of lower limb instabilities. Am J Sports Med. 1989;17(1):118–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Garrick JG. The frequency of injury, mechanism of injury, and epidemiology of ankle sprains. Am J Sports Med. 1977;5(6):241–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Garrick JG, Requa RK. The epidemiology of foot and ankle injuries in sports. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1989;6(3):629–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Gerber JP, Williams GN, Scoville CR, Arciero RA, Taylor DC. Persistent disability associated with ankle sprains: a prospective examination of an athletic population. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19(10):653–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Glick JM, Gordon RB, Nishimoto D. The prevention and treatment of ankle injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1976;4(4):136–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gould N, Seligson D, Gassman J. Early and late repair of lateral ligament of the ankle. Foot Ankle. 1980;1(2):84–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Guillo S, Bauer T, Lee JW, et al. Consensus in chronic ankle instability: aetiology, assessment, surgical indications and place for arthroscopy. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2013;99(8 Suppl):S411–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Haddad SL, Dedhia S, Ren Y, Rotstein J, Zhang LQ. Deltoid ligament reconstruction: a novel technique with biomechanical analysis. Foot Ankle Int. 2010;31(7):639–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Hansen H, Damholt V, Termansen NB. Clinical and social status following injury to the lateral ligaments of the ankle. Follow-up of 144 patients treated conservatively. Acta Orthop Scand. 1979;50(6 Pt 1):699–704.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Harper MC. The lateral ligamentous support of the subtalar joint. Foot Ankle. 1991;11(6):354–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Heilman AE, Braly WG, Bishop JO, Noble PC, Tullos HS. An anatomic study of subtalar instability. Foot Ankle. 1990;10(4):224–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hennrikus WL, Mapes RC, Lyons PM, Lapoint JM. Outcomes of the Chrisman-Snook and modified-Brostrom procedures for chronic lateral ankle instability. A prospective, randomized comparison. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(4):400–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Hertel J. Functional Anatomy, Pathomechanics, and Pathophysiology of Lateral Ankle Instability. J Athl Train. 2002;37(4):364–75.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hintermann B. Medial ankle instability. Foot Ankle Clin. 2003;8(4):723–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Hintermann B, Knupp M, Pagenstert GI. Deltoid ligament injuries: diagnosis and management. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11(3):625–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Hintermann B, Regazzoni P, Lampert C, Stutz G, Gachter A. Arthroscopic findings in acute fractures of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82(3):345–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Hintermann B, Valderrabano V, Boss A, Trouillier HH, Dick W. Medial ankle instability: an exploratory, prospective study of fifty-two cases. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(1):183–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Horibe S, Shino K, Taga I, Inoue M, Ono K. Reconstruction of lateral ligaments of the ankle with allogeneic tendon grafts. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73(5):802–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Jackson R, Wills RE. Rupture of deltoid ligament without involvement of the lateral ligament. Am J Sports Med. 1988;16(5):541–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Jung HG, Kim TH. Subtalar instability reconstruction with an allograft: technical note. Foot Ankle Int. 2012;33(8):682–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Jung HG, Kim TH, Park JY, Bae EJ. Anatomic reconstruction of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments using a semitendinosus tendon allograft and interference screws. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(8):1432–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Jung HG, Park JT, Shin MH, Lee SH, Eom JS, Lee DO. Outcome of subtalar instability reconstruction using the semitendinosus allograft tendon and biotenodesis screws. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015;22(8):2015.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Jung HG, Shin MH, Park JT, Eom JS, Lee DO, Lee SH. Anatomical Reconstruction of Lateral Ankle Ligaments Using Free Tendon Allografts and Biotenodesis Screws. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(9):1064–71. doi:10.1177/1071100715584848. Epub 2015 Apr 28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Karlsson J, Bergsten T, Lansinger O, Peterson L. Lateral instability of the ankle treated by the Evans procedure. A long-term clinical and radiological follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988;70(3):476–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Karlsson J, Bergsten T, Lansinger O, Peterson L. Surgical treatment of chronic lateral instability of the ankle joint. A new procedure. Am J Sports Med. 1989;17(2):268–73; discussion 273–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Karlsson J, Eriksson BI, Renstrom P. Subtalar instability of the foot. A review and results after surgical treatment. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998;8(4):191–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Karlsson J, Eriksson BI, Renstrom PA. Subtalar ankle instability. A review Sports Med. 1997;24(5):337–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Kato T. The diagnosis and treatment of instability of the subtalar joint. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995;77(3):400–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Keefe DT, Haddad SL. Subtalar instability. Etiology, diagnosis, and management. Foot Ankle Clin. 2002;7(3):577–609.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Kitaoka HB, Lee MD, Morrey BF, Cass JR. Acute repair and delayed reconstruction for lateral ankle instability: twenty-year follow-up study. J Orthop Trauma. 1997;11(7):530–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Knupp M, Stufkens SA, Bolliger L, Barg A, Hintermann B. Classification and treatment of supramalleolar deformities. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32(11):1023–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Konradsen L, Bech L, Ehrenbjerg M, Nickelsen T. Seven years follow-up after ankle inversion trauma. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2002;12(3):129–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Kreitner KF, Ferber A, Grebe P, Runkel M, Berger S, Thelen M. Injuries of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle: assessment with MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 1999;9(3):519–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Larsen E. Tendon transfer for lateral ankle and subtalar joint instability. Acta Orthop Scand. 1988;59(2):168–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Lee J, Hamilton G, Ford L. Associated intra-articular ankle pathologies in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability: arthroscopic findings at the time of lateral ankle reconstruction. Foot Ankle Spec. 2011;4(5):284–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Lee KT, Park YU, Kim JS, Kim JB, Kim KC, Kang SK. Long-term results after modified Brostrom procedure without calcaneofibular ligament reconstruction. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32(2):153–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Lee MS, Hofbauer MH. Evaluation and management of lateral ankle injuries. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1999;16(4):659–78.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Lentell G, Katzman LL, Walters MR. The Relationship between Muscle Function and Ankle Stability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1990;11(12):605–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Li X, Killie H, Guerrero P, Busconi BD. Anatomical reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability in the high-demand athlete: functional outcomes after the modified Brostrom repair using suture anchors. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(3):488–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Liu SH, Baker CL. Comparison of lateral ankle ligamentous reconstruction procedures. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22(3):313–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Loder BG, Wertheimer SJ. Primary repair of lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle utilizing the Mini-Statak device. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1994;33(2):120–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Lui TH. Arthroscopic-assisted lateral ligamentous reconstruction in combined ankle and subtalar instability. Arthroscopy. 2007;23(5):554. e551–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Lynch SA. Assessment of the Injured Ankle in the Athlete. J Athl Train. 2002;37(4):406–12.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Lynch SA, Renstrom PA. Treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament rupture in the athlete. Conservative versus surgical treatment. Sports Med. 1999;27(1):61–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Mabit C, Boncoeur-Martel MP, Chaudruc JM, Valleix D, Descottes B, Caix M. Anatomic and MRI study of the subtalar ligamentous support. Surg Radiol Anat. 1997;19(2):111–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Mann RA, Beaman DN, Horton GA. Isolated subtalar arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19(8):511–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Messer TM, Cummins CA, Ahn J, Kelikian AS. Outcome of the modified Brostrom procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability using suture anchors. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(12):996–1003.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Meyer JM, Lagier R. Post-traumatic sinus tarsi syndrome. An anatomical and radiological study. Acta Orthop Scand. 1977;48(1):121–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Monk CJ. Injuries of the tibio-fibular ligaments. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1969;51(2):330–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Morvan G, Busson J, Wybier M, Mathieu P. Ultrasound of the ankle. Eur J Ultrasound. 2001;14(1):73–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Nelson DR, Younger A. Acute posttraumatic planovalgus foot deformity involving hindfoot ligamentous pathology. Foot Ankle Clin. 2003;8(3):521–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Ng ZD, Das De S. Modified Brostrom-Evans-Gould technique for recurrent lateral ankle ligament instability. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2007;15(3):306–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Oae K, Takao M, Uchio Y, Ochi M. Evaluation of anterior talofibular ligament injury with stress radiography, ultrasonography and MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 2010;39(1):41–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Okuda R, Kinoshita M, Morikawa J, Jotoku T, Abe M. Reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability using the palmaris longus tendon: is reconstruction of the calcaneofibular ligament necessary? Foot Ankle Int. 1999;20(11):714–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Pagenstert GI, Hintermann B, Knupp M. Operative management of chronic ankle instability: plantaris graft. :Foot. Ankle Clin. 2006;11(3):567–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Paterson R, Cohen B, Taylor D, Bourne A, Black J. Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using semi-tendinosus graft. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(5):413–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Petrera M, Dwyer T, Theodoropoulos JS, Ogilvie-Harris DJ. Short- to Medium-term Outcomes After a Modified Brostrom Repair for Lateral Ankle Instability With Immediate Postoperative Weightbearing. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(7):1542–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Pijnenburg AC, Bogaard K, Krips R, Marti RK, Bossuyt PM, van Dijk CN. Operative and functional treatment of rupture of the lateral ligament of the ankle. A randomised, prospective trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003;85(4):525–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Pijnenburg AC, Van Dijk CN, Bossuyt PM, Marti RK. Treatment of ruptures of the lateral ankle ligaments: a meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82(6):761–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Pisani G, Pisani PC, Parino E. Sinus tarsi syndrome and subtalar joint instability. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2005;22(1):63–77, vii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Robbins S, Waked E. Factors associated with ankle injuries. Preventive measures Sports Med. 1998;25(1):63–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Rosenbaum D, Becker HP, Wilke HJ, Claes LE. Tenodeses destroy the kinematic coupling of the ankle joint complex. A three-dimensional in vitro analysis of joint movement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998;80(1):162–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Saltzman CL. el-Khoury GY. The hindfoot alignment view. Foot Ankle Int. 1995;16(9):572–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Sammarco GJ, Idusuyi OB. Reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments using a split peroneus brevis tendon graft. Foot Ankle Int. 1999;20(2):97–103.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Sammarco VJ. Complications of lateral ankle ligament reconstruction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;391:123–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Schon LC, Clanton TO, Baxter DE. Reconstruction for subtalar instability: a review. Foot Ankle. 1991;11(5):319–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Smith RW, Reischl S. The influence of dorsiflexion in the treatment of severe ankle sprains: an anatomical study. Foot Ankle. 1988;9(1):28–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Smith RW, Reischl SF. Treatment of ankle sprains in young athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14(6):465–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Staples OS. Ruptures of the fibular collateral ligaments of the ankle. Result study of immediate surgical treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1975;57(1):101–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Strauss JE, Forsberg JA, Lippert 3rd FG. Chronic lateral ankle instability and associated conditions: a rationale for treatment. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(10):1041–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Sugimoto K, Takakura Y, Kumai T, Iwai M, Tanaka Y. Reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments with bone-patellar tendon graft in patients with chronic ankle instability: a preliminary report. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30(3):340–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Takahashi T, Nakahira M, Kaho K, Kawakami T. Anatomical reconstruction of chronic lateral ligament injury of the ankle using pedicle tendon of the extensor digitorum longus. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2003;123(4):175–9. Epub 2003 Jan 31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Takao M, Oae K, Uchio Y, Ochi M, Yamamoto H. Anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle with a gracilis autograft: a new technique using an interference fit anchoring system. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(6):814–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Thermann H, Zwipp H, Tscherne H. Treatment algorithm of chronic ankle and subtalar instability. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18(3):163–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Tornetta 3rd P. Competence of the deltoid ligament in bimalleolar ankle fractures after medial malleolar fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82(6):843–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Tourne Y, Besse JL, Mabit C. Chronic ankle instability. Which tests to assess the lesions? Which therapeutic options? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2010;96(4):433–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Usuelli FG, Mason L, Grassi M, Maccario C, Ballal M, Molloy A. Lateral ankle and hindfoot instability: A new clinical based classification. Foot Ankle Surg. 2014;20(4):231–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. van den Bekerom MP, Kerkhoffs GM, McCollum GA, Calder JD, van Dijk CN. Management of acute lateral ankle ligament injury in the athlete. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(6):1390–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Van der Rijt A, Evans GA. Watson-Jones tenodesis for ankle instability. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995;77(3):510.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Vammen S, Petersen LG, Kaalund S, Jørgensen TE. The effect of musculus extensor digitorum brevis transfer for chronic lateral ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19(8):563–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Verhaven EF, Shahabpour M, Handelberg FW, Vaes PH, Opdecam PJ. The accuracy of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of ruptures of the lateral ligaments of the ankle. Am J Sports Med. 1991;19(6):583–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Yeung MS, Chan KM, So CH, Yuan WY. An epidemiological survey on ankle sprain. Br J Sports Med. 1994;28(2):112–6.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Zwipp H, Krettek C. Diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic ligament instability of the lower ankle joint. Orthopade. 1986;15(6):472–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Zwipp H, Rammelt S, Grass R. Ligamentous injuries about the ankle and subtalar joints. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2002;19(2):195–229, v.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Zwipp H, Tscherne H. Radiologic diagnosis of rotation instability in the dorsal lower ankle joint. Unfallheilkunde. 1982;85(12):494–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We’d like to express sincere gratitude to Ms. Han-Ah Cho (hanahcompany@naver.com) for her great contributions of providing many excellent schematic surgical drawings to the chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

    Sang-Hun Lee MD

  2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Hong-Geun Jung MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Sang-Hun Lee MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hong-Geun Jung MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hong-Geun Jung MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Hong-Geun JUNG

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lee, SH., Jung, HG. (2016). Ankle and Subtalar Ligaments: Acute Injuries and Chronic Instabilities. In: JUNG, HG. (eds) Foot and Ankle Disorders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54493-4_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54493-4_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54492-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54493-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation