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Verbrennungschirurgie pp 341–353Cite as

Verätzungen

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Zusammenfassung

Eine Verätzung entsteht durch den Kontakt mit chemischen Stoffen. Die heterogenen Eigenschaften von Verätzungen werden durch Art, Konzentration, Menge und Einwirkungszeit des chemischen Stoffes bestimmt. Die Schwere wird analog zu Verbrennungen je nach Oberfläche und Tiefe der Schädigung unterteilt. Es existieren etwa 9100 Reinstoffe mit ätzender Wirkung auf der Haut, etwa 57100 Reinstoffe mit hautreizender Wirkung und über 69400 Reinstoffe, die einen schweren Augenschaden oder eine schwere Augenreizung verursachen können. Die schädigende Wirkung chemischer Stoffe ist hochkomplex. In den letzten 30 Jahren sind die Verätzungsoberfläche und -tiefe geringer geworden, wobei der Anteil an häuslichen Verletzungen zugenommen hat. Nach Angaben der DGUV wurde in Deutschland ein stetiger Rückgang meldepflichtiger Arbeitsverletzungen durch Verätzungen registriert. Ausschlaggebend ist das sofortige Handeln nach Verätzungen, da eine Verzögerung von 1–2 min zu bedeutend tieferen und größeren Wunden führt. Die Wasserspülung ist die Therapie der Wahl.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie/Handchirurgie Märkische Kliniken GmbH, Klinikum Lüdenscheid, Paulmannshöher Straße 14, D-58515, Lüdenscheid

    Priv. Doz. Dr. med. Stéphane Stahl

  2. Klinik für Hand-, Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Verbrennungschirurgie, BG-Unfallklinik Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, D-72076, Tübingen

    Prof. Dr. med. Hans-Eberhard Schaller

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  1. Priv. Doz. Dr. med. Stéphane Stahl
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. BG-Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland

    Marcus Lehnhardt

  2. Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    Bernd Hartmann

  3. Klinikum Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Deutschland

    Bert Reichert

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Stahl, S., Schaller, HE. (2016). Verätzungen. In: Lehnhardt, M., Hartmann, B., Reichert, B. (eds) Verbrennungschirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54444-6_31

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54444-6_31

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