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PET and SPECT Imaging in Parkinsonian Syndromes

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PET and SPECT in Neurology

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonian disorders can present with a variety of symptoms, and there is often significant overlap between the different disorders. Diagnosis typically relies on clinical examination, especially at follow-up visits, which has limitations. Neuroimaging has played a major role in the elucidation of anatomical and functional abnormalities in different parkinsonian disorders. Various imaging techniques have been investigated for their potential to aid in diagnosis during routine clinical practice. In this chapter, we describe the use of functional imaging with PET and SPECT in the research of parkinsonian syndromes, including multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). We focus on the utility of these imaging techniques to facilitate differential diagnosis and assess disease progression in patients, especially in the early stages of disease.

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Abbreviations

[11C](R)-PK11195:

11C(R)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide

APS:

Atypical parkinsonian syndromes

CBD:

Corticobasal degeneration

CIT:

Carboxymethyoxy-3-β-(4-iodophenyl) tropane

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

CVLT:

California Verbal Learning Test

DAT:

Dopamine transporter

DWI:

Diffusion-weighted imaging

FDG:

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose

FP:

Fluoropropyl

HVLT:

Hooper Verbal Learning Test

123I-IBF:

123I-Iodolisuride

123I-IBZM:

123I-Iodobenzamide

DLB:

Dementia with Lewy bodies

LN:

Lentiform nucleus

MCI:

Mild cognitive impairment

MIBG:

Meta-123I-iodobenzylguanidine

MR:

Magnetic resonance

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MSA:

Multiple system atrophy

MSARP:

Multiple system atrophy-related pattern

MSA-C:

Multiple system atrophy-cerebellar

MSA-P:

Multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian

PBBS:

Peripheral benzodiazepine binding site

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PAGF:

Pure akinesia with gait freezing

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PDCP:

Parkinson’s disease-related cognitive pattern

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PDRP:

Parkinson’s disease-related motor pattern

PMC:

Premotor cortex

Pre-SMA:

Pre-supplementary motor area

PSP:

Progressive supranuclear palsy

PSPRP:

Progressive supranuclear palsy-related pattern

SMA:

Supplementary motor area

SN:

Substantia nigra

SPM:

Spatial parametric mapping

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography

TCS:

Transcranial sonography

TSPO:

Translocator protein 18 kDa

99mTc-ECD:

Technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [NINDS R01 NS 35069 and P50 NS 38370 to D.E.], the General Clinical Research Center of the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System [National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health, M01 RR018535], and the International Parkinson Fonds, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA

    Chris C. Tang MD, PhD, Martin Niethammer MD, PhD, Patricia J. Allen & David Eidelberg MD

  2. Departments of Neurology and Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA

    Martin Niethammer MD, PhD & David Eidelberg MD

  3. Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands

    Klaus (Nico) L. Leenders MD

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  1. Chris C. Tang MD, PhD
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  2. Martin Niethammer MD, PhD
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  3. Patricia J. Allen
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  4. Klaus (Nico) L. Leenders MD
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  5. David Eidelberg MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Eidelberg MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F.J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Klaus L. Leenders

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Tang, C.C., Niethammer, M., Allen, P.J., Leenders, K.(.L., Eidelberg, D. (2014). PET and SPECT Imaging in Parkinsonian Syndromes. In: Dierckx, R., Otte, A., de Vries, E., van Waarde, A., Leenders, K. (eds) PET and SPECT in Neurology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54307-4_28

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54307-4_28

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